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The lifetime effects of repetitive head impacts have captured considerable public and scientific interest over the past decade, yet a knowledge gap persists in our understanding of midlife neurological well-being, particularly in amateur level athletes. This study aimed to identify the effects of lifetime exposure to sports-related head impacts on brain morphology in retired, amateur athletes. This cross-sectional study comprised of 37 former amateur contact sports athletes and 21 age- and sex-matched noncontact athletes. High-resolution anatomical, T1 scans were analyzed for the cortical morphology, including cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and sulcal curvature, and cognitive function was assessed using the Dementia Rating Scale-2. Despite no group differences in cognitive functions, the contact group exhibited significant cortical thinning particularly in the bilateral frontotemporal regions and medial brain regions, such as the cingulate cortex and precuneus, compared to the noncontact group. Deepened sulcal depth and increased sulcal curvature across all four lobes of the brain were also notable in the contact group. These data suggest that brain morphology of middle-aged former amateur contact athletes differs from that of noncontact athletes and that lifetime exposure to repetitive head impacts may be associated with neuroanatomical changes.
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Atletas , Corteza Cerebral , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/anatomía & histología , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos en Atletas/patología , Traumatismos en Atletas/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Conmoción Encefálica/patología , Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Cognición/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD), one of the main phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It can impact the function of gastrointestinal secretions, as well as increasing the intestinal permeability leading to an aberrant immunological response and subsequent intestinal inflammation. Studies have reported anatomical and functional brain changes in Crohn's Disease patients (CDs), possibly due to increased inflammatory markers and microglial cells that play key roles in communicating between the brain, gut, and systemic immune system. To date, no studies have demonstrated similarities between morphological brain changes seen in IBD and brain morphometry observed in older healthy controls.. Methods: For the present study, twelve young CDs in remission (M = 26.08 years, SD = 4.9 years, 7 male) were recruited from an IBD Clinic. Data from 12 young age-matched healthy controls (HCs) (24.5 years, SD = 3.6 years, 8 male) and 12 older HCs (59 years, SD = 8 years, 8 male), previously collected for a different study under a similar MR protocol, were analyzed as controls. T1 weighted images and structural image processing techniques were used to extract surface-based brain measures, to test our hypothesis that young CDs have different brain surface morphometry than their age-matched young HCs and furthermore, appear more similar to older HCs. The phonemic verbal fluency (VF) task (the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, COWAT) (Benton, 1976) was administered to test verbal cognitive ability and executive control. Results/Discussion: On the whole, CDs had more brain regions with differences in brain morphometry measures when compared to the young HCs as compared to the old HCs, suggesting that CD has an effect on the brain that makes it appear more similar to old HCs. Additionally, our study demonstrates this atypical brain morphometry is associated with function on a cognitive task. These results suggest that even younger CDs may be showing some evidence of structural brain changes that demonstrate increased resemblance to older HC brains rather than their similarly aged healthy counterparts.
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Importance: Recurring exposure to head impacts in American football has garnered public and scientific attention, yet neurobiological associations in adolescent football players remain unclear. Objective: To examine cortical structure and neurophysiological characteristics in adolescent football players. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included adolescent football players and control athletes (swimming, cross country, and tennis) from 5 high school athletic programs, who were matched with age, sex (male), and school. Neuroimaging assessments were conducted May to July of the 2021 and 2022 seasons. Data were analyzed from February to November 2023. Exposure: Playing tackle football or noncontact sports. Main Outcomes and Measures: Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were analyzed for cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and gyrification, and cortical surface-based resting state (RS)-functional MRI analyses examined the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and RS-functional connectivity (RS-FC). Results: Two-hundred seventy-five male participants (205 football players; mean [SD] age, 15.8 [1.2] years; 5 Asian [2.4%], 8 Black or African American [3.9%], and 189 White [92.2%]; 70 control participants; mean [SD] age 15.8 [1.2] years, 4 Asian [5.7], 1 Black or African American [1.4%], and 64 White [91.5%]) were included in this study. Relative to the control group, the football group showed significant cortical thinning, especially in fronto-occipital regions (eg, right precentral gyrus: t = -2.24; P = .01; left superior frontal gyrus: -2.42; P = .002). Elevated cortical thickness in football players was observed in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (eg, left posterior cingulate cortex: t = 2.28; P = .01; right caudal anterior cingulate cortex 3.01; P = .001). The football group had greater and deeper sulcal depth than the control groups in the cingulate cortex, precuneus, and precentral gyrus (eg, right inferior parietal lobule: t = 2.20; P = .004; right caudal anterior cingulate cortex: 4.30; P < .001). Significantly lower ALFF was detected in the frontal lobe and cingulate cortex of the football group (t = -3.66 to -4.92; P < .01), whereas elevated ALFF was observed in the occipital regions (calcarine and lingual gyrus, t = 3.20; P < .01). Similar to ALFF, football players exhibited lower ReHo in the precentral gyrus and medial aspects of the brain, such as precuneus, insula, and cingulum, whereas elevated ReHo was clustered in the occipitotemporal regions (t = 3.17; P < .001; to 4.32; P < .01). There was no group difference in RS-FC measures. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study of adolescent athletes, there was evidence of discernible structural and physiological differences in the brains of adolescent football players compared with their noncontact controls. Many of the affected brain regions were associated with mental health well-being.
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Fútbol Americano , Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Estudios de Cohortes , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Giro del CínguloRESUMEN
Musical training has been evidenced to facilitate music perception, which refers to the consistencies, boundaries, and segmentations in pieces of music that are associated with the Gestalt principles. The current study aims to test whether musical training is beneficial to non-musical cognitive ability with Gestalt principles. Three groups of Chinese participants (with early, late, and no musical training) were compared in terms of their performances on the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT). The results show that the participants with early musical training had significantly better performance in the Gestalt-like Visual Closure subtest than those with late and no musical training, but no significances in other Gestalt-unlike subtests was identified (Visual Memory, Visual Discrimination, Spatial Relationship, Figure Ground in MVPT). This study suggests the benefit of early musical training on non-musical cognitive ability with Gestalt principles.
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INTRODUCTION: Being choked/strangled during partnered sex is an emerging sexual behavior, particularly prevalent among young adult women. Using a multiparameter morphometric imaging approach, we aimed to characterize neuroanatomical differences between young adult women (18-30 years old) who were exposed to frequent sexual choking and their choking naïve controls. METHODS: This cross-sectional study consisted of two groups (choking [≥4 times in the past 30 days] vs. choking-naïve group). Participants who reported being choked four or more times during sex in the past 30 days were enrolled in the choking group, whereas those without were assigned to the choking naïve group. High-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were analyzed using both volumetric features (cortical thickness) and geometric features (fractal dimensionality, gyrification, sulcal depth). RESULTS: Forty-one participants (choking n = 20; choking-naïve n = 21) contributed to the final analysis. The choking group showed significantly increased cortical thickness across multiple regions (e.g., fusiform, lateral occipital, lingual gyri) compared to the choking-naïve group. Widespread reductions of the gyrification were observed in the choking group as opposed to the choking-naïve group. However, there was no group difference in sulcal depth. The fractal dimensionality showed bi-directional results, where the choking group exhibited increased dimensionality in areas including the postcentral gyrus, insula, and fusiform, whereas decreased dimensionality was observed in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus and pericalcarine cortex. CONCLUSION: These data in cortical morphology suggest that sexual choking events may be associated with neuroanatomical alteration. A longitudinal study with multimodal assessment is needed to better understand the temporal ordering of sexual choking and neurological outcomes.
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Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Corteza Cerebral , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Adulto , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios Transversales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Conducta Sexual , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/patologíaRESUMEN
Our study assessed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in pediatric subjects with epilepsy secondary to Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) to improve our understanding of structural network changes associated with FCD related epilepsy. We utilized a data harmonization (DH) approach to minimize confounding effects induced by MRI protocol differences. We also assessed correlations between DTI metrics and neurocognitive measures of the fluid reasoning index (FRI), verbal comprehension index (VCI), and visuospatial index (VSI). Data (n = 51) from 23 FCD patients and 28 typically developing controls (TD) scanned clinically on either 1.5T, 3T, or 3T-wide-bore MRI were retrospectively analyzed. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) with threshold-free cluster enhancement and permutation testing with 100,000 permutations were used for statistical analysis. To account for imaging protocol differences, we employed non-parametric data harmonization prior to permutation testing. Our analysis demonstrates that DH effectively removed MRI protocol-based differences typical in clinical acquisitions while preserving group differences in DTI metrics between FCD and TD subjects. Furthermore, DH strengthened the association between DTI metrics and neurocognitive indices. Fractional anisotropy, MD, and RD metrics showed stronger correlation with FRI and VSI than VCI. Our results demonstrate that DH is an integral step to reduce the confounding effect of MRI protocol differences during the analysis of white matter tracts and highlights biological differences between FCD and healthy control subjects. Characterization of white matter changes associated with FCD-related epilepsy may better inform prognosis and treatment approaches.
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Epilepsia , Displasia Cortical Focal , Sustancia Blanca , Humanos , Niño , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anisotropía , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Being choked or strangled during partnered sex is an emerging sexual behavior, prevalent among young adult women. The goal of this study was to test whether, and to what extent, frequently being choked or strangled during sex is associated with cortical surface functioning and functional connectivity. This case-control study consisted of two groups (choking vs. choking-naïve). Women who were choked 4 or more times during sex in the past 30 days were enrolled into the choking group, whereas those without were assigned to the choking-naïve group. We collected structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and analyzed the data for amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) using cortical surface-based resting-state fMRI analysis, followed by static and dynamic resting-state fMRI connectivity analysis. Forty-one participants (choking n = 20; choking-n-aïve n = 21) contributed to the analysis. An inter-hemispheric imbalance in neuronal activation pattern was observed in the choking group. Specifically, we observed significantly lower ALFF and ReHo in the left cortical regions (e.g., angular gyrus, orbitofrontal gyrus) and higher ALFF and ReHo in the right cortical regions (e.g., pre-central/post-central gyri) in the choking group compared with the choking-naïve group. A significant group difference was found in static functional connectivity between the bilateral angular gyrus and the whole brain, in which the choking group's angular gyrus showed hyperconnectivity with, for example, the post-central gyrus, pre-central gyrus, and Rolandic operculum, relative to the choking-naïve group. The dynamic analysis revealed hyperconnectivity between the left angular gyrus and the bilateral postcentral gyrus in the choking group compared with the choking-naïve group. Taken together, our data show that multiple experiences of sexual choking/strangulation are associated with an inter-hemispheric imbalance in neural activation pattern and hyperconnectivity between the angular gyrus and brain regions related to motor control, consciousness, and emotion. A longitudinal study using multi-modal neurological assessments is needed to clarify the acute and chronic consequences of sexual choking/strangulation.
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Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto Joven , Humanos , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Longitudinales , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to movement and balance deficits. In addition to physical therapy, brain-based neurorehabilitation efforts have begun to show promise in improving these deficits. The present study investigated the effectiveness of translingual neural stimulation (TLNS) on patients with mild-to-moderate TBI (mmTBI) and related brain connectivity using a resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) approach. METHODS: Resting-state images with 5-min on GE750 3T scanner were acquired from nine participants with mmTBI. Paired t-test was used for calculating changes in RSFC and behavioral scores before and after the TLNS intervention. The balance and movement performances related to mmTBI were evaluated by Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). RESULTS: Compared to pre-TLNS intervention, significant behavioral changes in SOT and DGI were observed. The analysis revealed increased RSFC between the left postcentral gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule and left Brodmann Area 40, as well as the increased RSFC between the right culmen and right declive, indicating changes due to TLNS treatment. However, there were no correlations between the sensory/somatomotor (or visual or cerebellar) network and SOT/DGI behavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS: Although the limited sample size may have led to lack of significant correlations with functional assessments, these results provide preliminary evidence that TLNS in conjunction with physical therapy can induce brain plasticity in TBI patients with balance and movement deficits.
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Conmoción Encefálica , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Humanos , Descanso/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Conmoción Encefálica/terapia , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Central nervous system effects of lingual strengthening exercise to treat dysphagia remain largely unknown. This pilot study measured changes in microstructural white matter to capture alterations in neural signal processing following lingual strengthening exercise. METHODS: Diffusion-weighted images were acquired from seven participants with dysphagia of varying etiologies, before and after lingual strengthening exercise (20 reps, 3×/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks), using a 10-min diffusion sequence (9 b0, 56 directions with b1000) on GE750 3T scanner. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics evaluated voxel-based group differences for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity and local diffusion homogeneity (LDH). Paired t-tests evaluated treatment differences on each metric (P < 0.05). RESULTS: After lingual strengthening exercise, lingual pressure generation increased (avg increase = 46.1 hPa; nonsignificant P = 0.52) with these changes in imaging metrics: (1) decrease in fractional anisotropy, forceps minor; (2) increase in mean diffusivity, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF); (3) decrease in mean diffusivity, left uncinate fasciculus; (4) decrease in axial diffusivity, both left IFOF and left uncinate fasciculus; (5) increase in LDH, right anterior thalamic radiation and (6) decrease in LDH, temporal portion of right superior longitudinal fasciculus. There was a positive correlation between diffusion tensor imaging metrics and change in lingual pressure generation in left IFOF and the temporal portion of right superior longitudinal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that lingual strengthening exercise can induce changes in white matter structural and functional properties in a small group of patients with dysphagia of heterogeneous etiologies. These procedures should be repeated with a larger group of patients to improve interpretation of overall lingual strengthening exercise effects on cortical structure and function.
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Trastornos de Deglución , Sustancia Blanca , Anisotropía , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/terapia , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Throughout adulthood, the brain undergoes an array of structural and functional changes during the typical aging process. These changes involve decreased brain volume, reduced synaptic density, and alterations in white matter (WM). Although there have been some previous neuroimaging studies that have measured the ability of adult language production and its correlations to brain function, structural gray matter volume, and functional differences between young and old adults, the structural role of WM in adult language production in individuals across the life span remains to be thoroughly elucidated. This study selected 38 young adults and 35 old adults for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and performed the Controlled Oral Word Association Test to assess verbal fluency (VF). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics were employed to evaluate the voxel-based group differences of diffusion metrics for the values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and local diffusion homogeneity (LDH) in 12 WM regions of interest associated with language production. To investigate group differences on each DTI metric, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for sex and education level was performed, and the statistical threshold was considered at p < 0.00083 (0.05/60 labels) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Significant differences in DTI metrics identified in the ANCOVA were used to perform correlation analyses with VF scores. Compared to the old adults, the young adults had significantly (1) increased FA values on the bilateral anterior corona radiata (ACR); (2) decreased MD values on the right ACR, but increased MD on the left uncinate fasciculus (UF); and (3) decreased RD on the bilateral ACR. There were no significant differences between the groups for AD or LDH. Moreover, the old adults had only a significant correlation between the VF score and the MD on the left UF. There were no significant correlations between VF score and DTI metrics in the young adults. This study adds to the growing body of research that WM areas involved in language production are sensitive to aging.
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Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure results in a spectrum of disease ranging from severe birth defects to delayed onset neurodevelopmental deficits. ZIKV-related neuropathogenesis, predictors of birth defects, and neurodevelopmental deficits are not well defined in people. Here we assess the methodological and statistical feasibility of a congenital ZIKV exposure macaque model for identifying infant neurobehavior and brain abnormalities that may underlie neurodevelopmental deficits. We inoculated five pregnant macaques with ZIKV and mock-inoculated one macaque in the first trimester. Following birth, growth, ocular structure/function, brain structure, hearing, histopathology, and neurobehavior were quantitatively assessed during the first week of life. We identified the typical pregnancy outcomes of congenital ZIKV infection, with fetal demise and placental abnormalities. We estimated sample sizes needed to define differences between groups and demonstrated that future studies quantifying brain region volumes, retinal structure, hearing, and visual pathway function require a sample size of 14 animals per group (14 ZIKV, 14 control) to detect statistically significant differences in at least half of the infant exam parameters. Establishing the parameters for future studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes following congenital ZIKV exposure in macaques is essential for robust and rigorous experimental design.
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Trastornos de la Audición/patología , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/patología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/patología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/patología , Trastornos de la Visión/patología , Infección por el Virus Zika/complicaciones , Virus Zika/fisiología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Trastornos de la Audición/etiología , Macaca mulatta , Malformaciones del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/etiología , Resultado del Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/etiología , Trastornos de la Visión/etiología , Infección por el Virus Zika/virologíaRESUMEN
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has attracted increasing attention as an emerging therapeutic agent for tumor treatment. However, the clinical application of DHA is seriously limited owing to its inherent properties, including low solubility, poor selectivity, and fast clearance. Herein, we report a facile yet efficient strategy based on using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 to load DHA (DHA@ZIF-8). The as-prepared DHA@ZIF-8 nanoparticles (NPs) possess high drug encapsulation efficiency (77.2%), favorable stability, good biocompatibility and controllable drug release in tumor acidic microenvironments. DHA@ZIF-8 NPs exhibit enhanced antitumor effects compared with free DHA in in vitro and in vivo therapy experiments, accompanied with negligible side effects. Furthermore, the antitumor mechanism of DHA@ZIF-8 NPs is well investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis. The results indicate that DHA@ZIF-8 NPs modify the expression of 7090 genes in HepG2 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the induction of apoptosis through a p53-mediated mitochondrial pathway and the suppression of glycolysis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway. This work highlights the potential of utilizing MOFs as a safe and stable platform for developing a highly efficient drug delivery system in cancer therapy, and the investigation of the antitumor mechanism can provide theoretical support for the clinical usage of DHA.
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Antineoplásicos/química , Artemisininas/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Nanopartículas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Cápsulas , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Zeolitas/químicaRESUMEN
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been shown to have abnormal brain morphometry or function, which are associated with psychological symptoms such as stress, depression or anxiety. The present work recruited 20 Crohn's disease patients in remission (CDs) and 20 age-gender-handedness-education matched healthy controls (HCs) and compared their brain white matter microstructural properties using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Additionally, we examined the correlations between the microstructural properties and cognition (verbal fluency language task, VF) and affect (anxiety) in both groups as well as disease duration in CDs. Results showed that CDs exhibited significant alterations in microstructural properties compared to HCs in various white matter tracts relevant to language function despite no significant difference in VF scores. Furthermore, CDs' microstructural changes exhibited correlations with anxiety level and disease duration. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in white matter microstructural properties which may be a biomarker of neuropsychiatric comorbidities of CD.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Ansiedad/etiología , Cognición , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Remisión EspontáneaRESUMEN
Emerging evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain activation studies associated with dietary behavior reveals significant interaction of biological and behavioral mechanisms in response to visualized food stimuli. Because food intake is influenced by neurosensory stimulation and memory cues, personalized food images may be useful in prompting appropriate affective responses to food intake, which may subsequently lead to healthier eating behaviors. The current study used a cross-sectional mixed methods approach to explore neural responses and self-perceptions of eating behavior during review of personalized food images. A sample of college students (N = 16; 9 females; M age = 21.44) used cell-phone cameras and an online dietary tracking website to collect and report three days of diet. Within 2-3 weeks of completing dietary tracking activity, participants underwent an fMRI scan while reviewing recorded personal images and text descriptions of their diet. They also responded to three questions related to memory for the food items and future eating intentions. Post-scan interviews explored how participants felt after reviewing personal food images and the possible impact that such review might have on future food choices. Whole brain analyses suggested, compared to a written dietary record, that the visualization of personal images of diet evoked greater brain activation in memory regions (e.g., superior frontal gyrus) along with mediating emotion (e.g., thalamus, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex), imagery and executive functions (e.g., inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, fusiform, and parietal lobe). This study offers preliminary support for the use of personal food images to strengthen dietary monitoring.
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Encéfalo/fisiología , Señales (Psicología) , Dieta/psicología , Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Emociones , Conducta Alimentaria , Juicio , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Función Ejecutiva , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Femenino , Alimentos , Preferencias Alimentarias/fisiología , Preferencias Alimentarias/psicología , Humanos , Imaginación , Intención , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Memoria , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Obesidad/psicología , Estudiantes , Universidades , Percepción Visual , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) exhibits potential anticancer activity. However, the biological functions of DHA in prostate cancer remain largely unexplored. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-proliferative effect and glycolysis regulation of DHA on prostate cancer cell LNCaP. MAIN METHODS: Cell proliferative activity and apoptosis inducing were detected. The gene expression was detected by mRNA microarray and results were analyzed by GO and KEGG pathway database. Expressions of glycolysis key enzymes and PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α were detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS: Results indicated that DHA could inhibit the LNCaP cell proliferation considerably and induce cell apoptosis. mRNA microarray showed 1293 genes were upregulated and 2322 genes were downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that glycolysis pathway was correlated with DHA inhibited the proliferation on the LNCaP cell. Western blot results showed that DHA can decrease GLUT1 and regulatory enzymes of glycolytic pathway expression probably by suppressing the activity of the intracellular Akt/mTOR and HIF-1 α. SIGNIFICANCE: Experimental validation results indicate that DHA treatment can inhibit the LNCaP cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, which may be related to glycolysis inhibition.
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Artemisininas/farmacología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Proliferación Celular , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/genética , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Masculino , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), for instance, HPV 16 and HPV 18, are concerned associated with cervical cancer. Thus, it is essential to suppress HPVs-in HPV-positive cervical cancer for treating cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the proposed molecular mechanisms, which that underlies the antintumor potential of juglone to treat of HPV-positive on cervical cancer cells. The results showed that juglone suppressed HPV-positive cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent way. In addition, cell invasion and metastasis were also inhibited by juglone. Nevertheless, when pin 1 was knocked down in HPV-positive cells, cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis were reduced. This study was designed to acquire an understanding of the mechanism of invasion and metastasis in HPV-positive cells suppressed by juglone. It provides evidence of the advantageous use of juglone in the future.
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Naftoquinonas/farmacología , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/etiologíaRESUMEN
Although accumulating evidence suggests that there are significant anatomical and histological differences between the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex, whether there is a difference in the distribution of interneurons between the two cortical regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the distributions of parvalbumin-positive interneurons among three neighboring gyrus and sulcus pairs-coronal gyrus and cruciate sulcus, anterior ectosylvian gyrus and rostral suprasylvian sulcus, and posterior ectosylvian gyrus and pseudosylvian sulcus-in the adult ferret cerebral cortex. We proposed a method to partition sulci and gyri into several specific subregions through the deepest points of the sulci and the highest points of gyri in the inner and outer cortical contours of coronal sections. We found that the density of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the gyri was significantly higher than that in the sulci. Further study revealed that the density of PV interneurons in superficial cortical layers (layers 2/3 and layer 4) was comparable among the three pairs of sulci and gyri. However, the density of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in cortical layers 5/6 was significantly higher in gyri than in sulci. These results indicate that parvalbumin-positive interneurons are differently distributed in infragranular layers of cortical sulci and gyri.
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Corteza Cerebral/anatomía & histología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiología , Hurones/fisiología , Interneuronas/fisiología , Parvalbúminas/fisiología , Animales , Mapeo Encefálico , Recuento de Células , Corteza Cerebral/citología , Femenino , InmunohistoquímicaRESUMEN
Previous studies have found neural alterations in regions involved in cognitive and affective functions among Crohn's disease (CD) patients. The present work recruited 18 CD patients and 18 age-gender matched healthy controls (HC) and specifically compared differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the executive control network (ECN) which has been implicated in cognitive function and default mode network (DMN), which has been implicated in affective function. Additionally, we examined the correlations between RSFC in ECN and verbal fluency (VF) in both groups as well as RSFC in DMN and anxiety level in the CD group. Results showed significantly increased RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in ECN, as well as increased RSFC between the right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex in DMN, among CD patients compared to HC. However, the correlations between ECN/DMN and behavioral scores in each group were not significant, which was possibility due to the limited sample size. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in the connectivity patterns in ECN and DMN. Increased connectivity observed on these networks could be a potential biomarker of a neuropsychiatric manifestation of CD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Crohn/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cognición/fisiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Neuroimagen , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Inducción de RemisiónRESUMEN
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), such as HPV 16 and HPV 18 are related to cervical cancer. Therefore, it is important to inhibit HPV-positive cervical cancer for treating cervical cancer. This study is aiming at investigating the proposed molecular mechanism, which underlies the antineoplastic potential of the aqueous extract of juglone of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. According to the results, it is showed that, juglone prohibited HPV positive cervical cancer cells' growth through dose-dependent way. Nevertheless, when pin 1 was knocked down, the proliferation inhibition reduced. The detection of apoptosis and cell cycle also illustrated that juglone influenced HPV positive cells. Western blot expressed the influence mechanism that it affected the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family and later activated the Caspase-depended apoptosis way. It is contributable for this study to understand the mechanism of inhibiting HPV positive cells by juglone and it also provides an effective strategy for the application of it in the future.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Papillomavirus Humano 18 , Naftoquinonas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocromos c/genética , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The current study used diffusion tensor imaging to examine patterns/degree of brain connectivity in 12 college-aged binge drinking (BD) and 12 moderate drinking individuals. Voxel-level and region-of-interest analyses revealed increased connectivity of the BD brain in the right corona radiata, right external capsule, and both the right and left cingulum. Also, fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity values of these regions correlated with a number of drinking behaviors of the BD as well as both groups combined. It is hypothesized that increased connectivity in the BD may produce difficulties with regulatory control, contributing to their propensity to binge.