Bioguided identification of triterpenoids and neolignans as bioactive compounds from anti-infectious medicinal plants of the Taira Atacama's community (Calama, Chile).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Previous ethnobotanical surveys from the north Andean part of Chile, where different ethnic groups are co-existing, with the preeminence of Aymara and Atacama traditions, revealed an extensive domestic use of the local flora. In these communities, traditional medicinal uses are mainly related to the treatment of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and urinary disorders, pain and inflammation, which is closely linked to epidemiological observations. AIM OF THE STUDY: As these symptoms may be related to infectious diseases, a bioguided evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity was conducted on eighteen species selected with the Taira community, in Ollague. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Screening was performed using a large panel of pathogenic germs involved in the main community acquired infectious diseases, represented by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of clinical interest and by human pathogenic fungi, using a bioguided approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Gram positive strains of clinical interest were highly sensitive to Aloysia deserticola (Verbenaceae) and Krameria lappacea (Krameriaceae) extracts. The bioguided approach led us to identify the isolated neolignan from K. lappacea conocarpan (1), and triterpenoids form A. deserticola (oleanolic acid (6) and ursolic acid (10)), as the main bioactive compounds.

Combined deletions of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes result in Plasmodium falciparum malaria false-negative rapid diagnostic test.

We report a case of misdiagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from Brazil with negative PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), leading to inappropriate case management. Genetic tests showed the deletion of both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. The detection of two distinct P. falciparum target antigens is then advisable.