Efficacy of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: T long-term effects of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy (CTBT) for menopausal symptoms are unknown, and whether the effects are different between natural menopause and treatment-induced menopause are currently unclear. Therefore, we sought to conduct an accurate estimate of the efficacy of CTBT for menopausal symptoms. METHODS: We conducted searches of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for studies from 1 January 1977 to 1 November 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intervention groups to control groups for menopausal symptoms were included. Hedge's g was used as the standardized between-group effect size with a random-effects model. RESULTS: We included 14 RCTs comprising 1618 patients with a mean sample size of 116. CTBT significantly outperformed control groups in terms of reducing hot flushes [g = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.55, I2 = 45], night sweats, depression (g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.66, I2 = 51), anxiety (g = 0.38, 95% CI 0.23-0.54, I2 = 49), fatigue, and quality of life. Egger's test indicated no publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: CTBT is an effective psychological treatment for menopausal symptoms, with predominantly small to moderate effects. The efficacy is sustained long-term, although it declines somewhat over time. The efficacy was stronger for natural menopause symptoms, such as vasomotor symptoms, than for treatment-induced menopause symptoms. These findings provide support for treatment guidelines recommending CTBT as a treatment option for menopausal symptoms.

Meta-analysis of sleep deprivation effects on depression in rodents.

OBJECTIVE: To our knowledge, the relationship of sleep deprivation (SD) and depression on the rodents remains unclear. In this article, we performed a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the experimental effects of SD on rodents and explore the heterogeneous factors that may be associated with outcomes. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles before January 5th, 2022. The strains of rodents, SD method, and depression measurement tools were recorded. Standardized mean differences based on Hedge's g were calculated as measures of the effect size. RESULTS: In total, 19 studies involving 51 trials were included. The overall data suggested that SD had a large effect on exacerbating depression-like behaviors, but there was high heterogeneity [-1.09 (-1.57, -0.62); I2 = 90.3%; P < 0.05]. Subgroup analysis showed that tail suspension test better reflected the effect of SD in exacerbating depression-like behavior [-3.677 (-4.758, -2.597); I2 = 56.7%; P = 0.001] than forced swimming test [-0.821 (-1.439, -0.203); I2 = 91%; P = 0.009] and sucrose preference test [-1.033 (-1.709, -0.358); I2 = 81.6%; P = 0.003]. CONCLUSION: This study found that SD worsened depression-like behaviors by tail suspension test. Our results also indicated that the effects of SD on depression in rodents were related to different assessment methods, strains, SD methods and SD types.

Meta-Analysis of Sleep Deprivation Effects on Patients With Depression.

Objective: Depression is a common disorder with a high recurrence rate. Since the effect of sleep deprivation on depression in existing studies were inconsistent, the present study aimed to reassess the effects of SD on patients by performing a meta-analysis of updated research. Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles before January 20th, 2021. Data on participant characteristics, SD characteristics, adjunctive method and tests for depression were extracted. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the effect of SD on depression and subgroup analysis was used to determine the sources of heterogeneity. Results: In total, 8 articles were included. An SD time of <7 days slightly worsened depression levels [0.24 (-0.21, 0.69); I 2 = 0%; P = 0.43], a time of 7-14 days had antidepressant effects [-1.52 (-2.07, -0.97); I 2 = 19.6%; P = 0.288], and a time of more than 14 days also worsened depression [0.76 (0.12, 1.40); I 2 = 43.7%; P = 0.169]. Conclusion: SD may serve as an effective antidepressant measure in humans when the time was 7-14 days, while a time of <7 days and more than 14 days worsened depression.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Mood Disorders, Sleep, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on mood disorders, sleep, fatigue, and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials in three electronic databases. Fourteen studies, including 507 patients with PD, met the inclusion criteria. We determined the pooled efficacy by standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, using I 2 to reveal heterogeneity. Results: The result showed CBT had a significant effect on depression [-0.93 (95%CI, -1.19 to -0.67, P < 0.001)] and anxiety [-0.76 (95%CI, -0.97 to -0.55, P < 0.001)]. Moderate effect sizes were noted with sleep disorders [-0.45 (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.20, P = 0.0004)]. There was no evident impact of CBT on fatigue or QOL. We found an intervention period >8 weeks was advantageous compared with <8 weeks, and CBT implemented in non-group was more effective than in group. Between the delivery methods, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: We found that CBT in patients with PD was an efficacious therapy for some non-motor symptoms in PD, but not efficacious for fatigue and QOL. These results suggest that CBT results in significant improvement in PD and should be used as a conventional clinical intervention.

Probiotics treatment improves cognitive impairment in patients and animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The gut-brain axis has received considerable attention in recent years, and the "psychobiotics" concept indicates that probiotics have a potential positive effect on cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the influence of probiotics on cognition. We conducted a random-eff ;ects meta-analysis of 7 controlled clinical trials and 11 animals studies to evaluate the eff ;ects of probiotics on cognitive function. Probiotics supplementation enhanced cognitive function in both human (0.24 [0.05-0.42]; I2 = 0 %) and animal studies (0.90 [0.47-1.34]; I2 = 74 %). Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of probiotics on cognitively impaired individuals (0.25 [0.05-0.45]; I2 = 0 %) were greater than those on healthy ones (0.15 [-0.30 to 0.60]; I2 = 0 %). Furthermore, compared with a multiple-probiotic supplement, a single strain of probiotics was more effective in humans. The meta-analysis provided some suggestions for probiotics intervention and tended to support a customized approach for different individuals to ameliorate cognitive disorders. Future additional clinical trials are necessary to evaluate therapeutic effect and influencing factors.

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy on quality of life and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on quality of life (QOL) and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients. METHODS: A total of 1289 references were examined from an overall literature search in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CBT compared with a range of comparators in cancer survivors. We assessed the effect of CBT by using the standardized mean difference as effect size. RESULTS: Among 1289 abstracts and 292 full-text articles reviewed, 10 studies were included. At the posttreatment period, the pooled effect size for CBT on QOL was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; P < .001), on depression was -1.11 (95% CI, -1.28 to -0.94; P < .001), on stress was -0.40 (95% CI, -0.53 to -0.26; P < .001), on anxiety was -1.10 (95% CI, -1.27 to -0.93; P < .001), and on hyperarousal cluster of symptoms was -0.18 (95% CI, -0.30 to -0.05; P < .001). The QOL was considered statistically medium effect sizes. The depression and anxiety were considered statistically large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive behavior therapy is an effective therapy for psychological symptoms of cancer survivors and patients, with meaningfully clinical effect sizes. These findings suggested that CBT should be used as the intervention for breast cancer survivors and patients when possible.