Expression analysis and biological regulation of silencing regulatory protein 6 (SIRT6) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer worldwide. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with CSCC progression could aid in the early detection of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) in CSCC and its clinical significance. METHODS: The protein expression level of SIRT6 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SIRT6 expression and clinicopathological parameters in CSCC patients was analyzed. The relative expression of SIRT6 in CSCC cell lineage and tissue specimens was determined by western blotting and PCR. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8. Wound healing, transwell method, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the migration, invasion, and cell cycle distribution/apoptosis of CSCC cells after SIRT6 silencing, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition), cycle, apoptosis, and other related proteins. RESULTS: The high expression of SIRT6 was correlated with the location of cancer tissue and Broder staging in CSCC patients. Knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of CSCC cells, and promoted their apoptosis, with cells blocked in G1 phase. STUDY LIMITATIONS: No animal experiments were conducted to further verify the results. CONCLUSION: Decreased expression of SIRT6 can inhibit the occurrence and development of CSCC.

Rotational stability of monofocal and diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens with identical design and material: a propensity score based prospective comparative study.

PURPOSE: To compare the rotational stability of a monofocal and a diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens(IOLs) with identical design and material. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled patients who underwent plate-haptic toric IOL (AT TORBI 709 M and AT LISA 909 M) implantation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline factors. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 1 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. A linear mixed model of repeated measures was used to investigate the changes in IOL rotation over time. A 2-week timeframe was utilized to assess differences in IOL rotation between the two groups. RESULT: After PSM, a total of 126 eyes were selected from each group for further analysis. Postoperatively, the time course of IOL rotation change in the two groups remained consistent, with the greatest rotation occurring between 1 h and 1 day postoperatively. At the 2-week postoperative mark, the monofocal toric IOL exhibited a higher degree of rotation compared to the multifocal toric IOL (5.40 ± 7.77° vs. 3.53 ± 3.54°, P = 0.015). In lens thickness(LT) ≥ 4.5 mm and white-to-white distance(WTW) ≥ 11.6 mm subgroups, the monofocal toric IOL rotated greater than the multifocal toric IOL (P = 0.026 and P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION: The diffractive multifocal toric IOL exhibits superior rotational stability compared to the monofocal toric IOL, especially in subgroups LT ≥ 4.5 mm and WTW ≥ 11.6 mm. Moreover, the time course of IOL rotation change is consistent for both, with the maximum rotation occurring between 1 h and 1 day postoperatively.

Integrated analysis of microRNA expression in tears of Kazakh patients with climatic droplet keratopathy in Xinjiang, China.

Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) is a corneal diseases, which is characterized by increased oil-like deposits on the anterior elastic lamina and anterior stromal layer. Severe CDK can even cause blindness, with no specific available treatment. Besides. CDK is poorly understood in terms of its pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, to determine potential biomarkers for CDK, we analyzed the microRNA expression profile in tear samples from CDK patients and investigated their putative roles in the pathogenesis of CDK. Herein, miRNA sequencing and following bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the roles of their target genes in CDK. A total of 67 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 25 were upregulated and 42 were downregulated. qPCR verification showed that among the up- and down-regulated miRNAs, expression of five and six, respectively, was most significantly different.The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in the FoxO signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction network analyses identified 20 hub genes, including PTEN, GSK3B, and SMAD3. In conclusion, the panel of differentially expressed miRNAs identified may have potential utility as early diagnostic biomarkers for CDK. Moreover, the TNF signaling pathway is a new potential target in CDK for the development of treatments.

Comparison of astigmatism correction and visual outcomes in mix-and-match implantations of trifocal intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy and contralateral bifocal Toric intraocular lenses.

Introduction: Astigmatism reduces the postoperative visual performance after non-toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) implantation, and limits the use of refractive IOLs in cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy in astigmatism correction and the postoperative visual outcomes between the implantation of a trifocal IOL with femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) in one eye and a bifocal toric IOL (TIOL) in the other, in patients with cataract and moderate astigmatism. Methods: This prospective observational paired-eye study enrolled patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism (CA) between 0.75 and 2.25 D in both eyes. The patients underwent a mix-and-match treatment comprising trifocal IOL implantation with FSAK and bifocal TIOL implantation. We compared the visual acuity (VA) at all distances, defocus curve, postoperative refractive astigmatism (RfA), CA, high-order aberrations, modulation transfer function (MTF) curve, and Strehl ratio between the two eye groups. Results: In total, 41 patients (82 eyes) were enrolled and completed a 6-month follow-up. The 1- and 3-month uncorrected distance VA and 3-month uncorrected near VA were greater in eyes with bifocal TIOLs than with trifocal IOLs and FSAK (p = 0.036, 0.010, and 0.030, respectively), whereas the latter had greater uncorrected intermediate VA at every visit and greater VA in the intermediate range of defocus curve (at -1.50 and - 2.00 D) than the eyes with bifocal TIOLs. The postoperative RA of the eyes with trifocal IOL and FSAK was significantly higher than that of the bifocal TIOL-implanted eyes at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Discussion: Both FSAK and TIOL implantation effectively reduce pre-existing moderate astigmatism in patients with cataract. The eyes with bifocal TIOLs had more stable long-term astigmatism correction, whereas those with trifocal IOLs and FSAK had better intermediate VA. Therefore, a mix-and-match implantation of trifocal IOL with FSAK and contralateral bifocal TIOL could achieve effective astigmatism correction and provide an overall optimal VA.

miR-1273h-5p protects the human corneal epithelium against UVR-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis: Role of miR-1273h-5p in climatic droplet keratopathy.

Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) is characterized by an increased number of oil-like deposits on the most anterior corneal layers, which affect vision and can cause blindness. Environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a major risk factor, but the underlying mechanism of CDK pathogenesis is unclear. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs participate in the cross-talk with oxidative stress. We aimed to explore whether certain miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of CDK. We performed miRNA sequencing of tears from patients with CDK and healthy individuals from Tacheng region of Xinjiang and conducted bioinformatic analysis of key miRNAs. We also evaluated viability, migration, and apoptosis of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) subjected to UVR treatment. miR-1273h-5p expression was abnormally downregulated in the tears of patients with CDK. miR-1273h-5p promoted cell proliferation and migration and inhibited UVR-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. miR-1273h-5p protected HCECs against UVR-induced oxidative damage by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis via the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Thus, our results suggest that miR-1273h-5p protects the corneal epithelium against UVR-induced oxidative stress damage.

Rotational stability of plate-haptic toric intraocular lenses in Asian eyes: risk period for intraocular lens rotation and its influencing factors.

PURPOSE: To investigate the rotational stability of plate-haptic toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) during 3-month follow-up. SETTING: Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Patients with cataracts implanted with AT TORBI 709M toric IOLs were enrolled and followed at 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. A linear mixed model of repeated measures was applied to investigate the time course of absolute IOL rotation change. The 2-week overall IOL rotation was analyzed in the age, sex, axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), preexisting astigmatism, and white-to-white subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 328 eyes of 258 patients were included. The rotation from the end of surgery to 1 hour and 1 day to 3 days was significantly smaller compared with the rotation from 1 hour to 1 day but more than that at other time intervals in the overall group. 2 weeks postoperatively, the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity and remaining positive cylinder were 0.19 ± 0.22 logMAR and 0.60 ± 0.44 diopters, respectively. Significant between-group differences in 2-week overall rotation were found in the age, AL, and LT subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Maximum rotation occurred within 1 hour to 1 day postoperatively, and the first 3 days postoperatively was a high-risk period for the plate-haptic toric IOL rotation. Surgeons should make the patients aware of this.

Optimal Timing of Repositioning Surgery for a Plate-Haptic Toric Intraocular Lens: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for significant rotation and determine optimal timing for repositioning surgery following a plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent the plate-haptic toric IOL implantation at seven hospitals in Shanghai. IOL rotation and residual astigmatism were compared before and after repositioning surgery. Risk factors for significant IOL rotation after cataract surgery were identified by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Spearman's and linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with IOL rotation after repositioning. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the optimal timing for repositioning surgery. RESULTS: Among 2,745 eyes implanted with the toric IOL, 46 eyes (1.68%) of 45 patients underwent repositioning surgery. Axial length and lens thickness were significantly associated with IOL rotation before repositioning. After repositioning surgery, IOL rotation and residual astigmatism were significantly reduced (all P < .001). IOL rotation after repositioning was negatively associated with the timing of repositioning surgery (all P < .001). The ROC curve showed that the optimal cut-off for the timing of repositioning surgery was 15 days or greater. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of repositioning surgery after the plate-haptic toric IOL implantation was 1.68%, and the optimal timing for repositioning surgery was recommended to be 2 to 3 weeks after cataract surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(2):120-126.].

Propensity-matched comparison of postoperative stability and visual outcomes of toric intraocular lens with or without a capsular tension ring and updated meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the contribution of capsular tension ring (CTR) to postoperative stability and visual outcomes of a plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: This prospective cohort study was performed among patients underwent toric IOL (AT TORBI 709 M) implantation with or without CTR at the Eye and ENT hospital between April 2020 and November 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline factors. Postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) and residual astigmatism, as well as IOLs' rotation, tilt, and decentration, were analyzed. Grouped multiple linear regression analysis was used to model predictive factors of rotation in each group. Additionally, a meta-analysis of data from 4 publications (284 eyes) and current study was performed to evaluate the effect of CTR co-implantation on toric IOL rotation. RESULTS: After PSM, 126 eyes from each group were included for further analysis. Postoperatively, UDVA was 0.31 ± 0.38 logMAR and 0.27 ± 0.36 logMAR in the CTR and NCTR groups, respectively (P = 0.441), and residual astigmatism was 0.75 ± 0.52 D and 0.86 ± 0.65 D, respectively (P = 0.139). The rotation of toric IOL was significantly smaller in the CTR group than in the NCTR group (4.63 ± 6.27 vs. 10.93 ± 16.05 degrees, P < 0.001). The regression models of the two groups and the coefficients of LT were significantly different (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the meta-analysis confirmed that CTR co-implantation reduced toric IOL rotation (MD, - 1.59; 95% CI, - 3.10 to - 0.09; P = 0.038). CONCLUSION: CTR enhances rotational stability of toric IOL by reducing the impact of LT, and CTR co-implantation is recommended in patients with lens thickness (LT) ≥ 4.5 mm, white-to-white (WTW) ≥ 11.6 mm, or high preexisting astigmatism.

Integrated Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA -mRNA Profile and Validation in Diabetic Cataract.

PURPOSE: To illustrate the expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs in diabetic cataract (DC) and explore their potential role in the pathogenesis of DC. METHODS: LncRNA and mRNA microarray were conducted using the lens epithelium of DC patients (n = 3) and controls from eye bank (n = 3). Further, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were employed to unveil their underlying biological function and signaling pathway. The co-expression network was constructed to explore the relationship between lncRNAs and mRNAs. Then, lens epithelial cells (LECs) were cultured in vitro under high glucose (HG) and normal glucose (NG) groups to further verified the expression profiles of mRNAs. At last, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the microarray results for the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs, and to unveil the expression prolife of mRNAs in LECs. RESULTS: Eight thousand three hundred and twenty-six lncRNAs and 3303 mRNAs were dysregulated in DC. GO analysis unveiled that the upregulated mRNAs, highest enrichment score of the GO term belonged to oxidation-reduction process, while the highest for downregulated mRNAs went to protein lipidation. In the CC category, the most significant terms for upregulated and downregulated mRNAs appeared in intracellular part and intrinsic component of membrane, respectively. As to MF category, the most significant term for upregulated mRNAs was protein binding, and for downregulated mRNAs was catecholamine binding. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that the major enrichment score of pathways in upregulated mRNAs included Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, lysosome, carbon metabolism and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. For the downregulated mRNAs, the glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series pathway was included. Three lncRNAs (LINC01508, MAFA-AS1, MIAT) and the Sirtuin 2 are positively related in the co-expression network. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided an overview of the lncRNAs and mRNAs expression, and suggesting that several aberrantly expressed lncRNAs might participate in the pathogenesis of DC.

Comparison of the skin microbiota of patients with acne vulgaris and healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units which can affect the individual's physiological and psychological health. Abnormal growth of lipophilic anaerobic bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes is reported to be a major factor in the development of acne. However, the relationship between skin microorganisms and acne has not been fully elucidated. Our study aimed to explore the microbial differences between patients with acne and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: The study involved 16 participants diagnosed with acne vulgaris and 5 HCs. We collected skin microbe samples from the cheeks, brow, forehead, neck, chin, or chest of the participants with sterile cotton swabs depending on the location of the acne lesions. Cutaneous microbe samples from the participants were tested by 16s sequencing. RESULTS: Patients with acne showed increased diversity of skin microbiota in their samples. OTU535601 (Lachnospiraceae), OTU4460604 (Clostridiales), OTU3217705 (Moraxellaceae), OTU1066814 (Prevotella), and OTU455671 (Lactococcus garvieae) were the top 5 most abundant species found in patients with acne but were not present in HCs. OTU423327 (Achromobacter), OTU4423360 (Stenotrophomonas), OTU993127 (Porphyromonas), OTU677680 (Prevotella), and OTU269901 (Pseudomonas) were the top 5 most abundant species in HCs but were not found in patients with acne. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has analyzed and compared the diversity and abundance of microorganisms and the characteristics of the main pathogenic bacteria in patients with acne and HCs. Our findings indicate the importance of maintaining the skin's commensal microflora balance with the development of acne vulgaris.

Prevalence and associated factors for climatic droplet keratopathy in Kazakhs adults: a cross-sectional study in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Investigation of the prevalence of climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China. METHODS: A total of 1030 participants, in their 40s or older, from the Kazakh ethnic group in Tacheng, were randomly sampled by stratification method. Ophthalmic examinations and surveys were carried out on these participants. Factors associated with CDK were analyzed with logistic regression models. RESULTS: CDK was found in 66 (6.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9-7.9%) Kazakh individuals. After multiple regression model analysis, it demonstrated that age (< 0.001), exposure time (< 0.001), exposure protection (< 0.001), and vegetable intake (< 0.001) were of correlation with CDK, of which age (OR = 1.21[CI]: 1.16-1.27) and long-term outdoor exposure (OR = 2.42[CI]: 1.26-4.67) were the risk factors, and that vegetable intake (OR = 0.29[CI]: 0.14-0.59) and wearing a hat (OR = 0.24[CI]: 0.10-0.56) were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study has revealed the risk and protective factors of CDK, providing a new insight on related research.

Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Correction of Moderate-To-High Corneal Astigmatism in Cataract Patients: Clinical Efficacy and Safety.

METHODS: A total of 57 cataract patients (57 eyes) with regular corneal astigmatism (≥2.57 D) were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation was performed for all patients. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded before and one year after surgery, and statistical analysis of preoperative corneal astigmatism, postoperative residual astigmatism, aberrations, IOL rotation, and related factors was performed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and stability of toric IOLs in correcting moderate-to-high corneal astigmatism. RESULTS: One year after surgery, visual acuity was significantly improved compared with that before surgery (preoperative log MAR 0.87 ± 0.34 vs. postoperative log MAR 0.31 ± 0.26, p < 0.001), and the self-reported spectacle independence rate was 68.42%. The total residual astigmatism was 1.18 ± 0.85 D, which was significantly less than the preoperative value (3.41 ± 0.99 D) (p < 0.001). The degree of toric IOL rotation was 4.93 ± 3.02°, and 54.39% of patients had a lens rotation of less than 5°. The IOLs of 5.26% (3 eyes) of patients rotated more than 10°, and these patients received glasses instead of undergoing IOL repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: Toric IOL implantation provided optimal vision outcomes and low spectacle dependence during a one-year follow-up period. The results from our study show that toric IOL implantation is a safe and effective option for cataract patients with moderate-to-high corneal astigmatism.

Analysis of corneal astigmatism and aberration in chinese congenital cataract and developmental cataract patients before cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the distribution of corneal astigmatism, aberration, and biometric parameters in Chinese congenital cataract (CC) /developmental cataract patients before cataract surgery. METHODS: We evaluated eyes of CC /developmental cataract patients scheduled for cataract surgery from January 2016 to September 2019. Astigmatism, aberrations, and biometric parameters were measured with the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging device (Pentacam HR, Oculus). Cataract was diagnosed and classified by slit-lamp examination after full mydriasis. RESULTS: We evaluated 538 eyes in 356 patients. The mean values of anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) were determined as 1.98 ± 1.06 D (range 0.0‒4.8 D), 0.49 ± 0.26 D (range 0.0‒1.9 D), and 2.09 ± 1.19 D (range 0.2‒8.8 D), respectively. ACA and TCA ≥ 1.25 D was present in 379 eyes (70.3%) and 392 eyes (72.8%), respectively. PCA between 0.25 D and 0.75 D was found in 380 eyes (70.6%). There was a statistically significant positive linear correlation between lower-order aberrations root mean square values (LOA RMS) and corneal astigmatism (CA). Furthermore, in terms of distribution of central cornea thickness, anterior chamber depth, ACA, PCA, and TCA in different types of cataracts, ACA was highest in patients with zonular cataracts. Finally, we found anterior corneal measurements may overestimate WTR astigmatism, underestimate ATR astigmatism, and underestimate oblique astigmatism, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Most CC /developmental cataract patients had moderate to high astigmatism and ACA accounted for the largest proportion in the zonular group. This can provide a basis for planning of CC/developmental cataract surgery by ophthalmologists in clinical practice.

Oroxylin A inhibits carcinogen-induced skin tumorigenesis through inhibition of inflammation by regulating SHCBP1 in mice.

Accumulating evidence has shown that SHC SH2 domain-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) functions as an oncogene and participated in the progression of various cancers. Oroxylin A, an active ingredient extracted from Chinese Medicine Scutellaria baicalensis, shows strong anticancer effects on multiple cancers, however, the pharmacological effect of oroxylin A on skin cancer and the regulatory effect of SHCBP1 on this process have never been evaluated. The present study was aimed at elucidating the effect of oroxylin A on carcinogen (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin tumorigenesis, and to further clarify the role of SHCBP1 in oroxylin A induced antitumor effect. Pretreatment with oroxylin A remarkably inhibited DMBA/TPA-induced tumor formation and growth, and significantly reduced tumor incidence and the average number of tumors per mouse. Oroxylin A suppressed DMBA/TPA-induced skin hyperplasia and tumor proliferation. Oroxylin A significantly inhibited the expression of several inflammatory factors in vivo. In vitro experiments found that oroxylin A inhibited TPA-induced cell malignant transformation of skin epidermal JB6 P + cells. Besides, oroxylin A significantly suppressed the levels of TPA-induced inflammatory factors in vitro. Mechanistic studies showed that oroxylin A remarkably inhibited TPA-induced increased expression of SHCBP1. Overexpression of SHCBP1 attenuated the oroxylin A-induced anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, TPA increased the expression of nuclear NF-κB p65, and SHCBP1 siRNA notably decreased the nuclear NF-κB p65 expression in JB6 P + cells. Collectively, the anti-skin cancer effect of oroxylin A may possibly by inhibiting inflammation via suppression of SHCBP1. Oroxylin A might be a potential candidate compound for the treatment of skin cancer.

Case series of neck accessory tragus.

We report three cases of neck accessory tragus, which is the largest number of cases with dermatologists reported in China. Neck accessory tragus belongs to special accessory auricular anomaly. Case 1: A 5-year-old girl presented with a skin-colored mass above her right clavicle since birth. Physical examination revealed a pea-sized mass positioned above the right clavicle. Case 2 and case 3 were a 3-month-old female infant and a 4-month-old male infant, respectively. Both of their parents complained that the masses gradually increased in front of the neck. Histopathologically, all of the three cases showed cartilage beneath the subcutaneous tissue. All cases were diagnosed as cervical auricles.