Picosecond Spin Current Generation from Vicinal Metal-Antiferromagnetic Insulator Interfaces.

We report the picosecond spin current generation from the interface between a heavy metal and a vicinal antiferromagnet insulator Cr_{2}O_{3} by laser pulses at room temperature and zero magnetic field. It is converted into a detectable terahertz emission in the heavy metal via the inverse spin Hall effect. The vicinal interfaces are apparently the source of the picosecond spin current, as evidenced by the proportional terahertz signals to the vicinal angle. We attribute the origin of the spin current to the transient magnetic moment generated by an interfacial nonlinear magnetic-dipole difference-frequency generation. We propose a model based on the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking to quantitatively explain the terahertz intensity with respect to the angles of the laser polarization and the film azimuth. Our work opens new opportunities in antiferromagnetic and ultrafast spintronics by considering symmetry breaking.

[Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Objectives: To investigate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: The data of 98 patients with suspected pulmonary infection after allo-HSCT who underwent pathogen detection from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between June 2016 and August 2023 at Nanfang Hospital were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of mNGS, conventional methods, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for PJP were compared. Results: A total of 12 patients were diagnosed with PJP, including 11 with a proven diagnosis and 1 with a probable diagnosis. Among the patients with a proven diagnosis, 1 was positive by both conventional methods and qPCR, and 10 were positive by qPCR only. Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected by mNGS in all 12 patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of mNGS for PJP was 100%, which was greater than that of conventional methods (8.3%, P=0.001) and similar to that of qPCR (91.6%, P=1.000) . A total of 75% of the patients developed mixed pulmonary infections, and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus were the most common pathogens. Mixed infection was detected in eight patients by mNGS and in five patients by qPCR, but not by conventional methods (P=0.008) . Conclusions: mNGS had good sensitivity for diagnosing PJP after allo-HSCT and was advantageous for detecting mixed infectious pathogens; therefore, mNGS might be an effective supplement to regular detection methods and qPCR.

[Efficacy of rituximab therapy for 10 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus with intestinal involvement].

We retrospectively analyzed therapy efficacy and the adverse reactions of 10 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with intestinal involvement treated with rituximab (RTX). Patients were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to January 2023. Among the 10 patients, two were men and eight were women. The age of the cohort was (41.9±8.8) years. The age at disease onset was (28.8±9.2) years. The total course of the SLE diagnosis was(109.6±59.9) months. The course of the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement was (89.3±50.2) months. The time from the appearance of intestinal symptoms to the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement was 1.5 (1.0,8.0) months. The time from the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement to RTX use was 13.0 (1.0,46.3) months. Follow-up duration after application of RTX treatment was (55.3±28.4) months. There were five cases of abdominal pain, four cases of abdominal distension, nine cases of diarrhea, three cases of nervous-system involvement, nine cases of lupus nephritis, and seven cases of serositis. All 10 patients underwent computed tomography and radiology of the abdomen. Eight patients had intestinal-wall edema, seven suffered intestinal dilation, four had target signs, three suffered congestion of mesenteric blood vessels, eight had increased mesenteric-fat density, and six had false intestinal obstruction. All 10 patients showed a low level of complement C3 (250-750 mg/L). Nine cases showed a low level of complement C4 (10-90 mg/L). The SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) at baseline in 10 patients was 20.5 (17.8, 30.0). After receiving RTX (0.5 g: day 1, day 14, or 375 mg/m2: day 1, day 14) induction treatment, the intestinal symptoms of 10 cases were relieved completely. Four patients had adverse reactions, of which three received a high-dose glucocorticoid combined with RTX treatment simultaneously. Adverse reactions manifested mainly as a reduced level of IgG and infection with herpes simplex virus in one case, reduced level of IgG and lung infection in one patient, lung infection in one case, and reduced IgG level in one patient. RTX may an efficacious treatment strategy for patients suffering from refractory SLE with intestinal involvement.

Bosentan and ambrisentan in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to showcase the effectiveness and safety of bosentan or ambrisentan in individuals diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and offer fresh evidence for the management of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this research, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by searching various databases, including the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed, and Web of Science. The retrieval was conducted until November 2021. We analyzed the variances in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), death, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced vital capacity (FVC), hospitalization, IPF worsening, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, serious adverse events (SAEs), Short Form-36 improved, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire between the treatment and control groups. RESULTS: A sum of six studies involving 1,928 participants were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was high. The control group had significantly higher values for 6MWD, DLCO, and FVC compared to the ambrisentan treatment group. The rates of hospitalization and IPF worsening were considerably greater in comparison with the control group. The bosentan group exhibited significantly reduced rates of hospitalization and IPF worsening in comparison with the control group. Both drugs did not cause any raising in death or SAEs when in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this research validate the effectiveness and safety of bosentan for treating IPF patients. This medication can enhance the quality of life for individuals with IPF without causing any significant increase in SAEs. However, it does not have a notable influence on the long-term prognosis. The findings of this research do not endorse the utilization of ambrisentan in individuals diagnosed with IPF.

[Association between cognitive function and probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease in middle aged and elderly people aged 55 years and above in 4 provinces in China].

Objective: To analyze probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) and assess the association between global cognitive function and cognitive domain function and probability of pPD in ≥55 years old middle-aged and elderly people in Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan Provinces in China. Methods: Data were collected from dataset of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2020. We selected 4 634 Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease free persons aged ≥55 years with completed information on demographics, disease history, cognitive test, and risk factors of Parkinson's disease for this study. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (Chinese version). Calculation of probability of pPD and assessment of possible/probable pPD were performed according to the criteria published by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the association between cognitive function and probability of pPD. Results: The M (Q1,Q3) of global cognitive function and cognitive domains in terms of memory, execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation were 25 (20, 30), 13 (11, 15), 10 (7, 12), 6 (4, 7), 5 (4, 6), 15 (12, 18) and 6 (6, 6) points, respectively. The M(Q1,Q3) of probability of pPD was 0.42% (0.80%, 1.73%), and the proportion of the study subjects with possible/probable pPD was 0.4%. Differences in the distribution of probability of pPD were significant among groups by total cognitive score quartiles (P<0.001), and the difference in proportions of study subjects with possible/probable pPD was significant and showed decline trend (P=0.001). After adjusted for confounders, the results of multivariate linear regression analyses showed that probability of pPD in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 group decreased by 23.4%, 31.2% and 20.1% compared with Q1 group, and corresponding ß values were 0.766 (95%CI: 0.702-0.836), 0.688 (95%CI: 0.631-0.751) and 0.799 (95%CI: 0.730-0.875), respectively, the trend was significant (P<0.001). Higher index scores of execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation were highly related to lower probability of pPD (P<0.001). Conclusion: Declines in global cognitive function and cognitive domains of execution, visuospatial function, language, attention and orientation might increase the probability of pPD in middle-aged and elderly people, suggesting the importance of cognitive intervention in early stage for pPD prevention.

[A single-center study on the distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infection in patients with hematological malignancies].

Objective: To study the incidence of bloodstream infections, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profile in patients with hematological malignancies. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic resistance profiles of patients with malignant hematological diseases and bloodstream infections in the Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University. Results: A total of 582 incidences of bloodstream infections occurred in 22,717 inpatients. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of bloodstream infections were 2.79%, 2.99%, 2.79%, and 2.02%, respectively. Five hundred ninety-nine types of bacteria were recovered from blood cultures, with 487 (81.3%) gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eighty-one (13.5%) were gram-positive bacteria, primarily Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecium, whereas the remaining 31 (5.2%) were fungi. Enterobacteriaceae resistance to carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and tigecycline were 11.0%, 15.3%, 15.4%, and 3.3%, with a descending trend year on year. Non-fermenters tolerated piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam, and quinolones at 29.6%, 13.3%, and 21.7%, respectively. However, only two gram-positive bacteria isolates were shown to be resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics. Conclusions: Bloodstream pathogens in hematological malignancies were broadly dispersed, most of which were gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic resistance rates vary greatly between species. Our research serves as a valuable resource for the selection of empirical antibiotics.

Association of Dietary Quality with Cognitive Function in Chinese Adults Aged 55 Years and Above: A Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVES: Diet is an important modifiable factor for brain health and aging. Present study aimed to explore association of dietary quality with cognitive function and poor cognition in middle-aged and older adults participating in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). DESIGN: A longitudinal study with a twenty-year follow-up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were drawn from the CHNS 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2015 and 2018. Subjects aged 55 years and more who participated in at least two waves and had completed data on socio-demographics, lifestyle, disease history, anthropometrics, dietary measure and cognitive assessment were eligible in present study. METHODS: Baseline diet were assessed by 3-day 24-hour dietary recalls and used to evaluate diet quality via China Elderly Dietary Guidelines Index 2022 (CDGI 2022-E). Cognitive function was examined using part items of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified. Three-level linear mixed effects models and three-level mixed effects logistic regression models were performed to estimate the association between diet quality and cognitive function and odds of poor cognition, respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, 4173 subjects with median age of 63.7 years were recruited. Median of CDGI 2022-E total score was 44.7. Median score of global cognition was 16.0, and the proportion of people with poor cognitive function was 13.9%. Difference in global cognitive score was observed by tertiles of CDGI 2022-E (p<0.05). Significant associations of high diet quality with increment in global cognitive score [ß (95%CI): 0.704 (0.394~1.015)], composite cognitive z score [0.086 (0.045~0.128)] and standardized verbal memory score [0.221 (0.122~0.320)] were observed in total subjects. Consistent associations were also found in those below 65 years at baseline. The likelihood of poor cognition in the highest tertile of CDGI 2022-E decreased by 18% (95%CI: 0.698~0.965) relative to the lowest tertile group in total population. CONCLUSIONS: High diet quality may be beneficial for improving cognitive function and delaying cognitive decline in Chinese middle-aged and older population.

SLC7A11-associated ferroptosis in acute injury diseases: mechanisms and strategies.

Ferroptosis is a kind of iron-dependent renewal programmed death. Its main mechanism is to catalyze the unsaturated fatty acids highly expressed on the cell membrane under the effect of divalent iron, to produce lipid peroxidation, thus inducing cell death. SLC7A11 is a known iron death-related factor. It has been proved that iron death is involved in the occurrence and development of acute diseases, but the specific mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight the regulatory properties of SLC7A11 and gain a deeper understanding of its role in ferroptosis-related acute injury diseases. This is a narrative review. PubMed was used as the main source to randomly implement literature search strategy to index Scopus articles. No specific terms are used. Studies have shown that SLC7A11 may affect the sensitivity of cells to iron ptosis by regulating it at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, which is related to the pathology of many acute injury diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute liver injury, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and acute cerebral hemorrhage. In order to clarify this point, more and more researchers turn their attention to the study of the specific mechanism between SLC7A11 and ferroptosis-related acute injury diseases. In summary, this review summarized some specific mechanisms by which ferroptosis could be controlled by SLC7A11 and clarified the underlying mechanisms of a series of diseases caused by SLC7A11-associated ferroptosis. It also provided more scientific justification for the clinical application of targeting ferroptosis in preventing and treating various diseases.

[Epidemiological characteristics of cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in 4 provinces of China].

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in (Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Hunan) 4 provinces of China and the influence of demographic and economic characteristics on them. Methods: A total of 1 747 children and adolescents aged 7-17 from a Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 were selected. High waist circumference, central obesity, elevated TG, elevated TC, elevated LDL-C, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and clustering of risk factors was analyzed. χ2 test was used for univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between demographic and economic factors and risk factors, and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used for trend analysis. Results: The detection rates of high waist circumference, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated TG, elevated blood glucose, central obesity, elevated TC, and elevated LDL-C were 29.08%, 15.28%, 13.17%, 13.05%, 11.79%, 7.33%, 6.53%, and 5.15%, respectively. The rate of clustering of risk factors was 18.37%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of high waist circumference in girls was higher than that in boys (OR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.26-2.22), and the risk of elevated blood glucose and clustering of risk factors was lower than that in boys (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.99; OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.53-0.99). The risk of high waist circumference, decreased HDL-C, and clustering of risk factors in 13-17 years old group was higher than that in the 7-year-olds group (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.65-3.04; OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.20-2.11; OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.26-2.44), but the risk of central obesity was lower (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.37-0.78). The risk of elevated TC, elevated TG, and decreased HDL-C in children and adolescents in southern was higher than that in northern parts of China (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.25-2.83; OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.17-2.22; OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.19-2.04), but the risk of high waist circumference and central obesity was lower than that in northern China (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.43-0.75; OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.42-0.90). The risk of decreased HDL-C in rural children and adolescents was higher than in urban children and adolescents (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.02-1.83). The risk of multiple risk factors increased with the increase in average monthly household income per capita and BMI level. Conclusions: High waist circumference, decreased HDL-C and elevated blood pressure were prominent cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in 4 provinces of China in 2018. The region, average monthly household income per capita, and BMI were the main influencing factors of cardio-metabolic risk factors.

Trends and seasonal variation of antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei, China, 2012-2016.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends and seasonal variations of antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei, China, over a 5-year period. STUDY DESIGN: This was an ecological study. METHODS: Data on antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei between 2012 and 2016 were collected from the Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2021, SPSS 26.0 and R4.1.3. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was modelled to assess the impact of policies on antibiotic consumption trends. RESULTS: Amoxicillin and cephalosporins accounted for 63.64% and 30.48%, respectively, of the total defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitant-days (DID) of antibiotics in 2016. The total consumption of antibiotics decreased from 6.92 DID in 2012 to 5.61 DID in 2016 (Ptrend = 0.017). Seasonal analysis showed an average of 34.24% antibiotic consumption in the winter over the 5 years. The equation constructed by the ITS analysis was Y = 5.530 + 0.323X1 - 7.574X2 - 0.323X3 + Îµ. CONCLUSION: Between 2012 and 2016, overall antibiotic consumption by community residents in Hefei decreased significantly. The impact of antibiotic policies, implemented between 2011 and 2013, started to appear in 2014 when the consumption of antibiotics decreased. This study has important policy implications for the use of antibiotics at the community level. Further studies on the trends of antibiotic consumption are required, and strategies should be designed to promote appropriate use of antibiotics.

Current status and future prospects of TB digital treatment adherence technology use in China.

BACKGROUND: Digital treatment adherence technologies (DATs) have been recommended by the Chinese National Tuberculosis Programme since 2015. However, until now the extent to which DATs have been adopted in China remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to understand the current status and future prospects of DAT use in China.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to collect data from all 2,884 county-level TB-designated institutions across China using a quantitative questionnaire and extraction of information from the Chinese TB information management system. Data were collected between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021.RESULTS: All of the 2,884 county-level TB-designated institutions responded to the questionnaire. We found that the utilisation rate of DATs in China was 21.5% (n = 620). Among those using DATs, the uptake of DATs among TB patients was 31.0%. Lack of financial, policy and technology support were the main barriers to adoption and scale up DATs at the institution level.CONCLUSIONS: The use of DATs is in an early stage in China; however, the number of institutions who offer DATs have increased significantly after July 2020. To facilitate the use of DATs, the national TB programme should provide more financial, policy and technology support, and a national guideline is required.

[Relationship between nutrient-related dietary pattern and mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people in 15 provinces of China].

Objective: To explore the relationship between nutrient-related dietary pattern and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods: A total of 6 444 middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥55 years were selected in 2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey. MCI was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination, and the intakes of various foods were obtained by consecutive 3-day 24-hour dietary survey and weighing method. The intakes of various nutrients and total dietary energy were calculated based on the food composition table. Demographic and social information, lifestyle and health status of the respondents were obtained through questionnaire survey and physical measurements. In this study, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, iron, copper and selenium were selected as dependent variables. Nutrient-related dietary patterns were extracted by reduced rank regression method, and the relationship between dietary patterns and MCI was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Six dietary patterns were extracted in this study, and dietary pattern 1 with the highest explanatory degree was selected for subsequent analysis. Dietary pattern 1 was characterized by higher intakes of legume products, vegetables, fruits, nuts, pork, aquatic products and plant oil. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI was lower in Q4 dietary score group than in Q1 dietary score group (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98) in the 55-64 age group. In people with sleep duration of 8 hours per day, the risk of MCI was reduced in Q2, Q3 and Q4 dietary score groups compared with the Q1 dietary score group, with OR values of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.51-0.92), 0.67 (95%CI: 0.49-0.92) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.45-0.92), respectively. Interaction analysis showed that the risk for MCI increased in those aged 65-74 years and ≥75 years compared with those aged 55-64 years in Q1 dietary score group. However, the risk for MCI decreased in both age groups as dietary pattern scores increased. Compared with those with sleep duration less or more than 8 hours per day in Q1 dietary score group, those with sleep duration of 8 hours per day in Q2 and Q3 dietary score groups had a reduced risk for MCI. Conclusion: Dietary patterns with higher intakes of legume products, vegetables, fruits, nuts, pork, aquatic products, and plant oil are negatively associated with MCI in people aged 55-64 years and those who slept 8 hours per day, and may reduce the risk of MCI with aging.

Identification and fine mapping of a new bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa43(t), in Zhangpu wild rice (Oryza rufipogon).

Bacterial blight (BB) is currently considered one of the most serious rice diseases and is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Numerous studies have shown that breeding resistant rice varieties is one of the most effective methods to prevent BB, and it is important to identify and isolate more BB resistance (R) genes from different rice resources. Using a map-based approach, we identified a new QTL/gene, Xa43(t), from ZhangPu wild rice, which was highly resistant to the BB isolate PX099. We performed bulked segregant analysis combined with candidate gene prediction to identify the candidate gene. The Xa43(t) gene was narrowed down to a 29-kb region containing four putative genes. More importantly, the candidate gene Xa43(t) did not affect the main agronomic traits of rice. We also identified a widely applicable molecular marker, namely Inde1-18, which co-segregates with the Xa43(t) gene. The Xa43(t) gene is a new broad-spectrum BB resistance gene without identified alleles and has good application prospects for rice disease resistance breeding.

[Efficacy and safety of half-dose rituximab in the treatment of 23 cases with lupus nephritis].

The study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of 23 cases of lupus nephritis and explore the prospect of half-dose rituximab in lupus nephritis treatment. Twenty-three patients with lupus nephritis hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from May 2013 to December 2021 were selected. Eighteen patients received rituximab 375 mg/m2 on the first and 14th days, 5 patients received 500 mg of rituximab on the first and 14th days, and rituximab was used as needed 6 months later. Methylprednisolone (80-120 mg) was given together with rituximab. Afterward, 1 mg/kg prednisone was used for 4 weeks, which was progressively tapered to maintenance doses or discontinued. B lymphocyte level, renal function, 24-h urine protein level, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI2K) score before and after treatment were recorded. The efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed. The results showed that 11 patients suffered from renal insufficiency [creatinine (162.7±58.6) µmol/L ] at baseline, while the creatinine level of 9 patients returned to normal 12 months after the treatment [ (66.3±10.1)µmol/L ]. Normal renal function of the other 12 patients was maintained during treatment. After 12 months, the 24-h urine protein level decreased from 4.00 (2.00,6.80) g in the baseline period to 0.10 (0.08,0.40) g. SLEDAI2K score decreased from 22 (18,26) in the baseline period to 3 (0,6) 12 months after the treatment. The B lymphocyte level reached 0.00 (0.00,0.01)% at 3 months. Of 23 patients, 13 patients achieved complete remission, and 7 patients achieved partial remission after 6 months of rituximab treatment. Five patients experienced adverse reactions related to rituximab, including 1 case of transfusion reaction, 1 case of perioral herpes with pulmonary infection, and 3 cases of decreased IgG levels. Therefore, rituximab regimen used in this study can be an effective treatment strategy for lupus nephritis.

[A clinicopathological classification of space-occupying lesions of the orbit in 1 913 patients from 2000 to 2021].

Objective: To investigate the histopathological classification of orbital space-occupying lesions. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. The clinical and pathological data of 1 913 tissue specimens from 1 913 patients with space-occupying lesions of the orbit which were examined in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2000 to December 2021 were collected. The mass lesions were classified based on histogenesis, pathological nature and age. Results: There were 913 males (47.7%) and 1 000 females (52.3%). The lesions were benign in 1 489 patients (77.8%) and malignant in 424 patients (22.2%). Based on histogenesis, there were 521 vasculogenic lesions (27.2%), which rancked first, 407 cystoid lesions (21.3%), 277 lymphoproliferative lesions (14.5%), 182 lacrimal gland lesions (9.5%) and 121 inflammatory lesions (6.3%). By pathological nature, there were 1 489 benign lesions, including cavernous hemangioma (275, 14.4%), dermoid cyst (225, 11.8%), other hemangiomas (199, 10.4%), epidermoid cyst (136, 7.1%) and benign mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland (134, 7.0%), and 257 malignant lesions, including lymphoma (210, 11.0%) and sebaceous gland carcinoma (47, 2.5%). The age of all patients ranged from 0 to 90 years, while 247 lesions (12.9%) occurred in patients aged 0 to18 years, 1 270 lesions (66.4%) in patients aged 19 to 59 years, and 396 lesions (20.7%) in patients aged 60 to 90 years. Conclusions: In 22 years, almost 2/3 benign orbital lesions in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine occurred in young and middle-aged patients, and males were fewer than females. The most common benign orbital tumors was cavernous hemangioma, followed by dermoid cyst and epidermoid cyst. And the most common malignant orbital tumor was lymphoma, which occurred more frequently in older patients.

Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Stage II Endometrial Cancer: Selective De-intensification of Adjuvant Treatment.

AIMS: Risk stratification, including nodal assessment, allows for selective de-intensification of adjuvant radiotherapy in stage II endometrial cancer. Patterns of treatment and clinical outcomes, including the use of reduced volume 'mini-pelvis' radiotherapy fields, were evaluated in a population-based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients diagnosed with pathological stage II endometrial cancer between 2000 and 2014, and received adjuvant radiotherapy in a regional healthcare jurisdiction were reviewed. Registry data were supplemented by a comprehensive review of patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment details. The Charlson Comorbidity Score was calculated. Survival and recurrence data were analysed. RESULTS: In total, 264 patients met the inclusion criteria. Most patients had endometrioid histology (83%); 41% of patients had International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians grade 1 disease. Half (49%) had surgical nodal evaluation; 11% received chemotherapy. Most patients (59%) were treated with full pelvic radiotherapy fields ± brachytherapy. Seventeen per cent of patients received mini-pelvis radiotherapy ± brachytherapy, whereas 24% received brachytherapy alone. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 87% for the entire cohort, with no significant difference by adjuvant radiotherapy approach. Only one patient receiving mini-pelvis radiotherapy ± brachytherapy recurred in the pelvis but outside of the mini-pelvis field. Recorded late toxicity rates were highest for full pelvis radiotherapy + brachytherapy. CONCLUSION: Risk stratification in a real-world setting allowed for selective de-intensification of adjuvant radiation with equivalent outcomes for stage II endometrial cancer. Mini-pelvis radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy is effective in highly selected patients, with the potential to decrease toxicity without compromising local control. Brachytherapy should be considered in low-risk stage II patients.

[Analysis of the current status and related factors of human papillomavirus infection among community-dwelling women aged 18-24 years without a history of vaccination in Shanghai City].

Objective: To understand the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women without a history of vaccination in Shanghai, and analyze the related factors of HPV infection in this population. Methods: A total of 2 660 women aged 18-24 years old who had made an appointment for HPV vaccine at 36 community health service centers in Shanghai from July 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Basic information (including demographic characteristics, previous disease history, female menstrual and reproductive history, sexual life history, etc.) was collected by a self-filling electronic questionnaire. Cervical secretions were detected by HPV nucleic acid typing. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in the target population. Results: The age of the subjects was (23±1) years old, and the infection rate of HPV was 14.51% (386 cases), among which the infection rates of HR-HPV and low-risk HPV were 13.53% (360 cases) and 1.84% (49 cases), respectively. The main subtypes of HR-HPV infection were HPV52, 16, 58, 39 and 66. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the control group, the OR (95%CI) values for HR-HPV infection in the group of married, earned less than 2 000 yuan/month, drank alcohol occasionally, gynecological disease history, had two or more sexual partners in the past year, and did not know whether the partners had other sexual partners were 0.41 (0.25-0.66), 0.39 (0.21-0.70), 1.45 (1.13-1.86), 1.29 (1.00-1.66), 2.18-5.18 (1.02-16.05), and 1.82 (1.31-2.54), respectively. Conclusion: The infection rate of HPV among women aged 18-24 years old in Shanghai remains at a high level. The main subtypes of HR-HPV infection are HPV52, 16, 58, 39 and 66. The marital status, economic income level, drinking status, gynecological disease history and sexual life history are related to HR-HPV infection.

[Association between fasting plasma glucose and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese 55 and older population from four provinces].

Objective: To analyze the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population from four provinces. Methods: Data were drawn from the baseline data of the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease 2018-2019. We selected 3 272 subjects aged 55 and above with completed information on demographics, lifestyle, disease history, cognitive test, psychological assessment, and bio-chemistries measurement, and who were capable of performing basic activities of daily living but without Alzheimer's disease during recruitment. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between FPG and MCI. Results: Median level of FPG in the study population was 5.5 mmol/L. The prevalence of MCI was 24.8%, and those in groups of the FPG quintile were 19.4%, 22.2%, 29.2%, 26.6%, and 26.1%, respectively, which significantly increased the trend (P=0.002). After adjustment of confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the MCI risk of subjects in the Q3,Q4 and Q5 groups was 1.641 (95%CI: 1.226-2.131), 1.373 (95%CI: 1.036-1.825), 1.402 (95%CI: 1.054-1.871) times as high as that in the Q1 group, respectively. Conclusion: High FPG level might serve as a risk factor for MCI in the middle-aged and elderly population, suggesting the importance of monitoring and controlling plasma glucose even without diabetes.