Identifying priority double-duty actions to tackle the double burden of malnutrition in infants and young children in Peru: Assessment and prioritisation of government actions by national experts.

Multiple forms of malnutrition coexist in infants and young children (IYC) in Peru. The World Health Organization has proposed double-duty actions (DDAs) to simultaneously address undernutrition and overweight/obesity. We assessed current implementation of- and priority for- government-level actions to tackle multiple forms of malnutrition in IYC in Peru. Mapping of current policy activity was undertaken against 47 indicators of good practice for five DDAs (exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, food marketing, maternal nutrition, preschool nutrition; assessed by 27 indicators) and for the enabling policy environment, i.e., 'infrastructure support' (health in all policies, platforms for interactions, financing, monitoring, governance, leadership; assessed by 20 indicators). Interviews with 16 national experts explored views on the level of and barriers to implementation of DDAs and infrastructure support, as well as their prioritisation based on likely impact and feasibility. The level of implementation of actions was categorised into two groups (agenda setting/formulation vs. implementation/evaluation). Mean scores were generated for prioritisation of DDAs and infrastructure support. Deductive qualitative analysis was undertaken to identify barriers that influence policy implementation. Only 5/27 DDA indicators were reported as fully implemented by all national experts (international code that regulates the marketing of breastmilk substitutes, iron supplementation for IYC, micronutrient powders in IYC, iron/folic acid supplementation in pregnant women, paid maternity leave). Only 1/20 infrastructure support indicator (access to nutrition information) was rated as fully implemented by all experts. Barriers to implementing DDAs and infrastructure support included: legal feasibility or lack of regulations, inadequate monitoring/evaluation to ensure enforcement, commercial influences on policymakers, insufficient resources, shifting public health priorities with the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability. The experts prioritised 12 indicators across all five DDAs and eight infrastructure support indicators. Experts highlighted the need to improve implementation of all DDAs and identified ways to strengthen the enabling policy environment.

Fall and its association with the frailty syndrome in the elderly: systematic review with meta-analysis / Caída y su asociación con el síndrome de la fragilidad en el adulto mayor: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Queda e sua associação à síndrome da fragilidade no idoso: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of falls and frailty syndrome and the association between these two syndromes in the elderly population. METHOD Systematic review, without restriction of dates, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and in the SciElo virtual library. The association between both variables was extracted from the studies (Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals). RESULTS The review included 19 studies published between 2001 and 2015. The prevalence of falls in the frail elderly population was between 6.7% and 44%; in the pre-frail, between 10.0% and 52.0%, and in the non-frail, between 7.6% and 90.4%. The association between both variables presented a value of OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.51-2.13). CONCLUSION There is evidence that falls are associated to the frailty in the elderly. Other factors may influence this association, such as age, sex, data collection instrument of the studies, place where they live and the process of senescence.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la prevalencia de caídas y el síndrome de la fragilidad y la asociación entre ambos síndromes en la población mayor. MÉTODO Revisión sistemática, sin restricción de fechas, en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español, en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS y en la biblioteca virtual SciElo. La asociación entre ambas variables fue extraída de los propios artículos (Odds Ratio y los Intervalos de Confianza del 95%). RESULTADOS Fueron incluidos en la revisión 19 artículos publicados entre 2001 y 2015. La prevalencia de caída en el anciano frágil estuvo entre el 6,7% y el 44%; en los pre frágiles, entre el 10,0% y el 52,0%; y en los no frágiles, entre el 7,6% y el 90,4%. La asociación entre ambas variables presentó el valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSIÓN Hay evidencias de que la caída está asociada con la fragilidad del anciano. Otros factores pueden influenciar dicha asociación, tales como edad, sexo, instrumento de recolección de datos de los estudios, sitio en donde vive y el proceso mismo de ancianidad.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência de quedas e da síndrome da fragilidade e a associação entre essas duas síndromes na população idosa. MÉTODO Revisão sistemática, sem restrição de datas, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca virtual SciElo. A associação entre ambas as variáveis foi extraída dos próprios artigos (Odds Ratio e os Intervalos de Confiança de 95%). RESULTADOS Foram incluídos na revisão 19 artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2015. A prevalência de queda no idoso frágil esteve entre 6,7% e 44%; nos pré-frágeis, entre 10,0% e 52,0%, e nos não frágeis, entre 7,6% e 90,4%. A associação entre ambas as variáveis apresentou o valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSÃO Há evidências de que a queda está associada à fragilidade do idoso. Outros fatores podem influenciar essa associação, como idade, sexo, instrumento de coleta de dados dos estudos, local onde vive e o próprio processo de senescência.

Fall and its association with the frailty syndrome in the elderly: systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of falls and frailty syndrome and the association between these two syndromes in the elderly population. METHOD: Systematic review, without restriction of dates, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and in the SciElo virtual library. The association between both variables was extracted from the studies (Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals). RESULTS: The review included 19 studies published between 2001 and 2015. The prevalence of falls in the frail elderly population was between 6.7% and 44%; in the pre-frail, between 10.0% and 52.0%, and in the non-frail, between 7.6% and 90.4%. The association between both variables presented a value of OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.51-2.13). CONCLUSION: There is evidence that falls are associated to the frailty in the elderly. Other factors may influence this association, such as age, sex, data collection instrument of the studies, place where they live and the process of senescence. OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de quedas e da síndrome da fragilidade e a associação entre essas duas síndromes na população idosa. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática, sem restrição de datas, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca virtual SciElo. A associação entre ambas as variáveis foi extraída dos próprios artigos (Odds Ratio e os Intervalos de Confiança de 95%). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na revisão 19 artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2015. A prevalência de queda no idoso frágil esteve entre 6,7% e 44%; nos pré-frágeis, entre 10,0% e 52,0%, e nos não frágeis, entre 7,6% e 90,4%. A associação entre ambas as variáveis apresentou o valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSÃO: Há evidências de que a queda está associada à fragilidade do idoso. Outros fatores podem influenciar essa associação, como idade, sexo, instrumento de coleta de dados dos estudos, local onde vive e o próprio processo de senescência.