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1.
Neuroscience ; 155(1): 317-25, 2008 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18571332

RESUMEN

The rostral fastigial nucleus (RFN) of the cerebellum is thought to play an important role in postural control, and recent studies in conscious nonhuman primates suggest that this region also participates in the sensory processing required to compute body motion in space. The goal of the present study was to examine the dynamic and spatial responses to sinusoidal rotations in vertical planes of RFN neurons in conscious cats, and determine if they are similar to responses reported for monkeys. Approximately half of the RFN neurons examined were classified as graviceptive, since their firing was synchronized with stimulus position and the gain of their responses was relatively unaffected by the frequency of the tilts. The large majority (80%) of graviceptive RFN neurons were activated by pitch rotations. Most of the remaining RFN units exhibited responses to vertical oscillations that encoded stimulus velocity, and approximately 50% of these velocity units had a response vector orientation aligned near the plane of a single vertical semicircular canal. Unlike in primates, few feline RFN neurons had responses to vertical rotations that suggested integration of graviceptive (otolith) and velocity (vertical semicircular canal) signals. These data indicate that the physiological role of the RFN may differ between primates and lower mammals. The RFN in rats and cats in known to be involved in adjusting blood pressure and breathing during postural alterations in the transverse (pitch) plane. The relatively simple responses of many RFN neurons in cats are appropriate for triggering such compensatory autonomic responses.


Asunto(s)
Núcleos Cerebelosos/citología , Neuronas/fisiología , Rotación , Percepción Espacial/fisiología , Aceleración , Animales , Gatos , Femenino , Percepción de Movimiento , Membrana Otolítica/inervación , Estimulación Física , Psicofísica , Canales Semicirculares/inervación , Vigilia
2.
Exp Brain Res ; 188(2): 175-86, 2008 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18368395

RESUMEN

Although many previous experiments have considered the responses of vestibular nucleus neurons to rotations and translations of the head, little data are available regarding cells in the caudalmost portions of the vestibular nuclei (CVN), which mediate vestibulo-autonomic responses among other functions. This study examined the responses of CVN neurons of conscious cats to rotations in vertical planes, both before and after a bilateral vestibular neurectomy. None of the units included in the data sample had eye movement-related activity. In labyrinth-intact animals, some CVN neurons (22%) exhibited graviceptive responses consistent with inputs from otolith organs, but most (55%) had dynamic responses with phases synchronized with stimulus velocity. Furthermore, the large majority of CVN neurons had response vector orientations that were aligned either near the roll or vertical canal planes, and only 18% of cells were preferentially activated by pitch rotations. Sustained head-up rotations of the body provide challenges to the cardiovascular system and breathing, and thus the response dynamics of the large majority of CVN neurons were dissimilar to those of posturally-related autonomic reflexes. These data suggest that vestibular influences on autonomic control mediated by the CVN are more complex than previously envisioned, and likely involve considerable processing and integration of signals by brainstem regions involved in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation. Following a bilateral vestibular neurectomy, CVN neurons regained spontaneous activity within 24 h, and a very few neurons (<10%) responded to vertical tilts <15 degrees in amplitude. These findings indicate that nonlabyrinthine inputs are likely important in sustaining the activity of CVN neurons; thus, these inputs may play a role in functional recovery following peripheral vestibular lesions.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Vías Autónomas/fisiología , Oído Interno/fisiología , Neuronas/fisiología , Nervio Vestibular/fisiología , Núcleos Vestibulares/fisiología , Animales , Tronco Encefálico/anatomía & histología , Tronco Encefálico/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Gatos , Estado de Conciencia/fisiología , Desnervación , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Orientación/fisiología , Propiocepción/fisiología , Recuperación de la Función/fisiología , Reflejo/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Respiratorios , Rotación , Nervio Vestibular/cirugía , Núcleos Vestibulares/anatomía & histología
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