Evaluation of the cross-protection of the Vero cell-derived attenuated influenza vaccines with compound adjuvant, through intranasal immunization.

This study was to evaluate the sufficient safety and effect of the novel influenza vaccine program. It prepared new reassortant influenza virus, with high yield on Vero cells. According to the plaque counting, one dose LAIV was composed with 105 PFU of H1, H3, BY, and BV, respectively. Then mixed this LAIV with compound adjuvant, containing 500 µg/mL of carbopol971P and 50 µg/mL of tetanus toxin. That vaccination was called catt-flu. And it employed the GYZZ02 vaccine (commercialized freeze-dried LAIV, listed in China) as cohort analysis control. All mice received two doses of the vaccine, administered on days 0 and 14, respectively. That catt-flu program could induce more cross-protection with neutralizing antibody against heterogeneous types of influenza virus, not only based on HA but also NA protective antigen, through convenient nasal immunization, which had non-inferiority titter compared with the chicken embryo-derived GYZZ02 vaccine on safe and effect. The Vero cell-derived vaccine (LAIV) combined compound catt adjuvant (contain carbopol971P and tetanus toxin) could provide another safety and protective program of influenza vaccine by intranasal administration, as catt-flu program.

Regulatory effect of retinoid X receptor on oxidative stress response in-duced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in rat type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the regulatory role of retinoid X receptor(RXR)in oxidative stress response of rat type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells(AECII)induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation(HR).METHODS:The AECII were di-vided into control(C)group,HR group,HR+solvent dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group(HD group),HR+RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid(9-RA)group(RA group),and HR+RXR antagonist HX531 group(HX group).Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to measure the cell viability.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of surfactant protein A(SP-A)and RXRα in AECII.Kits were detected to the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in cells.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of the cells.Western blot was used to detect the protein level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2).RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of Nrf2 mRNA.RESULTS:Compared with C group,the cell viability and SOD activity in HR,HD,RA and HX groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05),the MDA content were increased significantly(P<0.05),the Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the immuno-fluorescence expression of RXRα was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with HR and HX groups,the cells in RA group showed significantly increased cell viability(P<0.05),increased SOD activity(P<0.05),decreased MDA con-tent(P<0.05),increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels(P<0.01),and significantly increased immunofluo-rescence expression of RXRα(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Hypoxia/reoxygenation can aggravate the oxidative stress re-sponse of rat AECII,and RXR agonist intervention can alleviate HR-induced rat AECII injury by inhibiting oxidative stress.

Systematic review of therapeutic effect of taohua decoction on ulcerative colitis / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Taohua Decoction in treating ulcerative colitis.Methods Searching CNKI,Wanfang,Weipu,China Biomedical Database,PubMed,Web of science,and Cochrane library,Screening literature and collecting literature related information.Using Review Manager 5.3 to evaluate the risk of bias and systematically evaluate efficacy indicators.Results A total of 546 articles were retrieved,and 16 were eventually included after censoring and screening.Meta analysis showed that total clinical effective rate:RR=1.19,95%CI:1.14-1.24,P<0.001.Colonoscopy score:MD=-0.61,95%CI:-1.11--0.11,P=0.02.Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α:MD=-22.18,95%CI:-36.70--7.66,P=0.003.C-reactive protein:MD=-10.85,95%CI:-30.48-8.77,P=0.28.Incidence of adverse reactions:RR=0.40,95%CI:0.24-0.65,P<0.001.Conclusion The total clinical effective rate,colonoscopy score,TNF-α and incidence of adverse reactions of Taohua Decoction in treating ulcerative colitis was superior to that in the control group.There was no significant difference between Taohua Decoction and the control group in reducing C-reactive protein.

Nanomaterial-based Therapeutics for Biofilm-generated Bacterial Infections / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Bacterial biofilms gave rise to persistent infections and multi-organ failure, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. Biofilms were formed by cross-linking of hydrophobic extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA, which were synthesized by bacteria themselves after adhesion and colonization on biological surfaces. They had the characteristics of dense structure, high adhesiveness and low drug permeability, and had been found in many human organs or tissues, such as the brain, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and skeleton. By releasing pro-inflammatory bacterial metabolites including endotoxins, exotoxins and interleukin, biofilms stimulated the body’s immune system to secrete inflammatory factors. These factors triggered local inflammation and chronic infections. Those were the key reason for the failure of traditional clinical drug therapy for infectious diseases.In order to cope with the increasingly severe drug-resistant infections, it was urgent to develop new therapeutic strategies for bacterial-biofilm eradication and anti-bacterial infections. Based on the nanoscale structure and biocompatible activity, nanobiomaterials had the advantages of specific targeting, intelligent delivery, high drug loading and low toxicity, which could realize efficient intervention and precise treatment of drug-resistant bacterial biofilms. This paper highlighted multiple strategies of biofilms eradication based on nanobiomaterials. For example, nanobiomaterials combined with EPS degrading enzymes could be used for targeted hydrolysis of bacterial biofilms, and effectively increased the drug enrichment within biofilms. By loading quorum sensing inhibitors, nanotechnology was also an effective strategy for eradicating bacterial biofilms and recovering the infectious symptoms. Nanobiomaterials could intervene the bacterial metabolism and break the bacterial survival homeostasis by blocking the uptake of nutrients. Moreover, energy-driven micro-nano robotics had shown excellent performance in active delivery and biofilm eradication. Micro-nano robots could penetrate physiological barriers by exogenous or endogenous driving modes such as by biological or chemical methods, ultrasound, and magnetic field, and deliver drugs to the infection sites accurately. Achieving this using conventional drugs was difficult. Overall, the paper described the biological properties and drug-resistant molecular mechanisms of bacterial biofilms, and highlighted therapeutic strategies from different perspectives by nanobiomaterials, such as dispersing bacterial mature biofilms, blocking quorum sensing, inhibiting bacterial metabolism, and energy driving penetration. In addition, we presented the key challenges still faced by nanobiomaterials in combating bacterial biofilm infections. Firstly, the dense structure of EPS caused biofilms spatial heterogeneity and metabolic heterogeneity, which created exacting requirements for the design, construction and preparation process of nanobiomaterials. Secondly, biofilm disruption carried the risk of spread and infection the pathogenic bacteria, which might lead to other infections. Finally, we emphasized the role of nanobiomaterials in the development trends and translational prospects in biofilm treatment.

Survey on the home environmental hazards related to falls of the elderly in Changning District, Shanghai / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the current situation of home environment safety of the elderly in Changning District, identify the risk factors related to the fall of the home environment of the elderly, and take targeted rectification measures, so as to create a safer environment for the elderly. Methods A phased random sampling method was used to select 201 elderly households from 10 streets in Changning District. Community doctors conducted on-the-spot investigation and assessment to collect information, and Epidata3.1 was used to input data and SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of falls in the past year was 19.90%, and the score of environmental risk factors/the number of environmental risk factors in each family ranged from 0 to 25, with an average of 9 items (standard deviation of 4.71). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis show that the high level of falling environment (the number of falling risk factors in home environment ≥12) is still an independent risk factor for falls of the elderly, except for the influence of age and the number of drugs taken (OR=3.835, 95% CI:1.718-8.561). Conclusion The environmental risk factors causing falls are common in the home environment of the elderly in the community. It is necessary to focus on improving the home environment, reducing the risk of falls for the elderly, and creating a safe and comfortable home environment for the elderly.

Pharmacodynamic Substances in Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Epimedii Folium and Epimedii Wushanensis Folium Based on Chemical Fingerprint-cell Metabolomics Correlation Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo determine the pharmacodynamic substance basis of Epimedii Folium（EF） and Epimedii Wushanensis Folium（EWF） in promoting osteogenic differentiation， and to establish a method to analyze the material basis of Chinese materia medica based on the correlation between chemical fingerprint and cellular metabolomics. MethodThe chemical fingerprints of 15 batches of EF with 4 species and 3 batches of EWF were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS）， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） was used to analyze the peak areas of chemical fingerprints of samples. The effects of different samples on proliferative activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors， as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase（ALP） in osteoblasts were detected by cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. At the same time， UPLC-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to analyze the effects of different samples on the metabolomics of MC3T3-E1 cells， then metabolic peak table of osteogenic differentiation cells was constructed， and pharmacodynamic index mean Y0 was introduced into the peak table. PLS was used to calculate mean Y0 of each group， and the mean Y0 was added to the peak table of chemical fingerprint to construct the correlation between chemical fingerprint and cell metabolome， the pharmacodynamic components of EF and EWF that promote bone differentiation were screened according to variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. The pharmacodynamic effects of EF and EWF were evaluated according to the mean Y0 of each group. ResultThe chemical fingerprints of EF with different origins and EWF were completely separated. Compared with the blank group， the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells in EF and EWF groups was significantly increased， the activity of ALP in the Epimedium brevicornu（Gansu province）， E. koreanum and E. pubescens groups was significantly increased（P<0.05）. The results of cell metabolomics showed that the blank group and the model group had an obvious trend of separation. EF with different origins and EWF had different distance from the model group， indicating that EF with different origins and EWF had different effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation. Chemical fingerprint-cell metabolomics integration analysis screened 9 components closely related to the efficacy of EF and EWF， including diphylloside B， epimedin C， icariin， baohuoside Ⅰ， yinyanghuo B， β-anhydroicaritin， magnoflorine， cryptochlorogenic acid and quercetin. E. koreanum had the strongest effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation. ConclusionThis study determined that the material basis of EF and EWF promoting osteogenic differentiation were mostly flavonoids， alkaloids and organic acids， which provided ideas and methods for the screening of pharmacodynamic components and the prediction of therapeutic effect of Chinese materia medica.

Research on the status and risk factors of cognitive function among nursing home population in Changning District, Shanghai / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in the nursing home population in Changning District, Shanghai. Methods In this study, random cluster sampling method was used to select 570 elderly people from 5 nursing homes in Changning District. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors influencing cognitive function. Results The total prevalence of cognitive impairment in Changning nursing home population was 22.5%. The prevalence rates of ≤80 and >80 age groups were 16.8% and 23.9%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of men and women were 19.2% and 23.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 80 years old (OR=1.839, 95% CI: 1.045~3.235), no habit of reading book or newspaper (OR=2.087, 95%CI: 1.282~3.398), limitation of daily activity ability (OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.023~2.431), and having depressive symptoms (OR=2.809, 95% CI: 1.840~4.288) were all influencing factors for cognitive impairment. Conclusion More than one fifth of elderly people in nursing homes in Changning District have symptoms of cognitive impairment. It is necessary to carry out routine cognitive assessment and appropriate cognitive intervention for the nursing home population to reduce the health and economic losses caused by cognitive impairment.

Hypoxic Preconditioning Enhances Cellular Viability and Migratory Ability: Role of DANCR/miR-656-3p/HIF-1α Axis in Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension, albuminuria, or end-stage organ dysfunction, which is seriously harmful to maternal and infant health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from extraembryonic mesoderm. They have the potential for self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration. Several in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that MSCs can delay the pathological progression of PE and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the major limitations in the application of MSCs are their low-survival rates in ischemic and hypoxic disease areas after transplantation and their low rate of successful migration to the diseased regions. Therefore, enhancing cell viability and migration ability of MSCs in both ischemic and anoxic environments is important. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the viability and migration ability of placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) and their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we found that hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the viability and migration ability of PMSCs, increased the expression of DANCR and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and decreased the expression of miR-656-3p in PMSCs. Inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α and DACNR in PMSCs under hypoxia can inhibit the promotive effect of hypoxic preconditioning on viability and migration ability. In addition, RNA pull down and double luciferase assays confirmed that miR-656-3p could directly bind to DANCR and HIF-1α. In conclusion, our study showed that hypoxia could promote the viability and migration ability of PMSCs through the DANCR/miR-656-3p/HIF-1α axis.

Mediating a host cell signaling pathway linked to overwinter mortality offers a promising therapeutic approach for improving bee health.

INTRODUCTION: Honey bees provides valuable pollination services for world food crops and wild flowering plants which are habitats of many animal species and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. Nevertheless, the honey bee population has been declining and the majority of colony losses occur during the winter. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms underlying overwinter colony losses and develop novel therapeutic strategies for improving bee health. METHODS: First, pathogen prevalence in overwintering bees were screened between 2015 and 2018. Second, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) for transcriptional profiling of overwintering honey bees was conducted and qRT-PCR was performed to confirm the results of the differential expression of selected genes. Lastly, laboratory bioassays were conducted to measure the effects of cold challenges on bee survivorship and stress responses and to assess the effect of a novel medication for alleviating cold stress in honey bees. RESULTS: We identified that sirtuin signaling pathway is the most significantly enriched pathway among the down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in overwintering diseased bees. Moreover, we showed that the expression of SIRT1 gene, a major sirtuin that regulates energy and immune metabolism, was significantly downregulated in bees merely exposed to cold challenges, linking cold stress with altered gene expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of SIRT1 gene expression by SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1 expression, could improve the physiology and extend the lifespan of cold-stressed bees. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that increased energy consumption of overwintering bees for maintaining hive temperature reduces the allocation of energy toward immune functions, thus making the overwintering bees more susceptible to disease infections and leading to high winter colony losses. The novel information gained from this study provides a promising avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for mitigating colony losses, both overwinter and annually.

Analysis of copy number variation in AZF region of Y chromosome in patients with spermatogenic failure / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the characteristics of copy number variation (CNV) within the Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) region in patients with spermatogenesis disorders in the Shenzhen area.@*METHODS@#A total of 123 patients with spermatogenesis disorders who had visited Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2016 to October 2022 (including 73 patients with azoospermia and 50 patients with oligozoospermia) and 100 normal semen males were selected as the study subjects. The AZF region was detected with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and the correlation between the CNV in the AZF region and spermatogenesis disorders was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.@*RESULTS@#19 CNV were detected among 53 patients from the 223 samples, including 20 cases (27.40%, 20/73) from the azoospermia group, 19 cases (38%, 19/50) from the oligozoospermia group, and 14 cases (14%, 14/100) from the normal control group. In the azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and normal control groups, the detection rates for CNV related to the AZFa region (including AZFab and AZFabc) were 5.48% (4/73), 2.00% (1/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for the AZFb region (including the AZFbc region) were 6.85% (5/73), 0 (0/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for gr/gr deletions in the AZFc region were 2.74% (2/73), 6.00% (3/50), and 9.00% (9/100), respectively, and those for b2/b4 deletions in the AZFc region were 2.74% (2/73), 10.00% (5/50), and 0 (0/100), respectively. The detection rates for complex rearrangements in the AZFc region were 6.85% (5/73), 18.00% (9/50), and 3.00% (3/100), respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the detection rate of gr/gr deletions between the three groups (Fisher's Exact Test value = 2.712, P = 0.249); the differences in the detection rate of b2/b4 deletions between the three groups were statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Test value = 9.489, P = 0.002); the differences in the detection rate of complex rearrangements in the AZFc region between the three groups were statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Test value = 9.493, P = 0.006). In this study, a rare AZFa region ARSLP1 gene deletion (involving SY86 deletion) was detected in a patient with oligozoospermia.@*CONCLUSION@#CNV in the AZFa and AZFb regions have a severe impact on spermatogenesis, but partial deletion in the AZFa region (ARSLP1 gene deletion) has a minor impact on spermatogenesis. The b2/b4 deletion and complex rearrangement in the AZFc region may be risk factors for male infertility. The gr/gr deletion may not serve as a risk factor for male infertility in the Shenzhen area.

Analysis on the Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease at Different Ages / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To collect information from the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and to observe the characteristics of their Chinese medicine syndrome factor at different ages,to provide an objective basis for the Chinese medicine treatment of patients with CHD at different ages.Methods The TCM Four Diagnostic Information Collection Scale for CHD developed by the group was used to collect the four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease,and the syndrome elements were extracted according to the syndrome differentiation standard to observe the distribution of syndrome elements at different ages.Results CHD is located in the heart and accompanied by liver,kidney,stomach,lung and other organs.Qi deficiency is the most common syndrome factor,followed by phlegm turbidity,yin deficiency,blood stasis and qi stagnation.Among the syndrome elements of disease location,the heart and liver were the most common in the young group,and the heart and kidney were more common in the middle-aged group and the elderly group.Among the syndrome elements of disease nature,qi deficiency was more common in the young group,phlegm turbidity and qi stagnation were more common in the empirical group,and qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity were the most frequent.In the middle-aged group,qi deficiency was more common in deficiency syndrome,phlegm turbidity and blood stasis were more common in excess syndrome,and the frequency of qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis was the highest.In the elderly group,qi deficiency and yin deficiency were more common in deficiency syndrome,phlegm turbidity and blood stasis were more common in excess syndrome,and qi and yin deficiency combined with phlegm turbidity and blood stasis had the highest frequency.Conclusion The combination of syndrome elements in patients with CHD in different age groups has its own characteristics.The young,middle and elderly groups are all visible in the mixture of deficiency and excess,while the young group is the most common with qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity,the middle-aged group is the most common with qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis,and the elderly group is the most common with qi and yin deficiency and phlegm turbidity and blood stasis.With the increase of age,the complexity of the combination of syndrome elements is higher.

The relationship between sleep arousal, ambulatory blood pressure and heart failure in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between sleep arousal, ambulatory blood pressure and new-onset heart failure(NOHF)in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods:A total of 584 elderly patients with OSA who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital between March 2015 and March 2019 were prospectively and consecutively selected, with a mean age of(70.1±7.2)years.Polysomnography(PSG)results were obtained at baseline, and the arousal index(AI)was calculated.Based on the quartiles of AI, patients were divided into 4 groups: a low-level group(AI<18.4/h, 186 cases), a low-medium level group(18.4-29.1/h, 177 cases), a medium-high level group(29.2-41.2/h, 137 cases)and a high-level group(>41.2 /h, 84 cases). Participants were followed up for 18 months, the results of ambulatory blood pressure were recorded and compared, and the relationship between AI and the risk of NOHF was analyzed.Results:Compared with the low-level group, patients in the low-medium, medium-high, and high-level groups were older(70.1, 70.3, 73.3 vs.68.7 years, F=2.726, P=0.043)and had more smokers(43.8%, 49.6%, 54.8% vs.38.2%, χ2=8.809, P=0.032), a larger body mass index(26.3, 26.7, 27.6 vs.25.4 kg/m 2, F=2.731, P=0.042), a higher Epworth sleepiness scale score(7.83, 8.50, 9.91 vs.7.64, F=5.124, P=0.018), a higher apnea hypopnea index(23.5, 34.8, 52.7 vs.17.6, F=5.632, P=0.007), lower nocturnal oxygen saturation(80.2, 75.3, 72.1 vs.83.7 mmHg, F=4.811, P=0.024), and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels(317.5, 337.5, 359.2 vs.267.5 pg/L, F=4.307, P=0.033). At the median follow-up(18 months, 14-24 months), the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed that 24-hour systolic blood pressure(24 h SBP)(147.3, 148.6, 156.2 vs.143.8 mmHg, F=5.4311, P=0.013), 24-hour diastolic blood pressure(24 h DBP)(80.1, 79.5, 83.7 vs.76.5 mmHg, F=5.679, P=0.011)in the low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups were higher than those in the low-level group.The results of survival analysis showed that there were 75(12.8%)cases of NOHF, mostly with preserved ejection fraction(47 cases)or mid-range ejection fraction heart failure(20 cases). The incidences of NOHF were 6.5%, 12.4%, 16.1% and 22.4%, respectively for the low level, low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups, and the risk of NOHF in the low-medium, medium-high and high-level groups was significantly higher than in the low level group(log-rank χ2=11.624, P=0.007). Variables with P<0.2 in the univariate analysis, age and sex were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.The results showed that age( HR=1.724, 95% CI: 1.216-3.135), diabetes( HR=1.514, 95% CI: 1.127-3.058), NT proBNP( HR=1.517, 95% CI: 1.232-2.366), nocturnal diastolic blood pressure( HR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.332-4.638), and middle-high AI level( HR=1.611, 95% CI: 1.204-2.967)and high AI level( HR=1.863, 95% CI: 1.272-3.538)were independent factors of NOHF in elderly OSA patients. Conclusions:Sleep arousal in elderly patients with OSA increases blood pressure levels and the risk of NOHF.

Effect of solution-focused brief therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with HIV/AIDS:a meta-analy-sis / 中华护理杂志

Objective Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the solution-focused brief therapy on im-proving the anxiety and depression status of patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods Computer search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China Na-tional Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,CQVIP were conducted,and the search time frame was from the establishment of databases until April 9,2023.There were 2 investigators who independently screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted data and performed quality evaluation,and performed Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 11 publications were included,including 9 randomized controlled trials and 2 quasi-experimental studies,with a total of 1 219 patients with HIV/AIDS.Meta-analysis re-sults showed that solution-focused brief therapy reduced anxiety scores(SMD=-1.89;95%CI:-2.79～-0.99,P＜0.001),depression scores(SMD=-2.45;95%CI:-3.51～-1.39,P＜0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that improved anxiety(SMD=-4.16;95%CI:-7.97～-0.35,P＜0.001),depression(SMD=-5.69;95%CI:-11.20～-0.19,P＜0.001)in pregnant HIV/AIDS patients was significantly better than that in ordinary patients.Conclusion Solution-focused brief therapy is effective in improving anxiety and depression levels in patients with HIV/AIDS,and the application of this model in pregnant patients with HIV/AIDS has a more significant improvement effect,but high-quality,multicenter,large-sample clinical trial studies are needed to further confirm this conclusion in the future.

Clinical and etiological characteristics of infectious vulvovaginitis in children in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2019 / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, common pathogens in children with vulvovaginitis. Methods: This was a retrospective cases study. A total of 3 268 children with vulvovaginitis were enrolled, who visited the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the age of <7, 7-<10 and 10-18 years. Patients were also divided in to 4 groups according to the season of first visit. The pathogen distribution characteristics of infective vulvovaginitis were compared between the groups. Their clinical data were collected and then analyzed by χ2 test. Results: The were 3 268 girls aged (6.2±2.5) years. There were 1 728 cases (52.9%) aged <7 years, 875 cases (26.8%) aged 7-<10 years, and 665 cases (20.3%) aged 10-18 years. Of these cases, 2 253 cases (68.9%) were bacterial vulvovaginitis, 715 cases (21.9%) were fungal vulvovaginitis and 300 cases (9.2%) were vulvovaginitis infected with other pathogens. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was performed in 2 287 cases, and 2 287 strains (70.0%) of pathogens were detected, of which the top 5 pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes (745 strains, 32.6%), Haemophilus influenzae (717 strains, 31.4%), Escherichia coli (292 strains, 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (222 strains, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (67 strains, 2.9%). Regarding different age groups, H.influenzae was the most common in children under 7 years of age (40.3%, 509/1 263), S.pyogenes (41.9%, 356/849) was predominantly in children aged 7 to 10 years, and E.coli was predominant in children aged 10 to 18 years (26.3%, 46/175). Susceptibility results showed that S.pyogenes was susceptible to penicillin G (610/610, 100.0%), ceftriaxone (525/525, 100.0%), and vancomycin (610/610, 100.0%); the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 91.9% (501/545)and 90.7% (495/546), respectively. For H.influenzae, 32.5% (161/496) produced β-elactamase, and all strains were sensitive to meropenem (489/489, 100.0%) and levofloxacin (388/388, 100.0%), while 40.5% (202/499) were resistant to ampicillin. Among E.coli, all strains were sensitive to imipenem(100%, 175/175). The resistance rates of E.coli to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone were 29.1% (43/148) and 35.1% (59/168), respectively. A total of 48 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated with a proportion of 28.3% (45/159) in 3 268 patients. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that all MRSA strains were sensitive to linezolid 100.0% (40/40), vancomycin (45/45, 100.0%), and tigecycline (36/36, 100.0%); the resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 100% (45/45), 95.6% (43/45) and 88.9% (40/45), respectively. All methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains were sensitive to oxacillin (114/114, 100.0%), linezolid (94/94, 100.0%), vancomycin (114/114, 100.0%), and tigecycline (84/84, 100.0%); it's resistance rates to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 78.1% (89/114), 59.7% (68/114) and 46.5% (53/114), respectively. The drug resistance rate of MSSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were lower than those of MRSA (χ²=11.71,19.74,23.95, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusions: The age of consultation for pediatric infectious vulvovaginitis is mainly around 6 years. The most common pathogens are S.pyogenes, H.influenzae and Escherichia coli. Third generation cephalosporins can be used as the first choice of empirical anti-infection drugs. However, the results of drug susceptibility should be considered for targeted treatment.

Effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction on mitochondrial structure and function of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction (GPXJY) on the structure and function of mitochondria of human hepatoma cell HepG2 cells and explore its possible mechanism. Methods CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Mito-Tracker Green fluorescence staining was used to observe the mitochondrial structure, flow cytometry was used to detect the membrane potential, Elisa was used to detect the ATP content, fluoroscopic electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure changes, and high-content screening(HCS) was used to detect the related proteins. Results Fluorescence staining showed that GPXJY damaged the mitochondria of HepG2 cells and decreased the content of ATP. The results of flow cytometry showed that GPXJY could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells. The results of electron microscope showed that GPXJY made the mitochondria of cancer cells swell and so on. HCS found that GPXJY significantly reduced the average fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and significantly increased the average fluorescence intensity of apoptosis promoting proteins Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, which was statistically significant. Conclusion GPXJY can regulate the structure and function of mitochondria in HepG2 cells.

Rational design of polyphosphate kinase dual-substrate channel cavity for efficient production of glutathione by cell free catalysis / 生物工程学报

ATP is an important cofactor involved in many biocatalytic reactions that require energy input. Polyphosphate kinases (PPK) can provide energy for ATP-consuming reactions due to their cheap and readily available substrate polyphosphate. We selected ChPPK from Cytophaga hutchinsonii for substrate profiling and tolerance analysis. By molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we rationally engineered the dual-substrate channel cavity of polyphosphate kinase to improve the catalytic activity of PPK. Compared with the wild type, the relative enzyme activity of the screened mutant ChPPKK81H-K103V increased by 326.7%. Meanwhile, the double mutation expanded the substrate utilization range and tolerance of ChPPK, and improved its heat and alkali resistance. Subsequently, we coupled the glutathione bifunctional enzyme GshAB and ChPPKK81H-K103V based on this ATP regeneration system, and glutathione was produced by cell-free catalysis upon disruption of cells. This system produced (25.4±1.9) mmol/L glutathione in 6 h upon addition of 5 mmol/L ATP. Compared with the system before mutation, glutathione production was increased by 41.9%. After optimizing the buffer, bacterial mass and feeding time of this system, (45.2±1.8) mmol/L glutathione was produced in 6 h and the conversion rate of the substrate l-cysteine was 90.4%. Increasing the ability of ChPPK enzyme to produce ATP can effectively enhance the conversion rate of substrate and reduce the catalytic cost, achieving high yield, high conversion rate and high economic value for glutathione production by cell-free catalysis. This study provides a green and efficient ATP regeneration system that may further power the ATP-consuming biocatalytic reaction platform.

Long-term survival influencing and risk factors in peritoneal dialysis patients: a single center study in Southwest China / 中华肾脏病杂志

Patients who initiated peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2013 were enrolled in the single center and retrospective study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to analyze the long-term survival rates, technique survival rates and associated influencing factors. Patients were followed up until December 31, 2021 or endpoints occurred (death or stopping PD treatment). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate survival rates and technique survival rates. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of death and technique failure in PD patients. A total of 373 patients were enrolled in the study, with age of (52.1±15.8) years old and 199 (53.4%) males. During the follow-up, 154 (41.3%) patients died, 72 (19.3%) patients transferred to hemodialysis, and 40 (10.7%) patients received kidney transplant. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that overall survival rates of PD patients at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 92.2%, 76.6%, 66.0%, 52.4% and 38.6%, respectively. Technique survival rates were 93.5%, 84.8%, 74.2%, 62.8% and 44.5% at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression model results showed that age ( HR=1.055, 95% CI 1.039-1.073, P<0.001), transfer from hemodialysis ( HR=2.212, 95% CI 1.514-3.231, P<0.001), episodes of peritonitis ( HR=2.141, 95% CI 1.194-3.837, P=0.011), Charlson comorbidity index ( HR=1.525, 95% CI 1.305-1.783, P<0.001), and baseline albumin ( HR=0.951, 95% CI 0.925-0.978, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors of survival in PD patients. Episodes of peritonitis ( HR=2.327, 95% CI 1.274-4.250, P=0.006) and Charlson comorbidity index ( HR=1.244, 95% CI 1.035-1.496, P=0.020) were independent influencing factors of technique survival in PD patients. PD patients have good early survival rates and technical survival rates, but long-term outcomes need to be further improved. Peritonitis is a major risk factor for low long-term survival rates and technical survival rates in PD patients.

Comparison between white light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging endoscopy in predicting histological healing of ulcerative colitis in remission / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of mucosal vascular pattern (MVP) under narrow-band imaging (NBI) enteroscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission for histological healing and clinical recurrence.Methods:A total of 142 patients with UC in clinical remission who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from January 2018 to January 2021 were included in the study and underwent colonoscopy. The white light and NBI endoscopic images were collected and biopsies were obtained. The Mayo endoscopic score (MES) was calculated based on white light images, and MVP staging was evaluated based on mucosal vascular patterns under NBI. Nancy index (NI) was used to evaluate histological healing and patients were followed up for 1 year. The Spearman correlation coefficients of MES and MVP with histological healing and recurrence were calculated. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted and the area under curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate the accuracy of white light and NBI endoscopy for predicting histological healing of UC in clinical remission.Results:According to the MVP criteria, 47 were defined as clear, 63 blurred, and 32 invisible. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between MVP under NBI and histological healing ( r=0.549, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and histological healing ( r=0.462, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between MVP under NBI and clinical recurrence ( r=0.451, P<0.001) and a moderate correlation between MES under white light and clinical recurrence ( r=0.352, P<0.001). AUC of NBI for diagnosing histological healing of UC in clinical remission was 0.809 (95% CI: 0.738-0.879), with a sensitivity of 84.6% (77/91) and specificity of 64.7% (33/51), superior to the white light endoscopy, of which AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.763 (95% CI: 0.678-0.848), 81.3% (74/91) and 66.7% (34/51). Conclusion:MVP staging under NBI could predict histological healing of UC patients in clinical remission and is superior to white light endoscopy.

Early diagnostic value of mNGS for 15 cases with critical rickettsial disease in Hainan / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for patients with critically ill atypical rickettsial infections in the early diagnosis and therapy.Methods:From Jan 2020 to Aug 2022, clinical features, blood biochemical results, imaging data and mNGS results in patients with unexplained critical illnesses were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the positive rate of mNGS and weil felix reaction.Results:All 15 patients with rickettsial disease had fever, 12 cases had headache, but only 3 had a typical rash or scab of diagnostic significance, 6 had septic shock and all had multi-organ dysfunction; blood mNGS tests were positive in 15 cases, of which 10 had Orientia tsutsugamushi detected in their blood and the remaining five had Rickettsia moschata detected in their blood. The positive rate of mNGS was significantly higher than that of the weil felix reaction (15/15 vs 0, P<0.001). All patients were given doxycycline and other treatments after diagnosis, of which 14 improved and were discharged, and one died 1 week after discharge due to critical condition and abandonment of treatment. Conclusion:mNGS can improve the detection rate of atypical rickettsiae in patients with negative routine test results, which can provide valuable reference basis for early diagnosis and early anti-infection treatment of patients with critical rickettsial disease.

Joinpoint regression analysis and Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis in Changning District of Shanghai in 2009 - 2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the tendency of viral hepatitis in Changning District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific evidence for decision-making of prevention and control. Methods Cases of viral hepatitis in Changning District from 2009-2019 were collected , and the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Joinpoint regression analysis were used to estimate the annual percent change and average annual percent change, and to perform the trend test. Results Among the 2009-2019 in Changning District, a total of 3 397 cases of viral hepatitis were reported , the annual average incidence rate was 49.32/100 000. Results from Joinpoint trend analysis indicated that the incidence of viral hepatitis in Changning District was mainly due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Conclusions Although the annual incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Changning District is far below the incidence rate of viral hepatitis in China, but it still shows an increasing trend. This shows that the situation of prevention and control of viral hepatitis in Changning is still serious, and hepatitis B remains the key point of prevention of viral hepatitis in Shanghai.