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The penetration rate (PR) of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is often used to evaluate tunneling performance and predict construction period costs. However, most penetration rate (PR) prediction models are based on a single specific project, which leads to poor universality of the models.Furthermore, the value of the cutter head speed set for the prediction of the construction period in the survey and planning stages depends on manual experience and lacks theoretical guidance. Therefore, based on a set of engineering data from TBM of different surrounding rocks and diameters, this study statistically analyzed the distribution law of the cutter head speed (N) and the relationship between the field penetration index (FPI), geological parameters (uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the integrity coefficient of the rock mass (Kv)), and penetration (P). The results show that the FPI is strongly correlated with the geological parameters and the P. The geological and tunnelling parameters are the main factors affecting the penetration rate (PR). On the basis of this, prediction models of the FPI and P and a calculation model of the cutter head speed were developed, and a prediction model of the PR was obtained. The accuracy and reliability of this model were verified and analyzed for the EHe (EH) project. The average prediction error was 15.15 %.
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Objective:To discuss the research status and hotspots of Kaixin Powder.Methods:Literature about Kaixin Powder was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the databases to January 10, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software were used to visualize and analyze data on the types of literature included, source journals, publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.Results:Totally 235 articles were included, mainly Chinese journal article. There were 87 source journals involved, among the Chinese and English journals, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and J Ethnopharmacol published the most articles. The overall annual number of articles published in the Kaixin Powder showed an upward trend. It involved 505 authors, forming research teams with Liu Ping, Jiang Yanyan and others as the core; The authors of the included literature came from 99 research institutions, and the cooperation between institutions was mainly based on units with the same or similar geographical area, TCM universities and their affiliated hospitals. The data results of keyword co-occurrence clustering network, keyword co-occurrence time network and keyword emergence analysis showed that the composition of the main active components (ginsenosides, poria acid, fine octyl ethers, ketones and oligosaccharide esters), detection methods (high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass chromatography), pharmacological effects (anti-Alzheimer's disease, antidepressant), mechanism of action and clinical application of the combination were the current research hotspots and trends in development. Conclusion:The research of Kaixin Powder mostly focuses on the mechanism of action and clinical research of Alzheimer's disease, depression and other diseases, among which the research on the main active components in Kaixin Powder is a hot topic in recent years, while the development trend of pharmacological mechanism of action and clinical application is better, and the correlation between active components and efficacy may become a new hot direction in the research of Kaixin Powder.
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In order to expand the breadth and depth of pharmaceutical services, in March 2022, a tertiary hospital opened a physician-pharmacist joint clinic based on clinical specialty clinics. The hospital formulated a fixed outpatient scheduling system, clarified service targets, established outpatient treatment processes and quality management systems, and standardized pharmacist communication models, to provide patients with " one-stop" standardized pharmaceutical services. As of December 2022, the pharmaceutical joint outpatient service had opened more than 100 consultations and served 1 709 patients. This practice provided reference for promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services in medical institutions in China.
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Objective To promote the pharmacist's ability to identify and resolve drug-related problems(DRPs)in Physician-and pharmacist-managed clinic of interstitial lung disease using pharmaceutical care network Europe(PCNE)classification system.Methods Patients of physician-and pharmacist-managed clinic from February 1,2022 to February 1,2023 were included.Problems,causes,intervention types,intervention acceptability,and solution state of DRPs were analyzed using the PCNE classification system.Results A total of 128 patients were included and 178 DRPs were identified,with an average of 1.39 DRPs per patient.The main types of problems were effectiveness(127 cases,71.35%)and safety(39 cases,21.91%);The main causes classification were patient-related(85 cases,47.75%),drug selection(30 cases,16.85%)and dose selection(27 cases,15.17%);The main intervention type was patient-level(176 cases,54.32%).A total of 243 interventions were provided to physicians and patients by pharmacists,in which 231 interventions were accepted with the overall acceptance rate of 95.06%.Ultimately,152(85.39%)DRPs were resolved.Conclusion The PCNE classification system is helpful to improve the efficiency of DRP recognition and resolution in the joint outpatient clinic,promote the standardization,convenience,and precision of the pharmaceutical care model,and improve the rationality,safety,and effectiveness of patients'drug use.
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In the paper, a composite TiO2 /SiO2 -NHOC-FA was prepared using the coupling method which is a folic acid-targeted silica-coated titanium dioxide. Their structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential method. The results showed that the average diameter of the prepared TiO2 /SiO2 -NHOC-FA composite is 18 nm, which is spherical. Compared with unmodified TiO2 , TiO2 /SiO2 -NHOC-FA composite had superior water solubility and dispersion, and enhanced its photokilling activity by folic acid-targeted to FR (+) cells. In addition, photocatalytic TiO2 /SiO2 -NHOC-FA arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase of MCF-7 cells, resulting in a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and also made the apoptosis rate, ROS components and intracellular calcium concentration increased. It killed the MCF-7 cells through apoptosis pathway. These results for the TiO2 /SiO2 -NHOC-FA composite can provide a theoretical basis for the photodynamic development of TiO2 .
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Nanocompuestos/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Titanio/química , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Catálisis , Humanos , Luz , Células MCF-7 , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Objective:To study the role of ultraviolet fluorescence detection technology in personal protective equipment education (PPE) and training.Methods:A study was designed to inspect the risk of self-contamination during PPE doffing between 77 healthcare workers. Used a fluorescent tracer slurry which put on the hands, chest, abdomen, knees to simulate the contaminations. Self-contamination of scrubs and skin was measured using ultraviolet light visualization respectively.Results:According to the uv-fluorescer simulating study, 43 (55.8%) of the medical staff had contamination after the removal of PPE, and the main sites of contamination included: left side of the abdomen 11 (11.70%), left side of the chest 9 (9.57%), left forearm 6 (6.38%), left foot instep 6 (6.38%), neck 6 (6.38%), right shoulder 5 (5.32%), etc. Among them, the frequency of simulated fluorescence pollution in the group with working years less than 6 years was less than that in the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the group of 11-15 years ( t value was -3.685, P value was 0.001 ). Conclusion:Ultraviolet fluorescence labeling detection technology can directly, quickly and effectively evaluate and feedback the key contaminated parts in the process of using PPE, which can provide detailed evidence for redesigning PPE and improve the PPE training process to reduce the contamination.
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BACKGROUND:Silk fibroin, as a kind of high-performance biomaterial, has been widely used to construct scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. However, whether silk fibroin itself holds osteoinductive ability has not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of different concentrations of silk fibroin solution on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs) in vitro. METHODS:Silk fibroin and BMSCs were respectively isolated from silkworm cocoon and rat tibia, and were identified. Then, BMSCs were cultured in different concentrations of silk fibroin solution (0.01%, 0.05%and 0.1%), and the cell proliferation and the alkaline phosphatase activity were detected at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:FTIR spectra of the sample extracted from silkworm cocoon showed distinct absorption peaks at 1 653 (amide I), 1 530.5 (amide II) and 1 212.3 cm-1 (amide III), which could be confirmed to be silk fibroin. Thus generated BMSCs showed long fusiform or astral morphology, positive for representative markers (CD29, CD44 and CD90) relating to mesenchymal stem cells, and could differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes under specific induction conditions, which further confirmed the extracted cells were BMSCs. Compared with the control group (without silk fibroin), 0.05% silk fibroin not only significantly promoted the cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, but also enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.01). With the increasing of the silk fibroin concentrations, the osteodifferentiation capacity of the BMSCs was progressively improved within the range of 0-0.05%and then declined at 0.01%of silk fibroin solutions. These results suggest that silk fibroin can promote osteogenesis, thus providing scientific evidence for developing silk fibroin-based tissue-engineered scaffolds.
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This paper explored the multi-angle, comprehensive and systematic clinical prac-tice teaching system for international students. Six teaching methods were integrated: bedside teach-ing, standardized patients teaching, electronic patients clinic teaching, Chinese students one-to-one help foreign students, a variety of English clinic small presentation and many after-school social activi-ties. The multi-angle, comprehensive and systematic clinical practice teaching system was evidently a better choice than traditional teaching system for international students.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the preventive effects of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on glomerular lesions in experimental diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The DN model of rats was established with streptozotocin (STZ) and intervened with GTW. In the same time, normal, benazepril, and vehicle control groups were set up. After 8 weeks of oral treatment with GTW (50 mg x kg(-1) BW), benazepril (6 mg x kg(-1) BW), and vehicle (physiological saline), the changes of body weight, urine albumin (UA1b), blood glucose (BG), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glomerular morphology were examined. In addition, the level of protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type I in glomeruli was determined by immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Both GTW and benazepril reduced UA1b. GTW ameliorated glomerular injury, such as mesangial cell proliferation, alpha-SMA and collagen type I over-expression, in DN model. Compared with benazepril, beneficial effects of GTW on glomerulusclerosis were more significant (total cell number: GTW group 54.44 +/- 2.41, benazepril group microg/67.83 +/- 4.41, P < 0.05; alpha-SMA score: GTW group 1.98 +/- 0.52, benazepril group 2.27 +/- 0.46, P < 0.05; collagen type I score: GTW group 2.11 +/- 0.37, benazepril group 2.88 +/- 0.58, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Preventive effects of GTW on glomerular lesion in DN model are related to decreasing UA1b and ameliorating glomerulusclerosis.</p>
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Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Quimioterapia , Metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glicósidos , Glomérulos Renales , Heridas y Lesiones , Metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales , Distribución Aleatoria , Tripterygium , QuímicaRESUMEN
The pathomechanisms of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) are considered to be related with glycometabolism disorder, podocyte injury, intra-renal hemodynamics abnormality, fibrogenic cytokines over-expression, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Chinese herbal medicine could delay the progression of glomerulosclerosis in DN by ameliorating the harmful factors of these pathological changes. Therefore, it is possible to postpone the progress of DN to end-stage renal disease through the treatment with Chinese herbal medicine.
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Animales , Humanos , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Quimioterapia , Alergia e Inmunología , Metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Usos Terapéuticos , Glomerulonefritis , Quimioterapia , Alergia e Inmunología , Metabolismo , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
In the trials of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) in the field of pharmacodynamics, some clinical characteristics and symptoms, such as proteinuria, hematuria,joint pain, and skin damage, could be improved in the patients with various diseases including proliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other immune-related diseases. In this review, it has been also reported to discuss the effects of GTW and Triptolide (T4), which is a bioactive component in GTW on anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and protection of epithelial cell in kidney. On the other hand, it is possible to have some beneficial effects on organ transplant rejection, tumor growth and anti-fertility.
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Animales , Humanos , Investigación Biomédica , Quimioterapia , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacocinética , Usos Terapéuticos , Farmacología , Tripterygium , QuímicaRESUMEN
In order to confirm the alteration and significance of cigarette smoke exposure on SP-A in rats, 20 Wistar rats were assigned randomly to two groups: an N group (n=10), and an S group (n=10). The ultra-structural change was observed by electron microscopy. The number of cells positive for SPA was by immunohistochemically measured. The mRNA expression in the lung tissues was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The number of cells positive for SPA of the S group (0.52 +/- 0.05) was lower than that of the N group (0.72+/-0.06) (P<0.05). The levels of mRNA of SPA in the lung tissues of the S group (0.3522+/-0.0512) was significantly lower than that of the N group (0.4432+/-0.05628) (P<0.05). It is concluded that cigarette smoke alone decreased the level of SP-A and that might have an important effect on surfactant metabolism and the host defense functions of surfactant in the peripheral airways, which might play a crucial role in the development of chronic obstructive lung disease.
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Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Microscopía Electrónica , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Fumar/efectos adversos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversosRESUMEN
To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC II) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type II cells were isolated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase, which were then purified by plated into culture flask coated with rat immunoglobulin G. The purified AEC II were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining, electron microscopy, immunocytochemical staining of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA). The SPA expression and transfection characteristics were compared with those of A549 cell line. The results showed that AEC II could be isolated by digestion with trysin and collagenase and purified by adhesive purification by using IgG, with a yield of about 2-3 x 10(7), and a purity of about 75%-84%. Cells could be quickly identified with AKP staining. AEC II were different from A549 cell line in terms of SPA expression and transfection characteristics. It is concluded that adhesive purification with IgG can improve the purity of AEC II, and AKP staining is simple in cell identification. AEC II can not be completely replaced by A549 cells in some studies because the differences between them, such as SPA expression.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Separación Celular/métodos , Células Cultivadas , Ecología , Células Epiteliales/citología , Inmunoglobulina G/farmacología , Alveolos Pulmonares/citología , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/biosíntesis , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells were isolated by digestion with tryp- sin and collagenase, which were then purified by plated into culture flask coated with rat immu- noglobulin G. The purified AEC Ⅱ were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining, electron mi-croscopy, immunocytochemical staining of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA). The SPA expres-sion and transfection characteristics were compared with those of A549 cell line. The results showed that AEC Ⅱ could be isolated by digestion with trysin and collagenase and purified by adhesive pu- rification by using IgG, with a yield of about 2-3×107, and a purity of about 75%-84 %. Cells could be quickly identified with AKP staining. AEC Ⅱ were different from A549 cell line in terms of SPA expression and transfection characteristics. It is concluded that adhesive purification with IgG can improve the purity of AEC Ⅱ, and AKP staining is simple in cell identification. AEC Ⅱ can not be completely replaced by A549 cells in some studies because the differences between them, such as SPA expression.
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In order to investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on airway inflammation in asthmatic murine models and its mechanisms, BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): group A (control group); group B (asthmatic model group); group C (IL-18-treated group). The asthmatic model was established in groups B and C by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) killed by ultraviolet. Saline solution (0.1 mL) and IL-18 (0.1 mL, 1 μg) were intraperitoneally injected respectively in groups B and C at 7 time points (day 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 21, 22). The number of eosinophils (EOS) and plasmacytes in the airway was observed. The levels of inter-feron gamma (IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. The results showed that symptoms of asthma in group C were more severe than in groups A and B. In group A,there were no EOS and plasmacytes in the airway submucosa. The number of EOS [15±3 (average cell counts per microscopic visual field, the same below)] and plasmacytes (10±2) in group B were increased significantly. However, the number of EOS and plasmacytes in group C (6±2 and 2±1, re- spectively) was decreased significantly as compared with group B (both P<0.05). The levels of IFN-γ in groups A, B and C were 31±3, 40±5 and 63±5 pg/mL respectively, and those in group C were sig- nificantly higher than in groups A and B (both P<0.05). It was suggested that the mechanism by which IL-18 inhibited the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice might be contributed to the fact that IL-18 could induce the induction of IFN-γ.
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The transcription activity of ectogenic human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was investigated for the further gene-targeting therapy. The reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by CEA promoter and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter were relatively constructed and named plasmid pCEA-EGFP and pCMV-GFP respectively. The intensity of fluorescence was detected by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry analysis after the pCEA-GFP and pSNAV-GFP plasmids were transfected into A549 cells through liposome respectively. The results showed (4.08+/-0.63) % of the A549 cells transfected with pCEA-AFP plasmid expressed, significantly lower than that of the A549 cells transfected with pCMV-GFP [(43.27+/-3.54) %]. It was suggested that ectogenic human CEA promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was weakly expressed. The distinct specificity of CEA promoter in CEA high expression cells was regarded as a tool in selective gene therapy, but the transcription activity of ectogenic human CEA promoter was needed to increase in the future.
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In order to construct plasmid of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), and transfect into human lung cancer cells A549, the change in sensitivity of lung cancer cells A549 to chemotherapy was observed. HIF-1alpha mRNA structure region was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into plasmid pcDNA3. The expression plasmid pcDNA3/HIF-1alpha was transfected into A549 with Lipofec-tAMINE2000. The expression of HIF-1alpha protein was detected by Western blot. After A549 cells were transfected with HIF-1alpha prior to addition of 5-Fu, the growth activity was measured by growth curve, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h, and the levels of caspase3 and MDR-1 were determined by Western blot. The results showed that the constructed expression plasmid was analyzed with restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis. Two DNA lanes at 2.55 kb and 5.4 kb respectively were found, which were consistent with that expected. The growth rate in 5-Fu group was significantly inhibited, and the apoptosis index and caspase3 activity were increased significantly as compared with control group. After HIF-1alpha being transfected into A549, the activity of MDR-1 was increased and the effect of 5-Fu was weakened. In conclusion, HIF-1alpha can promote chemoresistance by increasing the activation of MDRI and suppressing apoptosis during lung cancer cells A549 induced with 5-Fu.
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To study the role and mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) on the growth and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells A549, the antisense oligonucleotide of HIF-1alpha was transfected to A549 cells. The effect of the antisense oligonucleotide on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by the growth rate suppression of A549 cells and subcutaneous implanted tumor in nude mice, and the effect on tumorigenicity was evaluated by the expression inhibition of angiogenic factors, the microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression which were detected by immohistochemistry and western blot respectively. This study revealed that in vitro the growth rate of antisense oligonucleotide group was significantly decreased as compared with that of control group, sense oligonucleotide group and false-sense oligonucleotide group; in vivo the weight of implanted tumors in nude mice of antisense oligonucleotide group was 1.51 +/- 0.40 g, which was significantly lower than that of control group (2.79 +/- 0.33 g), sense oligonucleotide group (2.81 +/- 0.45 g) and false-sense oligonucleotide group (2.89 +/- 0.39 g) and the inhibitory rate was 47%. Both MVD and VEGF protein expression were significantly inhibited in antisense oligonucleotide group compared with those in other groups. These results indicated that antisense oligonucleotide of HIF-1alpha could inhibit lung cancer cells A549 growth in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanism may be due to the inhibition of vascular growth and VEGF protein expression.
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The effect and mechanism of the ciglitazone on lung cancer cells A549 growth in vitro and in vivo were studied. Various concentrations of ciglitazone were added to the cultured A549 line, and the proliferation and differentiation of A549 cells were examined by MTT and cytometry analysis. A549 cells (1 × 106/mouse) were inoculated subcutaneously into 20 nude mice, which were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, the ciglitazone treated group. The weights of subcutaneous tumors were measured. The expression of cyclin D1 and P21 in the lung was detected by immohistochemistry and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the proliferation of A549 was inhibited significantly by ciglitazone in a dose- and time-dependent manner. There were more cells arrested in G1/G0 phase and the expression of PPARγ was markedly upregulated in ciglitazone-treated group. Direct injection of ciglitazone into A549-induced tumors could suppress tumor growth in nude mice and the growth inhibitory rate was 36 %. The expression of cyclin D1 was decreased and P21 increased significantly in ciglitazone-treated group as compared with control group. It was concluded that ciglitazone could inhibit A549 proliferation dose-dependently and time-dependently and induce differentiation, which might be related to the modulation of cell cycle interfered by PPARγ.
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In order to construct plasmid of hypoxia-inducible factor-lalpha (HIF-1α), and transfect into human lung cancer cells A549, the change in sensitivity of lung cancer cells A549 to chemotherapy was observed. HIF-1α mRNA structure region was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into plasmid pcDNA3. The expression plasmid pcDNA3/HIF-1α was transfected into A549 with LipofectAMINETM2000. The expression of HIF-1α protein was detected by Western blot. After A549 cells were transfected with HIF-1α prior to addition of 5-Fu, the growth activity was measured by growth curve, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h, and the levels of caspase3 and MDR-1 were determined by Western blot. The results showed that the constructed expression plasmid was analyzed with restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis. Two DNA lanes at 2.55 kb and 5.4 kb respectively were found, which were consistent with that expected. The growth rate in 5-Fu group was significantly inhibited, and the apoptosis index and caspase3 activity were increased significantly as compared with control group. After HIF-1 α being transfected into A549, the activity of MDR-1 was increased and the effect of 5-Fu was weakened. In conclusion, HIF-1α can promote chemoresistance by increasing the activation of MDR1 and suppressing apoptosis during lung cancer cells A549 induced with 5-Fu.