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1.
Transplant Proc ; 43(4): 1340-2, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21620124

RESUMEN

The replacement of defective organs with healthy ones is an old problem, but only a few years ago was this issue put into practice. Improvements in the whole transplantation process have been increasingly important in clinical practice. In this context are clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), which have reflected a significant amount of work to use mathematical and intelligent techniques. The aim of this article was to present consideration of intelligent techniques used in recent years (2009 and 2010) to analyze organ transplant databases. To this end, we performed a search of the PubMed and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge databases to find articles published in 2009 and 2010 about intelligent techniques applied to transplantation databases. Among 69 retrieved articles, we chose according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main techniques were: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Trees (DT), Markov Models (MM), and Bayesian Networks (BN). Most articles used ANN. Some publications described comparisons between techniques or the use of various techniques together. The use of intelligent techniques to extract knowledge from databases of healthcare is increasingly common. Although authors preferred to use ANN, statistical techniques were equally effective for this enterprise.


Asunto(s)
Inteligencia Artificial , Minería de Datos/métodos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas , Bases del Conocimiento , Trasplante de Órganos , Teorema de Bayes , Árboles de Decisión , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Cadenas de Markov , Redes Neurales de la Computación
2.
Transplant Proc ; 43(4): 1343-4, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21620125

RESUMEN

The gold standard for nephrotoxicity and acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a biopsy, an invasive and expensive procedure. More efficient strategies to screen patients for biopsy are important from the clinical and financial points of view. The aim of this study was to evaluate various artificial intelligence techniques to screen for the need for a biopsy among patients suspected of nephrotoxicity or ACR during the first year after renal transplantation. We used classifiers like artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and Bayesian inference (BI) to indicate if the clinical course of the event suggestive of the need for a biopsy. Each classifier was evaluated by values of sensitivity and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for each of the classifiers. The technique that showed the best sensitivity value as an indicator for biopsy was SVM with an AUC of 0.79 and an accuracy rate of 79.86%. The results were better than those described in previous works. The accuracy for an indication of biopsy screening was efficient enough to become useful in clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Inteligencia Artificial , Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas , Rechazo de Injerto/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Aguda , Teorema de Bayes , Biopsia , Rechazo de Injerto/etiología , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Selección de Paciente , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Curva ROC
3.
Methods Inf Med ; 50(4): 349-57, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20871942

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing is a chronic syndrome that may bring about postural changes. Finding characteristic patterns of changes occurring in the complex musculoskeletal system of mouth-breathing children has been a challenge. Learning vector quantization (LVQ) is an artificial neural network model that can be applied for this purpose. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to apply LVQ to determine the characteristic postural profiles shown by mouth-breathing children, in order to further understand abnormal posture among mouth breathers. METHODS: Postural training data on 52 children (30 mouth breathers and 22 nose breathers) and postural validation data on 32 children (22 mouth breathers and 10 nose breathers) were used. The performance of LVQ and other classification models was compared in relation to self-organizing maps, back-propagation applied to multilayer perceptrons, Bayesian networks, naive Bayes, J48 decision trees, k, and k-nearest-neighbor classifiers. Classifier accuracy was assessed by means of leave-one-out cross-validation, area under ROC curve (AUC), and inter-rater agreement (Kappa statistics). RESULTS: By using the LVQ model, five postural profiles for mouth-breathing children could be determined. LVQ showed satisfactory results for mouth-breathing and nose-breathing classification: sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.90 and 0.95, respectively, when using the training dataset, and 0.95 and 0.90, respectively, when using the validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS: The five postural profiles for mouth-breathing children suggested by LVQ were incorporated into application software for classifying the severity of mouth breathers' abnormal posture.


Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas , Aprendizaje , Respiración por la Boca/patología , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Postura/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Inteligencia Artificial , Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Preescolar , Estudios de Factibilidad , Humanos , Distribución Normal , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Programas Informáticos
4.
Transplant Proc ; 42(2): 471-2, 2010 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20304167

RESUMEN

Complications associated with kidney transplantation and immunosuppression can be prevented or treated effectively if diagnosed in the early stages by posttransplant monitoring. One of the major problems is diseases that occur during the first year after kidney transplantation. For this purpose, we used different classifiers to predict events of nephrotoxicity versus acute cellular rejection episodes. The classifiers were evaluated according to values of sensitivity, specificity and area under ROC curves (RCA). The classifier with better accuracy rate for nephrotoxicity achieved the value of 75.68% and RCA classifier reached the accuracy of 80.89%. These results are encouraging, with rates of accuracy and error consistent with work purpose.


Asunto(s)
Rechazo de Injerto/epidemiología , Trasplante de Riñón/patología , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/patología , Listas de Espera , Enfermedad Aguda , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Riñón/inmunología , Trasplante de Riñón/estadística & datos numéricos , Selección de Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico
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