RESUMEN
Hematologic response criteria in light chain (AL) amyloidosis require the difference in involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) to be at least 5 mg/dl. We describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of newly diagnosed amyloidosis patients with dFLC <5 mg/dl (non-evaluable dFLC; 14%, n=165) compared with patients with dFLC ⩾5 mg/dl (evaluable dFLC; 86%, n=975). Patients with non-evaluable dFLC had less cardiac involvement (40% vs 80%, P<0.001), less liver involvement (11% vs 17%, P=0.04) and a trend toward less gastrointestinal involvement (18% vs 25%, P=0.08). However, significantly higher renal involvement (72% vs 56%, P=0.0002) was observed in the non-evaluable dFLC cohort. Differences in treatment patterns were observed, with 51% of treated patients undergoing upfront stem cell transplantation in the non-evaluable cohort compared with 28% in the evaluable dFLC group (P<0.001). Progression-free survival (61 vs 13 months, P<0.001) and overall survival (OS; 101 vs 29 months, P<0.001) were significantly longer in the non-evaluable dFLC cohort. Normalization of involved light chain levels and decrease in dFLC <1 mg/dl (baseline at least 2 mg/dl) were predictive of OS and associated with better dialysis-free survival and may be used for response assessment in patients with non-evaluable FLC levels.
Asunto(s)
Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/sangre , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/sangre , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/diagnóstico , Fenotipo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/mortalidad , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Especificidad de Órganos , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Evaluación de Síntomas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Translocation (11;14) on interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization in plasma cells is regarded as a standard risk prognostic marker in multiple myeloma based on studies conducted before introduction of current therapies. We identified 365 patients with t(11;14), and 730 matched controls:132 patients with non-(11;14) translocations and 598 patients with no chromosomal translocation. The median progression-free survival for the three groups were 23.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 20.8-27.6), 19.0 (95% CI, 15.8-22.7) and 28.3 (95% CI, 25.7-30.6) months, respectively (P<0.01). The median overall survival (OS) for t(11;14), non-(11;14) translocation and no-translocation groups were 74.4 (95% CI, 64.8-89.3), 49.8 (95% CI, 40.0-60.6) and 103.6 (95% CI, 85.2-112.3) months, respectively (P<0.01). Excluding those with 17p abnormality, the median OS in the three groups were 81.7 (95% CI, 67.0-90.7), 58.2 (95% CI, 47.0-76.4) and 108.3 (95% CI, 92.4-140.1) months, respectively (P<0.01). The above relationship held true in patients with age <65 years, international staging system (ISS) I/II stage or those who received novel agent-based induction. Advanced age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.98), 17p abnormality (HR: 2.2) and ISS III stage (HR: 1.59) at diagnosis predicted reduced OS in patients with t(11;14). These results suggest that outcomes of t(11;14) MM are inferior to other standard risk patients.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Femenino , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Pronóstico , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Translocación Genética/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation is essential for initial risk stratification in multiple myeloma. While the presence of specific cytogenetic high-risk abnormalities (HRA) is known to confer a poor prognosis, less is known about the cumulative effect of multiple HRA. We studied 1181 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who received novel agents as first-line therapy. High-risk abnormalities were defined as t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20) and del(17p). There were 884 patients (75%) without any HRA and 297 patients (25%) with HRA, including 262 (22%) with one HRA and 35 (3%) with two HRA. The presence of one HRA (versus zero, hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.05, p<0.001) and the presence of two HRA (versus zero, HR 3.15, 95% CI 2.00-4.96, p<0.001) were of prognostic significance after adjusting for other prognostic factors. Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were of prognostic significance independent of the established HRA: Monosomy 13 (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56, P=0.022) and del(13q) (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28-0.81, P=0.006) with opposite effects. Patients with HRA experienced worse overall survival suggesting a cumulative adverse effect of multiple HRA. Abnormalities of chromosome 13 were of prognostic significance after adjusting for other prognostic factors.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 13/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Translocación Genética , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
We analyzed the utility of Revised International staging system (RISS) in an unselected cohort of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM; cohort 1), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM; cohort 2) patients. Cohort 1 included 1900 patients seen within 90 days of diagnosis, from 2005 to 2015, while cohort 2 had 887 patients enrolled in 23 clinical trials at Mayo Clinic. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated from the time since diagnosis or trial registration. The median estimated follow up was 5 and 2.3 years for Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Among 1067 patients evaluable in Cohort 1, the median OS and PFS was 10 and 2.8 years for RISS stage I, 6 and 2.7 years for RISS stage II and 2.6 and 1.3 years for RISS stage III (P<0.0001). Among 456 patients evaluable in Cohort 2, the median OS and PFS was 4.3 and 1.1 years for RISS stage I, 2 and 0.5 years for RISS stage II and 0.8 and 0.2 years for RISS stage III (P<0.0001). In conclusions, RISS gives a better differentiation of NDMM as well as RRMM patients into three survival subgroups and should be used to stratify patients in future clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Pronóstico , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Trasplante de Células Madre/mortalidad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Cytogenetic evaluation at the time of diagnosis is essential for risk stratification in multiple myeloma, however little is known about the occurrence and prognostic significance of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up. We studied 989 patients with multiple myeloma, including 304 patients with at least two cytogenetic evaluations. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to assess the associations between the parameters of interest and cytogenetic evolution as well as overall survival. The prognostic significance of baseline cytogenetic abnormalities was most pronounced at the time of diagnosis and attenuated over time. In the patients with serial cytogenetic evaluations, the presence of t(11;14) at the time of diagnosis was associated with decreased odds of cytogenetic evolution during follow-up (odds ratio (OR)=0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.09-0.56, P=0.001), while the presence of at least one trisomy or tetrasomy was associated with increased odds (OR=2.96, 95% CI=1.37-6.42, P=0.006). The development of additional abnormalities during the 3 years following diagnosis was associated with increased subsequent mortality (hazard ratio=3.31, 95% CI=1.73-6.30, P<0.001). These findings emphasize the importance of the underlying clonal disease process for risk assessment and suggest that selected patients may benefit from repeated risk stratification.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Evolución Clonal/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Médula Ósea/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Cariotipo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Poliploidía , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Although clinical improvement is almost universal with therapy in patients with POEMS (an acronym for polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathies, monoclonal protein and a variety of skin changes) syndrome, outcomes and management of patients who relapse or progress (R/P) after first-line treatment have not been described. We retrospectively identified 262 patients with POEMS syndrome treated at the Mayo Clinic from 1974 to 2014 and who had follow-up information. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 58% and 78%, respectively. Median time to R/P was 42 months. Seventy-nine patients (30%) had an R/P, with 52 (19%) experiencing a symptomatic R/P. Eighteen patients relapsed with symptoms or signs that were not documented at diagnosis. Median times to vascular endothelial growth factor, hematologic, radiographic and clinical R/P were 35 months (range, 4-327 months), 72 months (range, 4-327 months), 51 months (range, 4-327 months) and 48 months (range, 6-311 months), respectively. On multivariate analyses, low albumin at diagnosis and failure to achieve a complete hematologic response to first-line therapy were independent risk factors for PFS. Thirty patients had documentation of a second R/P at a median of 26 months from diagnosis of the first R/P. An early R/P was a risk factor for death, but most patients with an R/P had salvageable disease. A majority of patients are still without R/P at 5 years from diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Síndrome POEMS/diagnóstico , Síndrome POEMS/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Terapia Combinada , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome POEMS/mortalidad , Síndrome POEMS/patología , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Early high-dose therapy (HDT), consisting of high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation following doublet or triplet novel agent induction, is a preferred management strategy for transplant-eligible myeloma patients. We set out to examine the utility of the current fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based risk stratification in a homogenously treated population of transplant-eligible myeloma patients receiving novel induction regimens and early HDT with or without posttransplant maintenance therapy. FISH was available in 409 patients at the time of diagnosis for patients receiving HDT within 12 months of diagnosis. We present comprehensive outcomes for chromosome 14 translocations and 17p abnormalities that both support and refute current risk stratification models. In contrast to its current classification as a marker of 'standard risk' (SR), t(11;14) was associated with inferior overall survival (OS) when compared with the classical SR cohort. The use of novel agent maintenance therapy (bortezomib or lenalidomide) following early HDT ameliorates the negative prognostic value of high-risk (HR) cytogenetic markers. HR patients who received maintenance following early HDT had similar OS compared with the SR cohort at 5 years.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Bortezomib/uso terapéutico , Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 14 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Análisis Citogenético , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Quimioterapia de Inducción/métodos , Lenalidomida , Masculino , Melfalán/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , Talidomida/uso terapéutico , Translocación Genética , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Normalization of the serum-free light-chain ratio (FLCr) with the absence of bone marrow monoclonal plasma cells following achievement of a complete response (CR) to therapy denotes a stringent CR in multiple myeloma (MM), and is associated with improved overall survival (OS). However, its value in patients achieving Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico
, Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/sangre
, Mieloma Múltiple/sangre
, Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico
, Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre
, Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico
, Adulto
, Anciano
, Anciano de 80 o más Años
, Femenino
, Estudios de Seguimiento
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad
, Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad
, Estadificación de Neoplasias
, Pronóstico
, Inducción de Remisión
, Estudios Retrospectivos
, Tasa de Supervivencia