[Risk stratification in selective surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm].

A retrospective analysis of data of 188 patients, who underwent a selective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurism showed, that all the patients had a cardiac pathology. Ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension had 175 (93.0%) and 177 (94.1%) of patients, respectively. Chronic nonspecific lung disease was noted in 65.4% patients and kidney disease--in 48.9%. Different complications developed in early postoperative period in 47 (25%) patients, that resulted in fatal outcome in 20(10,6%). The most frequent complication was an acute renal insufficiency, which led to fatal outcome in 40% patients. Myocardial infarction and pneumonia took the second place in the structure of postoperative complications, one half of the fatal cases was due to these. Retrospective risk stratification assessment of the development of early postoperative complications and lethality was made by Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) and angiosurgical model scale V-POSSUM. It was stated, that score was up to 84 according to GAS scale and up to 28 (V-POSSUM). That fact is the evidence of high risk of the operation. On the basis of ROC curves building, the conclusion was made about greater predictive ability of V-POSSUM scoring system.

[Coronary collateral circulation in infarction-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction with rise and without rise of ST segment].

The authors analyzed a condition of coronary collateral circulation in infarction-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction with rise and without rise of ST segment. The assessment of collateral circulation was made by coronary angiography using Rentop scale. Results of the research showed, that collateral circulation wasn't visualized by angiography in the first hours after acute myocardial infarction with the rise of ST segment. Apparently, this circulation didn't significantly assisted in maintenance of vital capacity of the myocardium in the pool of infarction-related occlusive coronary artery. Visualization of collateral circulation was noted in majority of patients with acute myocardial infarction without the rise of ST segment. Collateral flow was an important alternative source of blood supply of the heart in patients without rise of ST segment in the period of critical reduction of the antegrade blood flow.

[Results of surgical treatment of generalized emphysema of the lungs].

An analysis of examination and treatment results was made in 123 patients with generalized emphysema of the lungs and respiratory failure of II-III degree. The patients were divided into two groups according to the age: younger than 40 years old (group A - 9 patients),40 years old and older (group B - 114). A surgical reduction of lung volume was performed to correct the respiratory failure in 69 patients. The rate of postoperative complications consisted of 14.7% in group A and it was 42.2% in group B.

[Coronary microvascular obstruction phenomenon after endovascular recanalization in patients with chronic coronary occlusions].

The article analyzed no-reflow phenomenon after endovascular recanalization for chronic coronary occlusion. An assessment of antegrade blood flow was made while performing the coronary angiography according to TIMI classification. The Rentrop scale was used for evaluation of retrograde blood flow. The results of investigation showed, that the frequency of occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon after endovascular recanalization in the case of chronic coronary occlusion wasn't higher than 5%. The onset of no-reflow phenomenon after endovascular recanalization in chronic coronary occlusion doesn't depend on the volume of retrograde collateral filling of distal coronary bloodstream. A postponed restoration of antegrade blood flow was possible in patients with previously manifested (Rentrop II-III) retrograde collateral filling of periphery.

[Transthoracal puncture biopsy under ultrasonic induction in tumors of the anterior mediastinum].

Differential diagnostics of tumors of anterior mediastinum is one of the most difficult problems of thoracic surgery and oncology. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the results of transthoracal puncture biopsy under ultrasonic induction in 44 patients with the tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Transthoracal biopsy was carried out using the device for biopsy (Multiple Biopsy Device-MBD-23) and ultrasonic scanner (Voluson 730 Expert), the patients being under intravenous (38 patients) and under local (6 patients) anesthetization. The diagnosis was made as a result of morphological research in all 100% of patients, the biopsy being performed the second time in one patient. The general information value of puncture biopsy under ultrasonic induction was 98%. A complication (localized pneumothorax, cupping off by itself) took place only in one of the follow-up study (2%). The analysis of presented material let the authors make a conclusion that transthoracal puncture biopsy under ultrasonic induction is a safe and highly informative method of diagnostics of tumors of the anterior mediastinum in selected patients.

[Surgical strategy in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and coincidental, malignancy of different localization].

Abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected in 269 patients and 26 (9.6%) of them had a coincidental malignancy. There were 25 (96.2%) men and 1 (3.8%) woman of age from 46 to 88 years (on the average 67.9 +/- 1.7 years old). All of them had different accompanying diseases, influencing the choice of treatment strategy. More than half of patients (16 (61.5%) had the advanced stage III or IV (3H) of cancer and three of them occupied the first place due to their wide occurrence: tumors of lung--42.3%, of stomach--19.2%, of large intestine--11.5%. The operations were performed in 8 patients with malignancy and in 2 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Two-step operations were performed in 4 patients, the simultant operation--in one patient.

[Respiratory and renal insufficiency as risk factors of surgical treatment of patients with aortic aneurysm of the infrarenal segment].

Retrospective analysis of data in 188 patients showed, that chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease was diagnosed in 65.4% of all. Disorders of bronchial patency of different degrees of manifestation were noted in 61.2% and 19.7% of patients had a hypoxemia. Renal diseases were found in 59% of patients, resulting in the development of chronic renal insufficiency in 17%. The data obtained indicate, that the presence of coexisting pulmonary pathology directly influences the frequency and severity of respiratory complications after surgery, which can be the cause of fatal outcome. The presence of renal diseases results in three times higher risk of the development of postoperative renal complications.

[Ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertention as risk factors of surgical treatment of patients with infrarenal segment of aortic aneurysm].

A retrospective analysis of the data of 188 patients with the infrarenal segment of the aortic aneurysm (ISAA) showed, that ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension were diagnosed practically in all patients--175 (93.0%) and 177 (94.1%) patients respectively. A decreased retractor function of the myocardium was noted in 88 (46.8%) of patients. According to the findings of echocardiography 134 (71.3%) patients had the arterial hypertension of third degree. For the assessment of the influence of the accompanying cardiac pathology on the results of planned surgical treatment and systematization of postoperative cardiac complications the classification, which was proposed by R. B. Rutherford et al. and modified by A. V. Pokrovsky et al. was used. The obtained data point at a direct proportional relationship between the degree of the initial cardiac status, frequency and severity of postoperative cardiac complications in patients after resection of ISAA in 1.6-2.3 times.

[Renal revascularization and long-term cardiovascular survival of patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease].

The prospective investigation of 185 patients (118 men and 67 women in the age of 35-79 years (on the average 60+/-9 years) with atherosclerotic renovascular disease was carried out. The disease was detected by one- (62%) and two- (38%) hemodynamic value (>50%) of renal artery stenosis. Renal function, arterial pressure, cardiovascular death cases were estimated in 4 groups of patients during the period of 2,5-126 months (on the average 33 months). The patients of the first group (n=103) were undergone the renal revascularization (51 open and 80 endovascular). The patients of the second group (n=20) were after combined open renal revascularization (25) and after performed reconstruction of abdominal aorta and its branches and lower extremities arteries concerning aneurysmatic and occlusive lesions. The patients of the third group (n=19) had only reconstruction of lower extremities arteries concerning their ischemia without renal revascularization. The patients of the fourth group (n=43) haven't been operated because of the refusal of intervention. The lowest rate of survival was in the fourth group, who used the conservative therapy. Long-term survival didn't differ after open and endovascular therapy. The Koks regression analysis showed, that the improvement of long-term survival of the patients was associated with renal revascularization [Exp(B)=0,25, p<0,001] and didn't depend on the method of renal arteries reconstruction. A strategy of careful selection of patients with the application of interdisciplinary approach should be the base of clinical practice in renovascular disease.

[The role of endoscopic methods in treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenoses].

Treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenosis is one of the most difficult problems of modem medicine. There are two main therapeutic approaches--endoscopic (bronchoscopic) and surgical (open). The paper describes the methods of endoscopic treatment of stenoses allowing achieving complete recovery of tracheal lumen in some cases. The scheme of treatment for tracheal cicatricial stenosis is also described.

[Surgical treatment of lung cancer complicated by pleural effusion].

The authors made a retrospective analysis of 51 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with pleural effusion, not associated with tumor lesion of pleural leaves. Out of 51 operated patients 45 (88%) proved to be resectable. Among 45 patients (20 pneumonectomies, 24 lobectomies and 1 bilobectomy) combined interventions were fulfilled in 15 patients. In 27 (60%) out of 45 patients there was an injury of mediastinal lymph nodes, in 13 (29%)--intrapulmonary and root nodes. Complicated course of the postoperative period was noted in 27% of patients, lethality was 2%. One year survival after resection was 86%, three and five year survival was 54% and 30% respectively. The indices of survival reliably depended on the degree of lymphogenic dissemination. The presence of pleural effusion can not be a reason for refusal to fulfill radical surgical intervention.

[Photodynamic therapy in treatment of lung cancer].

The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy was studied in 20 patients with different stages of lung cancer. We used the photosensitizer--PHOTOHEM and gold vapor laser (Auran). Photodynamic therapy was combined with high-energy laser photodestruction of tumors in 7 patients. In late (IIIb and IV) cancers the application of photodynamic therapy has significantly reduced the tumor tissue of bronchial obstruction in 9 out of 12 (75%) patients with improvement of the respiratory function, disappearance of atelectases. Photodynamic therapy was less effective in bronchoscopic signs of infiltrative tumor growth, typical for its peribronchial form. In the early stages of cancer the application of photodynamic therapy allowed complete removal of the tumor. However, 2 out of 8 patients showed signs of residual tumor growth within 1-3 months which disappeared due to repeated treatments with photodynamic therapy.

[Surgical treatment of fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries in adults].

The authors have analyzed an experience with treatment of 16 patients. All the patients had renovascular hypertension (RVH) and 3 of them had renal dysfunction. Revascularization of the kidneys (RK) was fulfilled in 11 patients by shunting (9) or prosthesis (2) of the renal arteries. In 7 patients percutaneous endovascular angioplasty (PEA) was used. There were neither complications nor lethal outcomes. Arterial pressure normalized in 7 patients and in 9 RVH was better. In the long-term period (at the average within 21 months) 14 patients were followed-up. In 3 patients having perimedial and intimal fibroplasty of RA after PEA restenoses were diagnosed. They had repeated RK. Renal function became better in 1 patient, in 2 patients there was no substantial dynamics. All shunts were passable. The analysis of the data has shown that liquidation of RVH in patients with FMD of RA has inverse dependence on its duration, and decision on the method of RK depends on the type of RA, experience of the specialists, the patients desire included.

[Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting in treatment of chronic occlusions of renal arteries].

The article presents results of examination and treatment of 14 patients aged from 46 through 79 years with chronic occlusion of one of the renal arteries in each of them and subocclusion of the contralateral renal artery in 13 patients due to atherosclerosis. At first percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty and stenting were performed in 13 out of 14 patients with stenosis of the renal artery. Then at once only percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty of the occlused renal artery was performed in 10 out of 14 patients and within 36 hours on average the implantation of stents in case of patency of the renal artery proper and its branches, according to the findings of control angiography, in these arteries with the optimal result. The percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty and stenting are relatively safe and effective methods of reestablishment of patency of the renal arteries after their chronic occlusion.