Condom use and drug consumption in migrants: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify condom use and drug consumption in migrants, as well as the association between these variables. METHOD: A systematic search was carried out for articles published in Spanish and English (2017-2022), in PubMed, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, with eligible studies reporting on condom use and drug consumption, and their association. RESULTS: The search strategy found 147 articles with the combination of terms and other sources. After excluding articles by title, abstract, and finding that they had the study variables, eight articles were included for qualitative analysis and only three met the criteria for quantitative analysis. CONCLUSION: Drug consumption favors inconsistent condom use, increasing the risk of acquiring an STI, and can lead to other mental health issues derived from the use of these substances.

Challenges during the realization of an international research project on leishmaniasis in Colombia.

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that belongs to the top 10 neglected tropical diseases. It mainly affects the poor population from tropical and subtropical areas of the World, which lacks sufficient resources and means to fight against this disease. With this in mind, the European Commission has funded an international collaborative research project in which are participating various institutions from South America, North Africa and Europe. The main objective of this project is the development of a fast, less expensive, non-invasive and easy to use alternative method for leishmaniasis diagnosis in dogs, one of the main reservoirs of leishmaniasis spread to humans. In this perspective article, we present our personal insight and opinion regarding the challenges of realizing a joint international research project on leishmaniasis in Colombia, a country where leishmaniasis is endemic, as well as regarding the involvement of the Public Health institutions and the local population from this country.

Condom use and drug consumption in migrants: a systematic review / Uso de preservativo e consumo de drogas em migrantes: revisão sistemática / Uso de condón y consumo de drogas en migrantes: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify condom use and drug consumption in migrants, as well as the association between these variables. Method: A systematic search was carried out for articles published in Spanish and English (2017-2022), in PubMed, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, with eligible studies reporting on condom use and drug consumption, and their association. Results: The search strategy found 147 articles with the combination of terms and other sources. After excluding articles by title, abstract, and finding that they had the study variables, eight articles were included for qualitative analysis and only three met the criteria for quantitative analysis. Conclusion: Drug consumption favors inconsistent condom use, increasing the risk of acquiring an STI, and can lead to other mental health issues derived from the use of these substances.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o uso de preservativo e o consumo de drogas em migrantes, bem como a associação entre essas variáveis. Método: Foi realizada uma busca sistemática de artigos publicados em espanhol e inglês (2017-2022), em PubMed, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, com estudos elegíveis relatando o uso de preservativos e consumo de drogas, e sua associação. Resultados: Com a estratégia de busca foram identificados 147 artigos com a combinação de termos e outras fontes. Após eliminar os artigos por título, resumo e identificar que continham as variáveis do estudo, oito artigos foram incluídos para análise qualitativa e apenas três atenderam aos critérios para análise quantitativa. Conclusão: O consumo de drogas estimula o uso inconsistente do preservativo, o que aumenta o risco de aquisição de uma IST, além de outros problemas de saúde mental decorrentes do consumo dessas substâncias.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el uso del condón y el consumo de drogas en migrantes, así como la asociación entre estas variables. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados en español e inglés (2017-2022), en PubMed, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, siendo que los estudios elegibles informaron sobre el uso del condón y el consumo de drogas, y su asociación Resultados: Con la estrategia de búsqueda se identificaron 147 artículos con la combinación de términos y de otras fuentes. Después de la eliminación de artículos por título, resumen, identificar que cuenten con las variables de estudio, se incluyeron ocho artículos para el análisis cualitativo y únicamente tres cumplieron con los criterios para el análisis cuantitativo. Conclusión: El consumo de drogas favorece el uso inconstante del condón, y esto incrementa el riesgo de adquirir alguna ITS, además de otras cuestiones de salud mental derivadas del consumo de estas sustancias.

Metodología de Análisis de Emociones para Identificar Riesgo de Cometer Suicidio Generado por el COVID-19 / Methodology of Emotion Analysis to Identify Risk of Committing Suicide Generated by COVID-19 / Metodologia de Análise de Emoções para Identificar o Risco de Suicídio Gerada por COVID-19

Resumen Introducción: El comienzo del año 2020 llegó acompañado de una pandemia causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2. Con las medidas de distanciamiento social implementadas para evitar la propagación de este virus, se presentan problemáticas de salud mental, como ansiedad, depresión, etc., trayendo como consecuencia una necesidad de atención a pacientes a distancia. Dadas las cifras alarmantes de incidencias de suicidio en la sociedad actual, aunadas a estas medidas de distanciamiento, son requeridas herramientas de apoyo para identificar individuos en riesgo de cometer suicidio. Objetivo: Proponer y evaluar una nueva metodología para calcular riesgo de suicidio en usuarios de Twitter, apoyándose en el análisis de emociones. Materiales y Métodos: Usando modelos de aprendizaje estadístico (supervisado y no supervisado), la metodología propuesta identifica el nivel de riesgo en el texto analizado de 77 tuits de usuarios regulares y de figuras políticas en México y Latinoamérica. Resultados: Se encontró que, al comparar los métodos utilizados, el porcentaje de coincidencia en clasificación es cercano al 96 %, siendo los métodos supervisado no paramétrico y no supervisado los que detectaron los niveles extremos de riesgo al suicidio. Conclusiones: la metodología propuesta es una herramienta que puede ser de gran apoyo para especialistas del área de salud mental al ayudar a identificar, de manera masiva, la presencia de indicios de enfermedades mentales, para su subsecuente diagnóstico.

Abstract Introduction: The beginning of 2020 was accompanied by a pandemic caused by the virus called SARS-CoV-2. With social distancing measures implemented to prevent the spread of this virus, mental health problems arose, such as anxiety, depression, etc., resulting in a need for telemedicine. Given the alarming numbers of suicide incidences in today's society, coupled with these distancing measures, support tools are required to identify individuals at risk of committing suicide. Objective: To propose and evaluate a new methodology to calculate suicide risk in Twitter users, based on the analysis of emotions. Materials and Methods: Using statistical learning models (supervised and unsupervised), the proposed methodology identifies the level of risk in the analyzed text of 77 tweets from regular users and political figures in Mexico and Latin America. Results: It was found that, when comparing the methods used, the percentage of coincidence in classification is close to 96%, being the supervised non-parametric and unsupervised methods those that detected the extreme levels of suicide risk. Conclusions: the proposed methodology is a tool that can be of great support for specialists in the mental health area by helping to identify, in a massive way, the presence of signs of mental illness, for its subsequent diagnosis.

Resumo Introdução: O início de 2020 foi acompanhado por uma pandemia causada pelo vírus denominado SARS-CoV-2. Com as medidas de distanciamento social implantadas para prevenir a propagação desse vírus, surgem problemas de saúde mental, como ansiedade, depressão, etc., resultando na necessidade de atendimento remoto ao paciente. Dados os números alarmantes de incidentes de suicídio na sociedade atual, juntamente com essas medidas de distanciamento, ferramentas de apoio são necessárias para identificar indivíduos em risco de suicídio. Objetivo: propor e avaliar uma nova metodologia para calcular o risco de suicídio em usuários do Twitter, a partir da análise das emoções. Materiais e Métodos: Usando modelos estatísticos de aprendizagem (supervisionados e não supervisionados), a metodologia proposta identifica o nível de risco no texto analisado de 77 tweets de usuários regulares e figuras políticas no México e na América Latina. Resultados: Verificou-se que, na comparação dos métodos utilizados, o percentual de coincidência na classificação é próximo a 96%, sendo os métodos não paramétricos supervisionados e não supervisionados aqueles que detectaram os níveis extremos de risco de suicídio. Conclusões: A metodologia proposta é uma ferramenta que pode ser de grande apoio aos especialistas da área de saúde mental por ajudar a identificar, de forma massiva, a presença de indícios de doença mental, para seu posterior diagnóstico.

[Hypersensitivity to mosquito bite manifested as Skeeter síndrome]. / Hipersensibilidad a la picadura de mosquito manifestada como síndrome de Skeeter.

The reactions to mosquito bites are immunological reactions with involvement of IgE, IgG and T cells mediated hypersensitivity. These reactions are common and range from small local reactions, large local reactions to systemic allergic reactions. Skeeter syndrome is defined as a large local induced inflammatory reaction to mosquito bite and sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and vomiting. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination, supported by the identification of specific IgE by skin testing. Treatment includes prevention, antihistamines and steroids in some cases. Specific immunotherapy still requires further study. This paper reports two cases of patients with hypersensitivity reactions to mosquito bites, which were evaluated in our center presenting positive skin tests.

Las reacciones por picaduras de mosquito son reacciones inmunológicas con afectación de la hipersensibilidad mediada por IgE, IgG y linfocitos T. Éstas son frecuentes y van desde reacciones locales pequeñas o grandes, hasta reacciones alérgicas sistémicas. El síndrome de Skeeter es una reacción inflamatoria local grande inducida por la picadura de mosquito, en ocasiones acompañada de síntomas sistémicos como fiebre y vómito. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y la exploración física, con el apoyo de la identificación de IgE específica mediante pruebas cutáneas. El tratamiento consiste en la prevención de picaduras, administración de antihistamínicos y, en algunos casos, de esteroides. La inmunoterapia específica aún requiere mayor estudio. Comunicamos dos casos de pacientes que manifestaron reacciones de hipersensibilidad a la picadura de mosquito, que fueron evaluados en nuestro centro con pruebas cutáneas positivas.

[Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and diffuse toxic goiter. Case report]. / Cancer folicular de tiroides y bocio tóxico difuso. Reporte de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Follicular thyroid cancer rarely manifests itself as a distant metastatic lesion. We report a case of a male with follicular thyroid cancer that presented as a distant metastatic lesion and diffuse toxic goiter. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man was evaluated because of a soft, painless, pulsating sternal mass of 6 x 6 cm. An incisional biopsy of the soft tissue showed metastatic thyroid follicular neoplasm. History and general examination revealed a weight loss of 10 kg, palpebral retraction and thyrotoxicosis, serum concentration of free thyroxine was elevated and TSH undetectable. A thyroid scan revealed uptake of (131)I in all thyroid areas of 36%. Clinical improvement was observed after methimazole (30 mg/day). Total thyroidectomy was performed: right lobe (5 x 4 x 2 cm), left lobe (4 x 3 x 1 cm), without nodules or lymphadenopathy. During the postoperative period, serum thyroglobulin level was 350 ng/ml, radioiodine treatment (100 mCi) was given, and there was a 75% reduction in the sternal mass. CT of the thorax showed bone destruction in the sternum and soft tissue. Clinical and radiological examination revealed no other metastases. Three months later, thyroid scan was negative and thyroglobulin was 17 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: We report this case of follicular thyroid cancer because of its uncommon initial sternal presentation and soft tissue metastasis with diffuse toxic goiter.

Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) correlación citología colposcopia y biopsia / Correlate cytological and colposcopy and biopsia, for intraepitelial cervical neoplasia (CIN)

Se evalúan la citología y colposcopia como métodos diagnósticos en la Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cervical (NIC). Un total de 80 pacientes diagnósticados con NIC, realizándose un total de 670 procedimientos citológicos y colposcópicos, siendo la prueba índice la Biopsia del cuello uterino. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: Citología-Coloscopia: La sensibilidad 48,66 por ciento y 96,32 por ciento; la especificidad: 88,1 por ciento y 63,9 por ciento. Valor Predictivo Positivo: 83,15 por ciento y 66,84 por ciento. Valor predictivo Negativo: 55,66 por ciento y 85,83 por ciento; la eficacia: 88,74 por ciento, Error Diagnóstico: 35,83 por ciento y 22,15 por ciento repectivamente. Chi cuadrado de 100, lo cual es estadísticamente significativo p<0,001

Estenosis del cordón umbilical e hydrops fetalis no inmunológico: presentación de un caso / Stenosis of the umbilical cord and non-immunologic hydrops fetalis: a case report

Se presenta un caso de hydrops fetalis no inmunológico (HFNI) asociado a constricción del cordón umbilical. La presencia de edema fetal generalizado y acumulación de líquido en los compartimientos serosos del feto sin evidencia de isoinmunización, especialmente isoinmunización al factor Rh, fue el criterio empleado para el diagnóstico de HFNI. El cordón umbilical mostró constricción y oclusión vascular con anormalidad de la gelatina de Wharton. Se sugiere la estenosis del cordón umbilical como la causa subyacente del HFNI y muerte fetal