RESUMEN
Handwriting is thought to impede vocabulary learning in sighted adults because the motor execution of writing interferes with efficient audiovisual processing during encoding. However, the motor memory of writing may facilitate adult word learning when visual sensory inputs are severely restricted. Using functional MRI, we show that late-blind participants, but not sighted participants, learned novel words by recruiting the left dorsal premotor cortex known as Exner's writing area and its functional coupling with the left hippocampus. During later recall, the phonological and semantic contents of these words are represented in the activation patterns of the left hippocampus as well as in those of left frontotemporal language areas. These findings suggest that motor codes of handwriting help blind participants maintain word-form representations during learning and retrieval. We propose that such reliance on the motor system reflects a broad architecture of the cerebral language network which encompasses the limb motor system as a hardwired component.
Asunto(s)
Ceguera/fisiopatología , Escritura Manual , Aprendizaje , Memoria , Corteza Motora/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A 33-year-old woman with severe facial asymmetry and unilateral lingual crossbite was treated with orthodontics combined with differential maxillary impaction and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. After 12 months of preoperative orthodontic treatment, 2-jaw surgery was performed. The total active treatment time was 18 months. Both her occlusion and facial appearance were significantly improved by the surgical-orthodontic treatment. The occlusion was stable after 5 years of retention. Posttreatment records after 5 years showed excellent results with good occlusion and long-term stability.
Asunto(s)
Asimetría Facial/terapia , Maloclusión/terapia , Ortodoncia Correctiva/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos/métodos , Adulto , Cefalometría/métodos , Asimetría Facial/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Técnicas de Fijación de Maxilares , Maloclusión/cirugía , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/cirugía , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/terapia , Mandíbula/anomalías , Osteotomía Mandibular/métodos , Maxilar/anomalías , Osteotomía Maxilar/métodos , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 17-year-old girl with a Class III occlusion and facial asymmetry was treated with orthodontics and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). She had a severe skeletal Class III relationship (Wits, -17 mm). Even though she had a prognathic mandible, she showed a straight rather than concave profile because of severe mandibular dental compensation. The patient also had severe mandibular deviation. After 17 months of presurgical orthodontic treatment, IVRO was performed. Total active treatment time was 26 months. Both occlusion and facial appearance were significantly improved by the surgical-orthodontic treatment. There were no functional problems during or after treatment. Posttreatment records after 7 years showed excellent results with good, stable occlusion; facial balance and harmony; and long-term stability.