[Noninvasive transcranial electrostimulation of endorphin structures of the brain as a reparation activator: experimental and clinical parallels]. / Neinvazivnaia transkranial'naia élektrostimuliatsiia éndorfinnykh struktur mozga kak aktivator reparatsii: éksperimental'no-klinicheskie paralleli.

The authors evaluated the capacities of transcranial electrostimulation and the specific features of its impact on reparative regeneration of damaged tissues of different types, such as the dermal and gastroduodenal epithelium, hepatic cells, connective tissue, peripheral nerve fibers, on animal experimental pathological models and compared with the results of treatment of respective pathology in patients.

[The effect of transcranial electrostimulation of the opioid structures of the brain on peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat]. / Vliianie transkranial'noi élektrostimuliatsii opioidnykh struktur mozga na regeneratsiiu perifericheskikh nervov krysy.

Transcranial electrical stimulation of opioid brain structures was studied for its effect on the sciatic nerve of rat after transection and microsurgical restoration of the nerve. It was shown that electrical stimulation accelerated regeneration of sensory and motor fibres of the sciatic nerve. Participation of endogenous opioid peptides in the regeneration of peripheral nerves is discussed.

[Effects of transcranial electrostimulation of the opioid systems on reparative processes in patients with myocardial infarct]. / Vliianie transkranial'noi élektrostimuliatsii opioidnykh sistem na reparativnye protsessy u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

Sixty three patients with primary excessive myocardial infarction (MI) were examined. Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) was demonstrated to contribute to more rapid formation of a postinfarction scar, development of compensatory hypertrophy of the preserved myocardium, and improvement of cardiac contractility. TES-induced activation of the endogenous opioid system was found to be one of the mechanisms responsible for stimulation of reparative processes in patients with MI. Introduction of TES into the multimodality therapy for MI improves the clinical picture of the disease, promoting diminution of circulatory failure signs and relapses of angina-associated pains and favoring decrease in the long-term course of MI and frequency of cardiac arrhythmias.

[The effect of the opioid peptide dalargin on the regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve]. / Vliianie opiodnogo peptida dalargina na regeneratsiiu sedalishchnogo nerva krysy.

The effect of synthetic analog of leucine enkephalin hexapeptide dalargin on regeneration of peripheral nerves involved an activation of the sensory and motor fibers regeneration after transection and microsurgical restoration of the rat sciatic nerve. Endogenous opioid peptides seem to take part in the regulation of structural homeostasis of the nervous system.

[A new peptide activator of reparative tissue regeneration]. / Novyi peptidnyi aktivator reparativnoi regeneratsii tkanei.

Synthetic analog of leucine enkephalin--hexapeptide dalargin was shown to stimulate healing of skin wounds in rats, dogs and mini-pigs at local and parenteral administration in doses of 0.1-100 micrograms/kg. Acceleration of proliferation with an increase of fibroblast mitoses, earlier and active growth of vascular elements, rapid maturation of granulation tissue and accelerated epithelialization were observed.

[Effect of transcranial non-invasive stimulation of the antinociceptive structures of the brain on processes of repair]. / Vliianie transkranial'nogo neinvazivnogo razdrazheniia antinotsitseptivnykh struktur mozga na protsessy reparatsii.

Transcranial electrical stimulation (AC + DC) of antinociceptive brain structures causing the maximal analgetic effect accelerated skin-wound healing in rats. The effect being completely blocked with naloxone. Participation of opioidergic, antinociceptive brain structures in wound healing and maintenance of structural homeostasis, is discussed.

[Effect of an opioid peptide on the healing of experimental myocardial infarct]. / Vliianie opioidnogo peptida na zazhivlenie éksperimental'nogo infarkta miokarda.

The effect of an opioid hormone (Leu-enkephalin analog Tyr-Dala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg) on the healing of myocardial infarction caused by the ligation of the descending branch of the rabbit left coronary artery has been investigated. The peptide was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg daily. Using light and electron microscopy, the peptide has been shown to exert a pronounced stimulating effect on the healing of the necrotic zone on days 3 and 7 of the experiment. Opioid peptides are suggested to take part in the healing of various disorders.

[Features of the action of opioid peptides and naloxone on the tissues of the central and peripheral nervous system during cultivation]. / Osobennosti deistviia opioidnykh peptidov i naloksona na tkan' tsentral'noi i perifericheskoi nervnoi sistemy v usloviiakh kul'tivirovaniia.

The effect of opioid peptides (leu-enkephalin, a synthetic analog of leu-enkephalin) and naloxone on the organotypic culture of rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia was studied. The explants' outgrowth and dorsal root ganglion neuron survival were studied. Peptides (10(-9) M-10(-10)M) and naloxone (10(-5) M-10(-6) M) were found to be able to stimulate fibre outgrowth from the explant, to increase the numbers of glia and fibroblast type cells in the ganglion growth zone. It is suggested that opioid peptides can be used as a source of nonspecific growth factor for nervous tissue of peripheral and central nerve system.

[Activating effect of substance P on nerve tissue in culture]. / Aktiviruiushchee deistvie veshchestva P na nervnuiu tkan' v kulture.

The effect of substance P on organotypic culture of rat sympathetic ganglia and spinal cord was studied. Substance P was able to stimulate the fibre outgrowth from explant, to increase the numbers of glial and fibroblasttypic cells in ganglia growth zone. The effect was observed in the range from 10(-5) to 10(-12) M (for sympathetic ganglia) and from 10(-5) to 10(-14) M (for spinal cord culture). It is suggested that substance P can be used as a nonspecific growth factor for peripheral and central nervous tissue.

[Action of opioid peptides on nerve tissue growth and regeneration processes in the rat]. / Deistvie opioidnykh peptidov na protsessy rosta i regeneratsii nervnoi tkani krysy.

Using organotypic cultures of the sympathetic ganglia and spinal cord from rats, studies have been made of the effect of opioid peptides on the development of the nervous tissue. It was found that endogenous opioid peptides (leu- and met-enkephalins, beta-endorphin) within the concentrations investigated (10(-9)-10(-10) M), stimulate the growth of neurites, affect the rate of migration and proliferation of the glial and fibroblast-like cells. The effect was observed at the 2nd--5th days of cultivation, depending on the object investigated. Naloxone, a blockator of the opiate receptors, does not abolish the stimulating effect of the opioid peptides. Using clonal line of fibroblast-like cells L6, it was shown that leu-enkephalin decreases the sensitivity to contact inhibition of growth. On the basis of the data obtained, it is suggested that endogenous opioid peptides act as non-specific factors of growth regulation in the development and regeneration of the nervous tissue. Taking into account the role of endorphins in the activity of noci-antinociceptive system possible significance of these compounds in post-injury reparation is discussed.

[Stimulating action of endorphins on the development of sympathetic ganglia in culture]. / Stimuliruiushchee deistvie éndorfinov na razvitie simpaticheskikh gangliev v kul'ture.

The effect of gamma-and beta-endorphins, leu- and met-enkephalins on the growth and differentiation of nervous tissue was studied in organotypic cultures of the sympathetic ganglia of newborn rats. The growth of explants in living cultures and preparations stained by the Holmes method was analyzed. It was established that endorphins are capable of stimulating the growth of neurites from the explant, of increasing the number of glial and fibroblastoid cells in the zone of the growth. The mean value of the maximal magnitude of the zone of the growth in normalcy was 464 +/- 136 micron, that on addition of leu- and met-enkephalins, gamma- and beta-endorphins 879 +/- 161, 900 +/- 160, 959 +/- 170, and 1056 +/- 137 microns. The growth effect induced by endorphins was demonstrated within a wide dose range--from 10(-7) to 10(-14) M. Naloxone did not inhibit the stimulant action of the peptides. It is suggested that opioid neuropeptides can be used as a source of nonspecific growth factors for nervous tissue.

[Participation of the lacrimal glands in wound healing processes]. / Uchastie sleznykh zhelez v protsessakh zazhivleniia ran.

A hypothesis is advanced that nociceptive stimulation activates the functional system of wound healing. Experiments were made to investigate whether the lacrimal glands, which are activated due to pain, are involved in the system of healing. Rat experiments have demonstrated that nociceptive stimulation of the lacrimal glands accelerates the repair of cutaneous wounds by 26 to 30%. Lacrimectomy accompanied by distension of wound rims (up to 26% by the 3d-4th hour) inhibits the rate of healing by 18 to 20%. Intraperitoneal injection of a lacrimal gland extract activates healing in lacrimectomized rats. The data obtained suggest that the lacrimal glands are involved in wound healing.

[Effect of opioid peptides on nervous tissue in vitro]. / Vliianie opioidnykh peptidov na nervnuiu tkan' in vitro.

The effect of opioid peptides (gamma- and beta-endorphins, met- and leu-enkephalin, and 5 synthetic analogs of leu-enkephalin) was studied on organotypic culture of rat dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia. All peptides, except for one synthetic analog, were able to stimulate fibre outgrowth from explant, increase the numbers of glia and fibroblasttypic cells in the growth zone. The effect was observed in the range from 10(-10) to 10(-14)M. It is suggested that opioid peptides can be used as a nonspecific growth factor for nervous tissue.

[Changes in the density of human lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors in hypertension]. / Izmenenie plotnosti beta-adrenergicheskikh retseptorov limfotsitov cheloveka pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The beta-adrenoreceptor density in intact lymphocytes of peripheral blood of normotensive and hypertensive adults was measured by the radioligand binding technique with the use of 3H-dihydroalprenolol. The density of beta-adrenoreceptors was found to be higher in lymphocytes of hypertensive subjects while the number of the receptors was equal to 2076 +/- 208 and 1461 +/- 175 receptors per cell, respectively, in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. The dissociation constants in both cases varied from 0.4 to 1.8 nM. Probably, the decreased responses to the adrenergic agents in hypertensive subjects are not connected with the decreased number of beta-adrenoreceptors and may be due to alterations in postreceptor events.