Quantifying physical insights cooperatively with exhaustive search for Bayesian spectroscopy of X-ray photoelectron spectra.

We analyzed the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of carbon 1s states in graphene and oxygen-intercalated graphene grown on SiC(0001) using Bayesian spectroscopy. To realize highly accurate spectral decomposition of the XPS spectra, we proposed a framework for discovering physical constraints from the absence of prior quantified physical knowledge, in which we designed the prior probabilities based on the found constraints and the physically required conditions. This suppresses the exchange of peak components during replica exchange Monte Carlo iterations and makes possible to decompose XPS in the case where a reliable structure model or a presumable number of components is not known. As a result, we have successfully decomposed XPS of one monolayer (1ML), two monolayers (2ML), and quasi-freestanding 2ML (qfs-2ML) graphene samples deposited on SiC substrates with the meV order precision of the binding energy, in which the posterior probability distributions of the binding energies were obtained distinguishably between the different components of buffer layer even though they are observed as hump and shoulder structures because of their overlapping.

Thickness dependent band structure ofα-bismuthene grown on epitaxial graphene.

Along with the great interest in two-dimensional elemental materials that has emerged in recent years, atomically thin layers of bismuth have attracted attention due to physical properties on account of a strong spin-orbit coupling. Thickness dependent electronic band structure must be explored over the whole Brillouin zone in order to further explore their topological electronic properties. The anisotropic band structures along zig-zag and armchair directions of α-bismuthene (α-Bi) were resolved using the two-dimensional mapping of angle-resolved photoemission spectra. An increase in the number of layers from 1- to 2-bilayers (BLs) shifts the top of a hole band onΓ¯-X¯1line to high wavenumber regions. Subsequently, an electron pocket onΓ¯-X¯1line and a hole pocket centred atΓ¯point appears in the 3 BL α-Bi. Gapless Dirac-cone features with a large anisotropy were clearly resolved onX¯2point in the 1-BL and 2-BL α-Bi, which can be attributed to the strong spin-orbit coupling and protection by the nonsymmorphic symmetry of the α-Bi lattice.

Three-dimensional band structure and surface electron accumulation of rs-CdxZn1-xO studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

Three-dimensional band structure of rock-salt (rs) CdxZn1-xO (x = 1.0, 0.83, and 0.60) have been determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) using synchrotron radiation. Valence-band features shift to higher binding energy with Zn content, while the conduction band position does not depend strongly on Zn content. An increase of the indirect band gap with Zn-doping is larger than that of the direct band gap, reflecting a weaker hybridization between Zn 3d and O 2p than that between Cd 4d and O 2p. Two-dimensional electronic states due to the quantization along surface normal direction are formed in the surface accumulation layer and show non-parabolic dispersions. Binding energy of the quantized two-dimensional state is well reproduced using an accumulation potential with the observed surface band bending and the characteristic width of about 30 Å.

[Home care practice in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa].

In Yaeyama district in Okinawa, despite the scarcity of health-care resources for home visit, most of the patients used to choose home care instead of in-hospital care because of their special beliefs and preference different from mainland. Since people resided in a large family and formed a tightly knit community, patients were able to receive care from their family and community members. However, together with increase in chronic care facilities and modernization of the island that have brought downsizing of the family unit and loose community, the elderly are facing difficulty in receiving home care due to lack of care-givers. In order to establish the system to support the patients who wish to receive domiciliary care and live at home in their own life style, Yaeyama Hospital is expected to provide community-based health-care services 24 hours a day. It is essential that medical and welfare professions who are in charge of home care maintain close relations in good communication and collaboration.

[Home care practice in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa].

In Yaeyama district in Okinawa, despite the scarcity of health-care resources for home visit, most of the patients used to choose home care instead of in-hospital care because of their special beliefs and preference different from mainland. Since people resided in a large family and formed a tightly knit community, patients were able to receive care from their family and community members. However, together with increase in chronic care facilities and modernization of the island that have brought downsizing of the family unit and loose community, the elderly are facing difficulty in receiving home care due to lack of care-givers. In order to establish the system to support the patients who wish to receive domiciliary care and live at home in their own life style, Yaeyama Hospital is expected to provide community-based health-care services 24 hours a day. It is essential that medical and welfare professions who are in charge of home care maintain close relations in good communication and collaboration.