RESUMEN
A versatile 3D-printed droplet-on-demand generator is presented for laboratory use in droplet impact and similar experiments. The design described and tested in the present work is modeled off of an existing design [Harris et al., Exp. Fluids 56, 83 (2015)] but is tested with an extended range of working fluids, and the manufacturing process is greatly simplified by 3D-printing the principal components. The present device is tested with de-ionized water and water-glycerol mixtures and was reliably able to produce single droplets-on-demand of diameters 0.65-1.32 mm with an overall variability of less than 1%. The computer-aided design (CAD) files, parts list, sample software, and circuit layout are available with this note, allowing for the device to be readily reproduced or adapted for a wide range of experimental applications.
RESUMEN
We investigate the erosive growth of channels in a thin subsurface sedimentary layer driven by hydrodynamic drag toward understanding subterranean networks and their relation to river networks charged by ground water. Building on a model based on experimental observations of fluid-driven evolution of bed porosity, we focus on the characteristics of the channel growth and their bifurcations in a horizontal rectangular domain subject to various fluid source and sink distributions. We find that the erosion front between low- and high-porosity regions becomes unstable, giving rise to branched channel networks, depending on the spatial fluctuations of the fluid flow near the front and the degree to which the flow is above the erodibility threshold of the medium. Focusing on the growth of a network starting from a single channel, and by identifying the channel heads and their branch points, we find that the number of branches increases sublinearly and is affected by the source distribution. The mean angles between branches are found to be systematically lower than river networks in humid climates and depend on the domain geometry.