Incidence and clearance of anal high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-positive men who have sex with men: estimates and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: To estimate incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and their risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM) recently infected by HIV in Spain; 2007-2013. METHODS: Multicenter cohort. HR-HPV infection was determined and genotyped with linear array. Two-state Markov models and Poisson regression were used. RESULTS: We analysed 1570 HR-HPV measurements of 612 MSM over 13 608 person-months (p-m) of follow-up. Median (mean) number of measurements was 2 (2.6), median time interval between measurements was 1.1 years (interquartile range: 0.89-1.4). Incidence ranged from 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8-11.8] per 1000 p-m for HPV59 to 15.9 (11.7-21.8) per 1000 p-m for HPV51. HPV16 and HPV18 had slightly above average incidence: 11.9/1000 p-m and 12.8/1000 p-m. HPV16 showed the lowest clearance for both 'prevalent positive' (15.7/1000 p-m; 95% CI 12.0-20.5) and 'incident positive' infections (22.1/1000 p-m; 95% CI 11.8-41.1). More sexual partners increased HR-HPV incidence, although it was not statistically significant. Age had a strong effect on clearance (P-value < 0.001) due to the elevated rate in MSM under age 25; the effect of HIV-RNA viral load was more gradual, with clearance rate decreasing at higher HIV-RNA viral load (P-value 0.008). CONCLUSION: No large variation in incidence by HR-HPV type was seen. The most common incident types were HPV51, HPV52, HPV31, HPV18 and HPV16. No major variation in clearance by type was observed, with the exception of HPV16 which had the highest persistence and potentially, the strongest oncogenic capacity. Those aged below 25 or with low HIV-RNA- viral load had the highest clearance.

Fístula traqueoesofágica en paciente intubado: tratamiento mediante exclusión y patch esofágico / Tracheoesophageal fistula in an intubated patient. Treatment through exclusion and esophageal patch

En la actualidad, las fístulas traqueoesofágicas adquiridas, de etiología benigna, son principalmente lesiones iatrogénicas, producidas por una intubación traqueal prolongada. Su formación en pacientes intubados es infrecuente, pero suele comportar consecuencias devastado-ras, y su solución terapéutica es de gran complejidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con una amplia fístula traqueoesofágica postintubación traqueal, que se trató quirúrgicamente mediante exclusión esofágica (esofagostomía cervical y sutura-grapado de esófago distal) y cierre del defecto traqueal, utilizando la pared posterior del esófago (AU)

Currently, acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistulas are mainly iatrogenic lesions produced by prolonged tracheal intubation. Their occurrence in intubated patients is infrequent but devastating and their therapeutic resolution is highly complex. We present the case of a patient with an extensive tracheoesophageal fistula following tracheal intubation that was surgically treated through esophageal exclusion (cervical esophagostomy and suture-sta-pling of the distal esophagus) and closure of the tracheal defect using the posterior esophageal wall (AU)

Ictericia y pancreatitis crónica: compresión de la vía biliar principal por un seudoquiste pancreático / Jaundice and chronic pancreatitis: common bile duct compression by pancreatic pseudocyst

En la pancreatitis crónica, la ictericia obstructiva debida únicamente a la compresión de la vía biliar principal por un seudoquiste de páncreas es un hecho muy poco frecuente. En la mayoría de estas ocasiones, la ictericia se debe a la obliteración por fibrosis de la vía biliar intrapancreática. Presentamos 2 casos de ictericia obstructiva en el seno de una pancreatitis crónica, en los cuales los hallazgos operatorios y la evolución postoperatoria demuestran la etiología del seudoquiste como único factor causante de la ictericia. Creemos imprescindible la realización de una colangiografía intraoperatoria tras la descompresión del quiste para poder evaluar correctamente el origen de la obstrucción (AU)

In chronic pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice solely due to common bile duct compression by a pancreatic pseudocyst is highly unusual. In most of these cases, the jaundice is due to fibrotic stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. We report two cases of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst. Operative findings and follow-up during the postoperative period demonstrated compression by the pseudocyst over the common bile duct as the only etiologic factor of the jaundice. We believe that intraoperative cholangiography should be performed after drainage of a pseudocyst to correctly assess the etiology of obstruction (AU)

[Jaundice and chronic pancreatitis: common bile duct compression by pancreatic pseudocyst]. / Ictericia y pancreatitis crónica: compresión de la vía biliar principal por un seudoquiste pancreático.

In chronic pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice solely due to common bile duct compression by a pancreatic pseudocyst is highly unusual. In most of these cases, the jaundice is due to fibrotic stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. We report two cases of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst. Operative findings and follow-up during the postoperative period demonstrated compression by the pseudocyst over the common bile duct as the only etiologic factor of the jaundice. We believe that intraoperative cholangiography should be performed after drainage of a pseudocyst to correctly assess the etiology of obstruction.

[Tracheoesophageal fistula in an intubated patient. Treatment through exclusion and esophageal patch]. / Fístula traqueoesofágica en paciente intubado: tratamiento mediante exclusión y patch esofágico.

Currently, acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistulas are mainly iatrogenic lesions produced by prolonged tracheal intubation. Their occurrence in intubated patients is infrequent but devastating and their therapeutic resolution is highly complex. We present the case of a patient with an extensive tracheoesophageal fistula following tracheal intubation that was surgically treated through esophageal exclusion (cervical esophagostomy and suture-stapling of the distal esophagus) and closure of the tracheal defect using the posterior esophageal wall.

Variabilidad clínica del tumor carcinoide evolucionado / Clinical variability of carcinoid tumor. Our casuistics of advanced-stage carcinoid tumor

La presentación clínica del tumor carcinoide depende de su grado de malignidad, localización, volumen tumoral, funcionalidad y el tiempo de evolución del proceso. Se discuten nuestros casos de tumor carcinoide evolucionado y las nuevas aportaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se trata de 5 pacientes (3 mujeres y 2 varones). Un caso correspondió a tumor carcinoide hepático único sin síndrome carcinoide y 4 a tumores ileales avanzados con metástasis hepáticas de diverso grado (3 con síndrome carcinoide). Un caso de crisis carcinoide se manifestó durante la inducción anestésica. Los estudios morfológicos y de localización consistieron en la gammagrafía marcada con octreótido, la tomografía computarizada espiral, la resonancia magnética y la ecografía intraoperatoria. El estudio bioquímico funcional incluyó 5-HIA en plasma y orina, 5-HT y serotonina plasmática. El estudio inmunohistoquímico incluyó la determinación de cromogranina A. Los tratamientos incluyeron: sandostatina LAR (long-acting release), resección radical de tumores ileales, hepatectomía, embolización intraarterial de metástasis hepáticas y biopsia diagnóstica. Dos pacientes fallecieron tras el diagnóstico. Los 3 pacientes tratados tienen un seguimiento de 12, 13 y 17 meses (AU)