The Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) questionnaire. A validation study with Spanish schizophrenia spectrum outpatients.

INTRODUCTION: The Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) is a disease-specific subjective Quality of Life (QL) questionnaire for patients with schizophrenia. This study assesses the psychometric properties of the SQLS-R4 when applied to a sample of Spanish schizophrenia spectrum outpatients with stable disease. METHODS: The SQLS-R4 and EUROQOL-5D-5L were completed once by 168 schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients. Of these, 61 also completed the WHOQOL-BREF and 50 completed the SQLS-R4 one week later. Psychometric evaluation of structure, reliability and validity was conducted. RESULTS: Multi-trait scaling confirmed the two multiitem scales. Internal consistency for the two scales (Cronbach’s coefficients>0.89) and the whole questionnaire (0.96) was adequate, as was test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients>0.79). Correlations with related areas of EUROQOL-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF (Spearman’s Rho>0.60) supported convergent validity. Divergent validity was confirmed through low correlations with less-related areas of these two questionnaires (Spearman’s Rho<0.30). Patients with higher levels of depression, more acute episodes and schizoaffective disorder had higher QL limitations. CONCLUSIONS: The SQLS-R4 is a reliable and valid instrument when applied to Spanish outpatients with stable disease. The results of our validation study concur with those of other psychometric studies performed in Europe and other cultural areas.

El cuestionario Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4). Estudio de validación con pacientes españoles ambulatorios del espectro de la esquizofrenia / The Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) questionnaire. A validation study with Spanish schizophrenia spectrum outpatients

Introducción. El cuestionario Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision-4 (SQLS-R4) es una escala de Calidad de Vida (CV) subjetiva específica para pacientes con esquizofrenia. El presente estudio evalúa sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de pacientes ambulatorios españoles del espectro de la esquizofrenia con enfermedad estable. Metodología. Los cuestionarios SQLS-R4 y EURO-QOL-5D-5L fueron completados una vez por 168 pacientes con esquizofrenia y trastorno esquizoafectivo. De ellos, 61 también contestaron el WHOQOL-BREF, y 50 el SQLS-R4 una semana después. Se ha realizado una evaluación psicométrica de su estructura, fiabilidad y validez. Resultados. El análisis multirrasgo-multimétodo confir-ma las dos escalas multi-Items. La consistencia interna de las dos escalas (coeficiente de Cronbach>0,89) y del cuestionario global (0,96) y la fiabilidad test-retest (coeficiente de correlación intraclase>0,79) han sido adecuadas. Las correlaciones con áreas relacionadas del EUROQOL-5D-5L y del WHOQOL-BREF (Spearman-Rho>0,60) y con áreas menos relacionadas de estos dos cuestionarios (<0,30) apoyan la validez convergente y divergente. Pacientes con más ingresos hospitalarios, mayor nivel de depresión y con un diagnóstico de trastorno esquizoafectivo han presentado puntuaciones más altas de CV (mayores limitaciones). Conclusiones. El cuestionario SQLS-R4 es un instrumento fiable y válido en su aplicación a pacientes ambulatorios españoles con enfermedad estable. Los resultados de nuestro estudio de validación coinciden con los de otros estudios psicométricos realizados en Europa y otras áreas culturales

Introduction. The Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) is a disease-specific subjective Quality of Life (QL) questionnaire for patients with schizophrenia. This study assesses the psychometric properties of the SQLS-R4 when applied to a sample of Spanish schizophrenia spectrum outpatients with stable disease. Methods. The SQLS-R4 and EUROQOL-5D-5L were com-pleted once by168 schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients. Of these, 61 also completed the WHOQOL-BREF and 50 completed the SQLS-R4 one week later. Psychometric evaluation of structure, reliability and validity was con-ducted. Results. Multi-trait scaling confirmed the two multi-item scales. Internal consistency for the two scales (Cronbach’s coefficients>0.89) and the whole questionnaire (0.96) was adequate, as was test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients>0.79). Correlations with related areas of EUROQOL-5D-5L and WHOQOL-BREF (Spearman’s Rho>0.60) supported convergent validity. Divergent validity was confirmed through low correlations with less-related areas of these two questionnaires (Spearman’s Rho<0.30). Patients with higher levels of depression, more acute episodes and schizoaffective disorder had higher QL limitations. Conclusions. The SQLS-R4 is a reliable and valid instrument when applied to Spanish outpatients with stable disease. The results of our validation study concur with those of other psychometric studies performed in Europe and other cultural areas

The association of clinical insight and depression with quality of life in schizophrenia.

This study assesses how insight influences depression and Quality of Life (QOL) in schizophrenia-spectrum outpatients and whether depression modifies the relationship between insight and QOL. 141 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders with stable disease completed the EUROQOL-5D-5L and SQLS-R4, SAI-E and Calgary scales. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were fitted to assess whether insight was related to QOL and/or depression. Higher levels of insight were (inversely) only related to EuroQOL-health but showed no relationship with depression. Depression showed an inversely strong relationship with EuroQOL-health. The relationship between clinical insight and QOL does not seem to be associated with depression.