RESUMEN
Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are characterized by early mortality compared to the general population. The main cause of this premature death reflects medical complications linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The use of antipsychotics such as clozapine is associated with weight gain and metabolic disturbances in certain predisposed individuals. Non-pharmacological interventions for weight control have become a key element for secondary prevention in the health of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Here, we aim to evaluate the physical health effects of a nurse-led non-pharmacological intervention program in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Thirty-one outpatients from the outpatient clinical facility of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders receiving clozapine treatment were enrolled in a prospective interventional study, comprising an 8-week group program of therapeutic education in a healthy lifestyle. MetS factors, physical activity, diet, and lifestyle were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), and 3 months after the program. Weight, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diet patterns displayed significant differences post-intervention and after 3 months, while only waist, hip perimeter, and lifestyle improved post-intervention. Our results suggest the effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention in patients under clozapine treatment despite its long-time differential effect. Strategies to prevent weight gain and metabolic decline will help prevent premature cardiometabolic disease in this vulnerable population.
Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos , Clozapina , Síndrome Metabólico , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Clozapina/efectos adversos , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Estudios Prospectivos , Rol de la Enfermera , Antipsicóticos/efectos adversos , Síndrome Metabólico/inducido químicamente , Estilo de Vida , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Introducción. Los términos «telesalud» o «eSalud» definen los servicios sanitarios diversificados prestados a distancia por un equipo de profesionales usando las TIC para mejorar la salud de un usuario o una población. Desarrollo. El desarrollo de las TIC en las décadas del 2000 y del 2010 hizo posible una mayor aplicabilidad. Aparecieron técnicas de telerradiología y telepatología. Mediante las teleconsultas se empezó a practicar la teleenfermería. Los inicios prácticos de la teleenfermería, surgieron a partir de consultorías enfermeras telefónicas en Reino Unido y Canadá. La OMS estableció, en 2005, el Observatorio Mundial de eSalud para revisar los beneficios de las TIC. Actualmente, en España, 061 Cat Salut Respon, gestionado por enfermeras, da cobertura a Cataluña a través de su página web, teléfono, correo electrónico o chat. En Andalucía, Salud Responde es un centro de información y servicios para dar atención sanitaria a la ciudadanía. Conclusiones. Los sistemas de salud ofrecen servicios a través de sistemas multicanal y aplicaciones específicas (apps) que permiten mejorar la accesibilidad, en cualquier momento, desde cualquier punto con conexión a Internet. La implicación de las enfermeras en programas de eSalud, como las tele-nurses, está cada vez más extendida en España, tal y como ocurre a nivel internacional (AU)
Introduction. Tele-Health or eHealth are defined as diversified health services provided remotely by a team of professionals using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to improve the health of a user or population. Development. The development of ICT during the 2000 and 2010 decades allowed for a wider applicability of these services. Techniques like teleradiology and telepathology appeared. Tele-nursing began to be practiced through teleconsultations. Tele-nursing emerged from consulting telephone nurses in the United Kingdom and Canada. In 2005, the WHO established the Global eHealth Observatory to review the benefits of ICT. Currently in Spain, 061 Cat Salut Respon, managed by nurses, gives coverage to Catalonia through its website, telephone, email or chat. In Andalusia, Salud Responde is a service and information center providing citizens with remote healthcare. Conclusions. Health systems offer services through multichannel schemes and specific applications (apps) improving accessibility anytime, anywhere, provided with internet connection. The involvement of nurses in eHealth programs, such as telenurses, is increasingly spreading in Spain, mirroring the trend at an international level (AU)
