Hormonal Parameters in Diverse Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a polygenic and multifactorial condition, regarded as the most common endocrine abnormality of women in reproductive period. It is commonly assumed that insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and obesity significantly influence the pathophysiological process of PCOS. This study was designed to estimate hormonal parameters in different phenotypes of PCOS. The cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2019. Data were collected from purposively selected 107 patients with PCOS by interview, clinical examination and laboratory investigations using a pretested case record form. Data were analyzed by computer software, SPSS-version 22.0. Hormonal parameters in different phenotypes of PCOS were compared with ANOVA test. Phenotype A was found in highest number (59.8%) followed by phenotype B (14.9%), phenotype D (14.0%) and phenotype C (11.2%). Biochemical hyperandrogenism was observed highest in phenotype A (57.8%) followed by phenotype B (36.4%) and phenotype C (6.1%). Biochemical or clinical hyperandrogenism was not observed among patients of phenotype D. Altered LH:FSH ratio was high in phenotype A (14.1%) and Phenotype B (2.8%). Increased serum prolactin level was found highest in phenotype A (10.3%) and increased serum TSH was found highest in phenotype D (4.7%). Statistically significant difference was observed among levels of serum testosterone of different phenotypes (p<0.001). Hormonal derangements among different phenotypes reflect the severity of reproductive dysfunction and metabolic aberrations. Screening for metabolic risks of diverse phenotypes is important to detect and prevent long term health consequences of PCOS.

Milestones of Development in Infancy: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh.

The timing of milestone is influenced by many factors. Sex and socioeconomic status has significant effect to some psycomotor milestones. The study was conducted to determine the pattern of milestones of development of infants in our country and to compare it in different sex and socioeconomic condition. It was a hospital based prospective study done in Sir Sallimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2014 to November 2015. Healthy term newborn infants with average birth weight were included in this study and milestones of this birth cohort were assessed monthly from birth to 12 months of age by using a set of 60 milestones. Total number of 217 babies was enrolled but during follow up 0.9% developed meningitis, 43.7% was lost to follow up and 55.2% of the cohort was followed up to 12 months of age. Among 120 babies 51.7% were male, 48.3% were female babies and 51.7% belong to lower, 32.5% middle and 15.8% upper socioeconomic group. There was no significant difference between male and female infants achieving most of the milestones of development except in language development in which female infants were little bit higher than male infants.

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Correlation between Computed Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The purpose of this study is to diagnose Legg-Calve-Perthes disease by computed radiography and Magnetic resonance imaging and accurate staging and correlating the findings of these two modalities. Thirty five (35) patients complaining pain in groins and painful walking, after thorough physical examinations were sent to Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh for computed radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2018. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease among the selected 35 cases were started at the age of 5(2.9%) and age range of the patients were 5-13 years; mean age was (9.63±1.82) years and most of them belonged to 8-10 years of age (51.4%). Patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease had been suffering from pain in right and left groins forvarious durations. Maximum duration was 1-2 years (~88.57%). Maximum proportion of diagnosed patients was delivered by normal delivery (60%) and maximum proportion of patients was premature (65.7%). Most of the patients were low birth weight baby (65.7%). Here chi-square test was done and found no significant relationship between delivery mode and birth weight in case of Legg-Calve-Perthesdisease (x²=1.712) (P=0.191). The result of the X-ray and MRI findings by cross table of chi square test found fair inter relationship between two diagnostic instruments. Result found fine difference in staging of the disease between X-ray and MRI findings. It can be said that MRI definitely a better tool for early diagnosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and its staging but X-ray modality can be used. A primary tool for diagnosis and staging of the disease can be done where the MRI facility is not available or cost expensive for patient.

The Role of Histological Assessment of Distal Doughnut in Low Anterior Resection for Low Rectal Cancer.

Anterior resection (AR), especially low anterior resection (LAR), for low rectal cancer and colorectal anastomosis is a technical challenge to surgeons. But by using circular stapling devices now it is possible make more LARs technically feasible. A stapled end-to-end colorectal anastomosis is increasingly adopted following a low anterior resection for low rectal cancer. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from December 2015 to December 2016. The ensuing doughnuts created from the stapling device are routinely sent for histological analysis. However, its efficacy remains debatable. This study aims to determine the role of sending distal doughnut for histological examination following a stapled end-to-end colorectal anastomosis done in low anterior resection for low rectal cancers.