Impact of adding zeolite to broilers' diet and litter on growth, blood parameters, immunity, and ammonia emission.

This work was designed to assess the impact of varying zeolite concentrations in diet and litter to enhance broiler's growth performance, immunity, and litter quality. A complete random arrangement was used for distributing 525 unsexed "Cobb 500" broiler chicks into seven treatments (75 chick / treatment), each treatment divided into 3 replicates (25 chicks / replicate). The 1st group (control one) received the recommended basal diet. Zeolite has been introduced to the basal diet (ZD) of the second, third, and fourth groups at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. The 5th, 6th and 7th groups used zeolite mixed with litter (ZL) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/m2 of litter, respectively. Due to the obtained results, adding zeolite with levels 15 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1 m2 of litter, a significant improvement occurred in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Also, transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST), creatinine, white blood cells (WBCs) and different Immunoglobulins were significantly increased with different zeolite levels, except urea concentrations which showed reduced due to different zeolite treatments. In addition, spleen relative weight hasn't been affected by zeolite treatments, even though thymus and bursa relative weights had been affected significantly. Moreover, the antibodies' production to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian influenza virus (AIV) had increased significantly with adding zeolite with levels 10 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1m2 of litter. Litter quality traits (NH3 concentration, pH values, and Moisture content) were improved with zeolite addition. So, zeolite could be employed in both feed and litter of broilers to maximize their production, immunity and improve farm's climate.

Pathological Changes Following Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy (NAET): A Multicentre Study of 391 Breast Cancers.

Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) is generally well responsive to endocrine therapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) is increasingly being used for downstaging ER-positive tumours. This study aims to analyse the effect of NAET on a well-characterised cohort of ER-positive BC with particular emphasis on receptor expression. This is a retrospective United Kingdom (UK) multicentre study of 391 patients who received NAET between October 2012 and October 2020. Detailed analyses of the paired pre- and post-NAET morphological changes and hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression were performed. The median duration of NAET was 86 days, with median survival and overall survival rates of 380 days and 93.4%, respectively. A total of 90.3% of cases achieved a pathological partial response, with a significantly higher rate of response in the HER2-low cancers. Following NAET, BC displayed some pathological changes involving the tumour stroma including central scarring and an increase in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumour cell morphology. Significant changes associated with the duration of NAET were observed in tumour grade (30.6% of cases), with downgrading identified in 19.3% of tumours (p < 0.001). The conversion of ER status from positive to low or negative was insignificant. The conversion of progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status to negative status was observed in 31.3% and 38.1% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001). HER2-low breast cancer decreased from 63% to 37% following NAET in the paired samples. Significant morphological and biomarker changes involving PR and HER2 expression occurred following NAET. The findings support biomarker testing on pre-treatment core biopsies and post-treatment residual carcinoma.

Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions.

Various histopathological, clinical and imaging parameters have been evaluated to identify a subset of women diagnosed with lesions with uncertain malignant potential (B3 or BIRADS 3/4A lesions) who could safely be observed rather than being treated with surgical excision, with little impact on clinical practice. The primary reason for surgery is to rule out an upgrade to either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. We hypothesised that the stromal immune microenvironment could indicate the presence of carcinoma associated with a ductal B3 lesion and that this could be detected in biopsies by counting lymphocytes as a predictive biomarker for upgrade. A higher number of lymphocytes in the surrounding specialised stroma was observed in upgraded ductal and papillary B3 lesions than non-upgraded (p < 0.01, negative binomial model, n = 307). We developed a model using lymphocytes combined with age and the type of lesion, which was predictive of upgrade with an area under the curve of 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.77-0.87]. The model can identify some patients at risk of upgrade with high sensitivity, but with limited specificity. Assessing the tumour microenvironment including stromal lymphocytes may contribute to reducing unnecessary surgeries in the clinic, but additional predictive features are needed.

Investigation of groundwater and its seasonal variation in a rural region in Natore, Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, groundwater is the most widely used source of drinking water for rural communities. However, the groundwater quality is degraded by natural contaminants and anthropogenic pollution. Groundwater is a reliable and sustainable source of safe water for irrigation and domestic purposes, especially during the dry season. The water quality assessment data for the study area was not found in the literature. This study aims to assess groundwater quality and seasonal variation in a rural area of five unions of Bagatipara Upazila, Natore, and its suitability for drinking purposes by measuring the Water Quality Index (WQI). The groundwater of five unions, namely Dayarampur, Bagatipara, Faguardiar, Jamnagar, and Pacca, has been selected for investigation. The electrical conductivity (EC), color, and turbidity exceeded the ECR guidelines. EC showed a positive correlation with total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), and turbidity. On the other hand, dissolved oxygen (DO), hardness, chloride, carbon-di-oxide (CO2), and iron (Fe) concentrations varied based on the location of the sampling points. The bacteriological parameters TC and E. coli were found in most of the samples, which indicate the potential sources of contaminants such as septic tank leakage and inadequate waste disposal systems. The groundwater quality was found not to be influenced by seasonal variation except by pH, DO, and CO2. The Water Quality Index (WQI) spatial mapping demonstrated that during the post-monsoon period, the water quality of the central part of Bagatipara upazila was in 'good' condition, which was in Bagatipara, Fagurdiar, and Pacca unions, whereas during the pre-monsoon season, the 'good' condition was found very limited to Fagurdiar union only. The study revealed that the groundwater of Bagtipara Upazila is not suitable for drinking water due to the presence of TC and E. Coli as well as 'poor' to 'unsuitable' conditions in most of the areas based on WQI.

Green and sensitive detection of olopatadine in aqueous humor using a signal-on fluorimetric approach: GREEnness assessment.

Olopatadine (OLP) is widely utilized as an effective antihistaminic drug for alleviating ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. With its frequent usage in pharmacies, there arises a pressing need for a cost-effective, easily implementable, environmentally sustainable detection method with high sensitivity. This study presents a novel signal-on fluorimetric method for detecting OLP in both its pure form and aqueous humor. The proposed approach depends on enhancing the weak intrinsic fluorescence emission of OLP, achieving a remarkable increase of up to 680% compared to its intrinsic fluorescence. This enhancement is achieved by forming micelles around protonated OLP using an acetate buffer (pH 3.6) and incorporating a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. A strong correlation (R = 0.9996) is observed between the concentration of OLP and fluorescence intensities ranging from 1.0 to 100.0 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.22 ng mL-1. This described method is successfully employed for quantifying OLP in both its powder form and pharmaceutical eye drops. Furthermore, it demonstrates robust performance in determining OLP in artificial aqueous humor with a percentage recovery of 99.05 ± 1.51, with minimal interference from matrix interferents. Moreover, the greenness of the described method was evaluated.

Formic acid as an antibiotic alternative in broiler diets: effects on growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and intestinal microbial load.

This study explored the ability of formic acid (FA) to replace antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. It examined how FA affected the chickens' growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and gut bacteria. The experiment randomly assigned 300 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks to 5 groups, each divided into 6 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks. The following were the treatments: 1st group, negative control (NC): only received a basal diet; 2nd group, positive control (PC): received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 grams of Colistin antibiotic per kilogram of diet; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups (FA2, FA4, and FA6) these groups received a basal diet along with formic acid added at increasing levels: 2, 4, and 6 Cm3 per kilogram of diet, respectively. Results found no significant differences in live body weight (LBW) or body weight gain (BWG) between treatment groups, except for LBW at one week and BWG at 0 to 1 and 4 to 5 wk of age. No significant variations were found in feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatment groups, excluding FI and FCR at 1 to 2 wk of age. The treatments significantly impacted carcass traits, dressing percentage, breast meat, thigh meat, spleen, giblets, blood levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin, as well as the activity of enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in chicks fed different diets compared to control groups. The addition of FA to the diet significantly impacted antioxidant levels. Also, the FA2 group had the highest total bacterial count (TBC). However, the FA6 group was the opposite; it had the lowest levels of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli and Coliform. Supplementing broiler diets with formic acid improves blood parameters, antioxidant activity, and gut bacteria counts, with 4.0 cm³ formic acid/kg diet supplementation promoting optimal broiler health and product quality.

The reprotoxic adverse side effects of neurogenic and neuroprotective drugs: current use of human organoid modeling as a potential alternative to preclinical models.

The management of neurological disorders heavily relies on neurotherapeutic drugs, but notable concerns exist regarding their possible negative effects on reproductive health. Traditional preclinical models often fail to accurately predict reprotoxicity, highlighting the need for more physiologically relevant systems. Organoid models represent a promising approach for concurrently studying neurotoxicity and reprotoxicity, providing insights into the complex interplay between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive systems. Herein, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotherapeutic drug-induced reprotoxicity and discussed experimental findings from case studies. Additionally, we explore the utility of organoid models in elucidating the reproductive complications of neurodrug exposure. Have discussed the principles of organoid models, highlighting their ability to recapitulate neurodevelopmental processes and simulate drug-induced toxicity in a controlled environment. Challenges and future perspectives in the field have been addressed with a focus on advancing organoid technologies to improve reprotoxicity assessment and enhance drug safety screening. This review underscores the importance of organoid models in unraveling the complex relationship between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive health.

Alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols in dromedary camel.

This study explored the alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols (SOP) in dromedary camel. The kisspeptin and reproductive hormonal profile, ovarian response, and the quality and quantity of embryos in dromedary camel donors were evaluated. A total of thirty donor camels were divided into two groups: the 5dSOP group, which received diluent containing 400 mg pFSH dissolved in 20 ml and administered two times daily for 5 days at decreasing doses (2.5, 2, 1.5, and 1 ml); and the 3dSOP group, which received diluent containing 400 mg pFSH dissolved in 12 ml and administered two times daily for 3 days at decreasing doses (3 ml, 2 ml, and 1 ml). Ultrasonography was used to monitor the ovarian environment, recording daily follicle count and dimensions and the time taken for follicles to mature. On the sixth day after mating, a corpus luteum (CL) count was conducted. On the 8th day after mating, records of the quantity and quality of embryos collected were kept. Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected at the commencement of the superovulation protocol and at 8:00 a.m. for the following 48 h to measure the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), kisspeptin (KP), and progesterone (P4). The findings indicated that the 3dSOP yielded superior results compared to the 5dSOP in terms of follicle quantity and size, as well as the quantity of CL and embryos. This improvement was attributed to significantly higher concentrations of reproductive hormones, including FSH, LH, E2, kisspeptin, and P4 (P ≤ 0.05), in the 3dSOP than in the 5dSOP. In conclusion, reducing the duration of superovulation protocols contributed to the proliferation of follicles with improved dimensions and counts, ultimately resulting in a greater quantity of embryos of superior quality. The levels of FSH, LH, E2, KP, and P4 were affected significantly by SOP and time of evaluation.

Design of a metasurface deflector for guided absorption enhancement in a Si PIN photodiode.

We numerically demonstrated a surface-illuminated Si PIN photodiode (PD) structure with a metasurface composed of etched isosceles triangle pillars that can enhance sensitivity in the near-infrared wavelength range (NIR) by enabling directional scattering (DS) of photons. The metasurface is designed to act as a deflector to increase the absorption efficiency by extending the photon dwell time. This is particularly effective in thin intrinsic layers (i-layers) of silicon, surpassing the capabilities of conventional omnidirectional scattering gratings. Our results show a 3.5-fold increase in internal quantum efficiency over wavelengths above 0.9 µm compared to the structure without metasurface. The absorption enhancement brought about by directional scattering is not limited to thin i-layers; it can potentially improve a wide range of photodiode geometries and structures. Furthermore, the proposed structure, consisting of an all-Si layer and a simple geometric etching process, makes it compatible with foundry fabrication methods and opens up new possibilities for expanding applications of Si PDs.

Quality improvement of frozen cooked noodles by protein addition.

This study investigated the impact of protein enrichment on the physicochemical, cooking, textural, and color properties of frozen cooked noodles (FCN) stored for 0-3 weeks at -18 °C. Incorporating casein, egg white protein, and soy protein into the noodles significantly increased moisture content, with casein-enriched noodles showing the highest initial moisture levels. The addition of proteins also led to increased ash content, indicating improved nutritional quality. Protein enrichment resulted in reduced cooking loss and enhanced water retention during cooking and frozen storage. Casein-enriched noodles exhibited the highest water absorption capacity and the most substantial enhancement in textural properties, maintaining cohesiveness, gumminess, and elasticity better than egg white protein and soy protein during storage. The results indicated that egg white protein promotes intermolecular interactions, leading to enhanced color stability over time. These findings suggest that enriching with the protein could be a viable approach to elevate the overall quality of FCN.

Unique Hyperspectral Response Design Enabled by Periodic Surface Textures in Photodiodes.

The applications of hyperspectral imaging across disciplines such as healthcare, automobiles, forensics, and astronomy are constrained by the requirement for intricate filters and dispersion lenses. By utilization of devices with engineered spectral responses and advanced signal processing techniques, the spectral imaging process can be made more approachable across various fields. We propose a spectral response design method employing photon-trapping surface textures (PTSTs), which eliminates the necessity for external diffraction optics and facilitates system miniaturization. We have developed an analytical model to calculate electromagnetic wave coupling using the effective refractive index of silicon in the presence of PTST. We have extensively validated the model against simulations and experimental data, ensuring the accuracy of our predictions. We observe a strong linear relationship between the peak coupling wavelength and the PTST period along with a moderate proportional relation to the PTST diameters. Additionally, we identify a significant correlation between inter-PTST spacing and wave propagation modes. The experimental validation of the model is conducted using PTST-equipped photodiodes fabricated through complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible processes. Further, we demonstrate the electrical and optical performance of these PTST-equipped photodiodes to show high speed (response time: 27 ps), high gain (multiplication gain, M: 90), and a low operating voltage (breakdown voltage: ∼ 8.0 V). Last, we utilize the distinctive response of the fabricated PTST-equipped photodiode to simulate hyperspectral imaging, providing a proof of principle. These findings are crucial for the progression of on-chip integration of high-performance spectrometers, guaranteeing real-time data manipulation, and cost-effective production of hyperspectral imaging systems.

Functional Assessment of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Using Squat-to-stand Test.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD affects the lungs and produces significant systemic consequences. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of COPD after 40 years of age is 21.24% and the general population is 4.3%. COPD leads to a sedentary life, which reduces the functional status of the individual. Functional status assessment is vital for appropriate therapy and rehabilitation programs in COPD patients. A Sit-to-stand test (STST) has been proposed as a better alternative to 6MWT, but a Squat-to-stand test (SqTST) to test their ability to stand from the squatting position will be more appropriate in rural patients. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional observational design from July 2020 and September 2021 in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Bangladesh. Sixty (60) diagnosed cases of COPD patients were enrolled in this study. Severities of airflow obstruction according to GOLD were categorized on the basis of post-bronchodilator FEV1 by spirometry. SqTST was performed on all patients, and functional status was recorded. All data were collected using a preformed questionnaire. Statistical analyses of the findings were carried out using SPSS version 23.0. In this study, the majority of 21(35.0%) patients had very severe COPD, and almost half (48.3%) of the patients had abnormal SqTST. A significant relation was found between the severity of COPD with SqTST (p=0.001). Based on the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve, SqTST had an area under curve 0.901. SqTST had 82.1% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, 83.3% accuracy, 91.4% positive predictive value, and 72.0% negative predictive value to find severe COPD cases in stable COPD patients. ROC was constructed using SqTST, which gave a cut-off value <7.0, with 82.1% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for predicting severe COPD. From this study, it may be concluded that SqTST is a clinically useful tool to assess the functional status of stable COPD patients.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level with Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. Some previous studies suggest that elevated serum homocysteine level is a risk factor for stroke, ischemic heart disease; atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. Serum homocysteine level relates with Parkinson's disease through various mechanisms including gene defect, apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Some recent studies reveal that serum homocysteine level is elevated in Parkinson's disease patient compared to healthy individuals. This study was aimed to compare the serum homocysteine level in Parkinson's disease patients and age and sex matched apparently healthy individuals. This was a case control study which was conducted in Department of Neurology and Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during November 2019 to April 2021. Total 55 cases of Parkinson's disease patients and age and sex matched 55 apparently healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Demographics and clinical data were collected using structured case record form and adopting purposive type of sampling method. Serum homocysteine level was measured in both case and control groups. The study reveals that, average age of the patients and control group was in sixth decade. Male predominance was found with male to female ratio was 1.5:1 in case group. Both groups showed almost similar demographic profiles. Twenty-nine (52.72%) patients of Parkinson's disease observed higher serum homocysteine level in contrast to only 8(14.54%) in control group. The mean serum homocysteine ±SD was 15.43±6.04µmol/L in case group and 10.04±5.31µmol/L in control group; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean serum homocysteine levels were measured progressively higher with increased duration and advanced stages of disease. It was concluded that, serum homocysteine level is higher in Parkinson's disease patients than normal healthy individuals. In addition, there was significant positive correlation of elevated serum homocysteine with increased duration of Parkinson's disease and advanced stages of the disease.

An Alarming Rise of Candidemia Caused by Non-Albicans Candida Species in Intensive Care Unit in Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

In Intensive Care Units (ICUs) infection represents the most frequent complication leading to high mortality. Particularly the incidence of fungal infections, especially due to Candida spp., has been increasing during the last years. Over last two decades there is predominance of Non albicans Candida (NAC) infection with increased isolation of novel species and decreased susceptibility. Early identification of Candida species and determination of antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential for effective management. Therefore, the study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida species from the blood samples of the patients suspected of candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility pattern. This cross-sectional, descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from March 2021 to February 2022. Venous blood was collected from clinically suspected patients admitted at ICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Primary blood culture was performed by automated method followed by sub-culture in Saboraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and blood agar media. Candida species were recognized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method (BMD). Out of 125 blood specimens collected, Candida species were isolated from 39(31.0%) blood samples of which NAC species were 35(89.0%) whereas C. albicans was only 4(10.2%). Eight (8) different Candida species were identified of which C. parapsilosis was predominant 16(41.0%). Rare and emerging drug resistant species of C. ciferrii 23.0%, C. auris 7.7%, C. rugosa 10.3%, C. lusitaniae 2.6% were also isolated. Candidemia was highest in neonate 33(84.61%) with male predominance 24(61.54%). Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, pre-maturity and low birth weight (LBW) were found to be important risk factors. In candidemia the highest resistance was to Fluconazole-33% and lowest to Voriconazole-5%. The study showed that NAC species were more common with emergence of rare and multidrug resistant species.

Evaluation of Determinants to Achieve Target Urea Reduction Ratio on Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Bangladesh.

Among patients with chronic kidney disease stage-5 who are treated with dialysis, the urea clearance during hemodialysis is a determinant of the mortality. Decreased serum albumin, serum calcium but increased phosphorus is associated with reduction of URR and mortality in these patients. This study was to compare two groups Urea Reduction Ratio (URR) and different type of biochemical parameters. URR was aimed to target according to Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline. This study was an observational study was carried out in the department of Nephrology. Serum Albumin, serum calcium, phosphate, hemoglobin and pre dialysis urea, post dialysis urea were measured from blood sample. URR was calculated by = (1- postdialysis urea/predialysis urea) × 100. Among the patients who under went hemodialysis, 17.31% patients URR was more than 65.0% and Mean±SD of URR was 67.21±1.9%. On the other hand, 82.68% patients URR was less than 65.0% and Mean±SD of URR was 57.4±5.2%. Most of the Biochemical parameters in this study were significantly different between two groups. Where as, there was no significant difference in Age, Sex, Body Mass Index (BMI). The URR is an accurate indicator, can help determination of adequate dialysis. This study aimed to find out the mean value of the urea reduction ratio and the association of biochemical parameters among End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Needle Biopsy of Pleura in the Aetiological Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion.

Exudative pleural effusion appears as manifestation of underlying specific disease process and pleural biopsy is usually enough to find out the underlying causative disease. The aim of the study was to find out the efficacy of needle biopsy of pleura in the aetiological diagnosis of pleural effusion. This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year from January 2008 to December 2008 in the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh enrolling 50 subjects with exudative pleural effusion. The cases with transudative pleural effusion were not included. Needle biopsy was done in all the cases. Histopathological reports of pleural biopsy specimen were correlated with other data and analyzed to detect the causes of effusion. Major incidence of malignant effusion occurred between 41 to 70 years of age. No malignant effusion was found before 30 years of age. Incidence of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion was much more common in males than in females. Sensitivity and specificity of combined pleural biopsy and pleural fluid analysis in the diagnosis of pleural effusion was 97.06% and 100.% for tuberculosis and 81.82% and 100.0% for malignancy. The present study reveals that pleural biopsy was very effective method in the diagnosis of cause of pleural effusion.

Early Postoperative Outcome Following Laparoscopic Surgeries in Rectal Malignancies.

Rectal malignancies that require abdominoperineal resection (APR) and Anterior resection (AR) is very common. Laparoscopic APR or AR can be a better option. This study observed the feasibility of this newer technique for alternative to conventional open method. This prospective type of observational study was comprised of patients with diagnosis of rectal cancer, who admitted to BIRDEM General Hospital for Laparoscopic APR or AR from November 2015 to April 2016. Among 19 patients, age range was from 20-78 years, mean age was 49.84±17.04 years. Male: female ratio was 12:7 (63.2%:36.8%). Twelve (12) patients underwent Laparoscopic APR, 6 Laparoscopic AR, one conversion (conversion rate - 5.3%). Less analgesics were required, a mean of 5.61±1.57 dose/ample/mg opioid injections needed for 4.05 days. An early postoperative ambulation (2.16±0.76 days) was noted. Mean post-operative hospital stay was 11.53±1.98 days. Laparoscopic APR or AR is a safe, effective and technically feasible procedure. It can be a better operative procedure in terms of early postoperative outcome such as less analgesics requirement, early ambulation and shorter hospital stay.

Association between Serum Vitamin D Level and Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorder and third most common cause of death in the world. Low vitamin D concentrations have been shown to predict risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause of mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate serum vitamin D level in acute ischemic stroke patients. This comparative cross-sectional type of study was conducted in the Department of Neurology and Department of Medicine at Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh from November 2017 to June 2019 with a total number of 100 study subjects. Total fifty patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in Group A and another fifty age and sex matched volunteer subjects were enrolled in Group B with no prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Serum vitamin D levels, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile were assessed in both groups and compared with each other. P value <0.05 was considered as significant in the study. Mean fasting blood sugar, serum fasting total cholesterol (TC), serum fasting triglycerides, serum fasting Low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher in Group A than Group B (p<0.05). Serum vitamin D level in Group A was 25.28±8.47ng/ml and in Group B was 30.90±5.80, (p=0.001). Insufficient vitamin D level was found in 52.0% of ischemic stroke patients and in 30% of healthy controls (p=0.0002). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 20.0% ischemic stroke patients and 10.0% in healthy controls. This study demonstrates a positive association between low serum vitamin D level and acute ischemic stroke. Further studies are required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation could improve functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke.

Calculated Fracture Risk among Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Osteoporotic Women.

Vertebral and Hip fractures are the commonly encountered in low bone mass condition termed as osteoporosis. Bone mass and structure also affected by hypertension leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care centers in Dhaka metropolis from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017 under the department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) to assess whether HTN is linked with higher OP fracture risk. In this study 54 hypertensive and 34 non-hypertensive osteoporotic female patients were involved. After face to face interview data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Online assessment of fracture risk probability was done among the two groups by Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23.0). In this study it is found that the mean ages were 61.94±9.362 years and 59.18±11.269 years for hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients respectively. Most of the patients with hypertensive (96.3%) and non-hypertensive (82.4%) were housewives. Mean duration of hypertension in osteoporotic women was 6.41±4.049 years while mean duration of osteoporosis was 8.80±5.022 years and 7.53±5.920 years in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients respectively. The difference in risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) by age was significantly (Χ², p<0.05) higher among patients aged 60-79 years and remarkably higher in hypertensive patients. In hypertensive patients though the risk of MOF by hypertension was relatively higher but it was not significant statistically (Χ², p>0.05). However the risk of hip fracture (HF) by hypertension was relatively higher among hypertensive patients and it was significant statistically (Χ², p<0.05). This reflects that the risk of hip fracture is higher significantly in hypertensive patients.

Magnetized cubic zinc MOFs for efficient removal of hazardous cationic and anionic dyes in aqueous solutions.

A significant amount of dye runoff and aqueous waste are released from the manufacturing process of dyes with intense and permanent colors, which are undesirable from a cultural and ecological aspect. In this paper, we present a green, simple, low-effort, and energy-efficient method of creating magnetized cubic Zn-MOFs for the adsorption and elimination of various organic dyes. Magnetic iron oxide materials with a hierarchical structure were loaded and doped into cubic zinc metal-organic frameworks (MDLZ). High magnetic characteristics, chemical stability, minimal toxicity, and ease of removing various dyes from aqueous effluents are all exhibited by the developed MDLZ adsorbent. To assess MDLZ's capacity to adsorb organic dyes from an aqueous solution, organic dyes such as Crystal Violet (CV), Neutral Red (NR), and Congo Red (CR) were used as model materials. Many adsorption factors were examined, including temperature, pH, contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. Under optimal elimination circumstances, MDLZ was utilized to evaluate the kinetic, thermodynamic, and isotherm models for the adsorption of CR, NR, and CV dyes. The adsorption capacity (q m) of the MDLZ adsorbent at 25 °C was 39.37 mg g-1 for CV, 239.81 mg g-1 for CR, and 321.54 mg g-1 for NR, which is significantly higher than those of other adsorbents reported. The magnetized nanocubes' large surface area and uniform micropores enabled them to eliminate a large number of organic dyes from wastewater effectively, and their strong adsorption capability persisted even after four reuse cycles. The microporous MLDZ adsorbent offers a simple and effective method for handling industrial effluents and filtration of water.