Natural Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles Coated with Phosphatidylcholine.

A nanocarrier was obtained by coating the natural clinoptilolite particle surface with a phosphatidylcholine layer. The shell effective size does not exceed the thickness of the phospholipid molecular layer, which was confirmed by UV spectrometry and molecular mass spectrometry. The hydrodynamic diameter of the formulated nanocarrier, which was determined by dynamic light scattering, is smaller than the clinoptilolite core size. This effect is assumed to be caused by the phospholipid shell, which reduces the aqueous medium friction. The nanosize of the formulated nanocarrier, the natural clinoptilolite core, and the phospholipid shell together allow a combination of fruitful features that can be used for the fabrication of multifunctional platforms for the delivery of biologically active substances, bioimaging, or as a basis for biosensors.

Low-Intensity Femtosecond Radiation Activates the Natural Defenses of Mice in vivo.

The possibility of induction of cytogenetic damage in the bone marrow, changes in the cellularity of lymphoid organs and blood composition in mice irradiated with low-intensity femtosecond laser radiation at a power flux density of 5.1, 10.4, and 52 mJ/cm2 (0.5 mW for 5, 10, and 50 s) in vivo was shown. Using the radiation adaptive response test (0.1 Gy + 1.5 Gy), it was found that, when mice were exposed to femtosecond laser radiation in high doses, the body's natural defenses were activated in the same narrow range of energy flux density (2-16 mJ/cm2) as in the case of X-ray irradiation in a dose of 0.1 Gy (4 mJ/cm2). The data obtained suggest a similar mechanism of activation of the body's natural defense upon exposure to low doses of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

Bacterial Film Disintegration with Electrochemically Reduced Water.

The aim of this work was to study the fine structure of bacterial films grown on the inner tube surface of a flow reactor. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approaches, the detailed biofilm relief was visualized. The action of electrochemically reduced water (ERW) on the biofilm ultrastructure generated by the plankton form of E. coli and/or lacto bacteria was investigated. The treatment with an ERW solution destroyed the biofilm organic polymer matrix and bacterial cells embedded in the matrix.

[Biophysical basis of medical thermovision].

Characteristics of the thermal relief of the human body are reviewed. It is shown that the usage of thermovision in medical diagnostics requires the simultaneous and compatible consideration in the research process of three components: the contribution of the object itself, the influence of the medium through which the infrared radiation passes and the instrumental parameters of the infrared imager registering this radiation.

[A model for the development of stable competitive interrelations in the self-organization of biosystems].

A model is proposed that allows one to reveal specific features of the biosystem dynamics based on competitive processes of binary interaction. The model assumes a two-level hierarchy of system organization. Objects at the lower level of a system being investigated interact in a random way. The upper level determines the modulation of the development of a random process at the lower level. The application of the results of modeling to processes such as oxygen transport by proteins, adaptation of living organisms to varying environment, muscle contraction, and adaptation to stresses is discussed.

[Dynamics of bacterial population waves in relation to the function of chemotaxis response].

The time of formation and rate of bacterial population waves as a function of substrate concentration has been investigated. It was shown both theoretically and in experiment that the time of wave formation increases with substrate concentration. At the same time, the rate of wave propagation decreases at relatively high substrate concentrations. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of bacterial population waves in different chemotaxis responses was carried out in in silico experiments with the Keller-Segel model.

[Perfluorcarbon nanocontainers with the nitric oxide transfer function].

Hydrophobic nanocontainers in the blood channel of the organism promote rapid delivery or removal of some physiologically active compounds. At sites of excess, physiologically active compounds are loaded into nanocontainers and are transferred by the blood flow inside the organism. The realization of such systems is illustrated by an example of oxygen and nitric oxide transfer by perfluorcarbon nanocontainers. The efficiency of the delivery of the physiologically active compounds by means of nanocontainers has been also analyzed.

[Clock synchronization in various modes of regulation].

In this study, which is dedicated to the participants of I. M. Gelfand's scientific seminar, the regulation mechanisms for the clock synchronization in an isolated biological community are analyzed. A comparison has been carried out of the time consumed and the work done taking into account the specific error value for three modes of regulation: centralized regulation, centralized hierarchy regulation, and self-organization based on paired interaction. The results of the study may have different biophysical applications.

[Soliton-like and non-soliton regimes of interaction of taxis waves (illustrated with an example of bacterial population waves)].

It has been shown in our previous studies that, during collision, bacterial population waves can penetrate each other or stop. In the present study, the mechanism of the two regimes of interaction is considered in detail. Based on the experimental and theoretical research, it has been shown that this interaction is a vivid example to confirm one of the characteristic properties of waves in cross-diffusion systems.

[New artificial blood: sensation without any sensation (comments to the article in the journal New Scientist of 13 March, 2004)]. / Novaia iskusstvennaia krov': sensatsiia bez sensatsii (Kommentarii k stat'e v zhurnale New Scientist ot 13 marta 2004 goda).

In the article of Sylvia P. Westphal "New artificial blood shows promise" the sensational, at first sight, contention is adduced that numerous researchers engaged in the development of artificial blood substituents have many years followed the false pathway and did not understand the mechanisms of action of gas-transporting blood substituents, and now this understanding is available. In the paper being commented, the author gives three criteria that gas-transporting blood substituents must meet. The statement that the developers of gas-transporting blood substituents were unaware of these criteria is, in our opinion, questionable. We have known and have taken them into account development of the Russian gas-transporting blood substituent perftoran.

[Learning and selection create new information]. / Obuchenie i otbor sozdaiut novuiu informatsiiu.

Comments on the article of A.V. Melkikh "Can the Organism Select New Valuable Information from Environment?" are given.

[Explanation for the pyramid effect]. / Ob''iasnenie éffekta piramid.

It was established that the dynamics of volatile compounds from samples placed inside chambers is affected by the shape of the chambers. The mechanisms of this effect were analyzed. It was shown that the experimental results obtained previously are consistent with the theory. It was also shown that all phenomena observed in constructions of various shapes are described in terms of the known physical conceptions. Chambers with outside pulsating heating are variations of the known "Brown motor devices".

[Chemoattractants of Distyostelium discoideum (Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora, Eumycetozoa)]. / Khemoattraktanty Dictyostelium discoideum (Tip: Sarcomastigophora. Klass: Eumycetozoea).

The authors summarize data on interaction of protozoan Dictyostelium discoideum with folia acid and cyclic adenozinmonophosphate as chemoattractants. These substances play role of antagonists in the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum: one disperses cells in space and another gathers them into groups forming and organism. Analysis of interaction between Dictyostelium discoideum and environment allows to reveal that Deictyosteliceae has unique mechanism of adaptation of shortage of feeding resource--forming of multicellular organism with functional differentiation of cells. This mechanism could be found at different hierarchical levels of living organisms.

[Biophysics at the turn of the new millenium: perfluorocarbon media and gas-transporting blood substitutes]. / Biofizika na poroge novogo tysiacheletiia: perftoruglerodnye sredy i gazotransportnye krovezameniteli.

The results of 20-year investigations of perfluorocarbon gas-transporting emulsions for biological and medical applications performed by russian biophysicists together with chemists and clinicists are reviewed. As a result of these investigations, the blood substitute perftoran was created. Now this commercial blood substitute has different applications in clinics of Russia and other countries.