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1.
Nat Cancer ; 2024 Apr 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38565920

RESUMEN

The YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction mediates YAP oncogenic functions downstream of the Hippo pathway. To date, available YAP-TEAD pharmacologic agents bind into the lipid pocket of TEAD, targeting the interaction indirectly via allosteric changes. However, the consequences of a direct pharmacological disruption of the interface between YAP and TEADs remain largely unexplored. Here, we present IAG933 and its analogs as potent first-in-class and selective disruptors of the YAP-TEAD protein-protein interaction with suitable properties to enter clinical trials. Pharmacologic abrogation of the interaction with all four TEAD paralogs resulted in YAP eviction from chromatin and reduced Hippo-mediated transcription and induction of cell death. In vivo, deep tumor regression was observed in Hippo-driven mesothelioma xenografts at tolerated doses in animal models as well as in Hippo-altered cancer models outside mesothelioma. Importantly this also extended to larger tumor indications, such as lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer, in combination with RTK, KRAS-mutant selective and MAPK inhibitors, leading to more efficacious and durable responses. Clinical evaluation of IAG933 is underway.

2.
Cancer Discov ; 14(5): 846-865, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456804

RESUMEN

Oncology drug combinations can improve therapeutic responses and increase treatment options for patients. The number of possible combinations is vast and responses can be context-specific. Systematic screens can identify clinically relevant, actionable combinations in defined patient subtypes. We present data for 109 anticancer drug combinations from AstraZeneca's oncology small molecule portfolio screened in 755 pan-cancer cell lines. Combinations were screened in a 7 × 7 concentration matrix, with more than 4 million measurements of sensitivity, producing an exceptionally data-rich resource. We implement a new approach using combination Emax (viability effect) and highest single agent (HSA) to assess combination benefit. We designed a clinical translatability workflow to identify combinations with clearly defined patient populations, rationale for tolerability based on tumor type and combination-specific "emergent" biomarkers, and exposures relevant to clinical doses. We describe three actionable combinations in defined cancer types, confirmed in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on hematologic cancers and apoptotic targets. SIGNIFICANCE: We present the largest cancer drug combination screen published to date with 7 × 7 concentration response matrices for 109 combinations in more than 750 cell lines, complemented by multi-omics predictors of response and identification of "emergent" combination biomarkers. We prioritize hits to optimize clinical translatability, and experimentally validate novel combination hypotheses. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales/métodos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico
3.
Oncogene ; 41(46): 5046-5060, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36241868

RESUMEN

The PI3K pathway is commonly activated in breast cancer, with PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors used clinically. However, mechanisms that limit or enhance the therapeutic effects of PI3K-AKT inhibitors are poorly understood at a genome-wide level. Parallel CRISPR screens in 3 PTEN-null breast cancer cell lines identified genes mediating resistance to capivasertib (AKT inhibitor) and AZD8186 (PI3Kß inhibitor). The dominant mechanism causing resistance is reactivated PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, but not other canonical signalling pathways. Deletion of TSC1/2 conferred resistance to PI3Kßi and AKTi through mTORC1. However, deletion of PIK3R2 and INPPL1 drove specific PI3Kßi resistance through AKT. Conversely deletion of PIK3CA, ERBB2, ERBB3 increased PI3Kßi sensitivity while modulation of RRAGC, LAMTOR1, LAMTOR4 increased AKTi sensitivity. Significantly, we found that Mcl-1 loss enhanced response through rapid apoptosis induction with AKTi and PI3Kßi in both sensitive and drug resistant TSC1/2 null cells. The combination effect was BAK but not BAX dependent. The Mcl-1i + PI3Kß/AKTi combination was effective across a panel of breast cancer cell lines with PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and delivered increased anti-tumor benefit in vivo. This study demonstrates that different resistance drivers to PI3Kßi and AKTi converge to reactivate PI3K-AKT or mTOR signalling and combined inhibition of Mcl-1 and PI3K-AKT has potential as a treatment strategy for PI3Kßi/AKTi sensitive and resistant breast tumours.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa Clase I/genética , Factores de Intercambio de Guanina Nucleótido
4.
Nature ; 603(7899): 166-173, 2022 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35197630

RESUMEN

Combinations of anti-cancer drugs can overcome resistance and provide new treatments1,2. The number of possible drug combinations vastly exceeds what could be tested clinically. Efforts to systematically identify active combinations and the tissues and molecular contexts in which they are most effective could accelerate the development of combination treatments. Here we evaluate the potency and efficacy of 2,025 clinically relevant two-drug combinations, generating a dataset encompassing 125 molecularly characterized breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines. We show that synergy between drugs is rare and highly context-dependent, and that combinations of targeted agents are most likely to be synergistic. We incorporate multi-omic molecular features to identify combination biomarkers and specify synergistic drug combinations and their active contexts, including in basal-like breast cancer, and microsatellite-stable or KRAS-mutant colon cancer. Our results show that irinotecan and CHEK1 inhibition have synergistic effects in microsatellite-stable or KRAS-TP53 double-mutant colon cancer cells, leading to apoptosis and suppression of tumour xenograft growth. This study identifies clinically relevant effective drug combinations in distinct molecular subpopulations and is a resource to guide rational efforts to develop combinatorial drug treatments.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias del Colon , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Combinación de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética
5.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 1661, 2021 03 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33712601

RESUMEN

CRISPR-Cas9 viability screens are increasingly performed at a genome-wide scale across large panels of cell lines to identify new therapeutic targets for precision cancer therapy. Integrating the datasets resulting from these studies is necessary to adequately represent the heterogeneity of human cancers and to assemble a comprehensive map of cancer genetic vulnerabilities. Here, we integrated the two largest public independent CRISPR-Cas9 screens performed to date (at the Broad and Sanger institutes) by assessing, comparing, and selecting methods for correcting biases due to heterogeneous single-guide RNA efficiency, gene-independent responses to CRISPR-Cas9 targeting originated from copy number alterations, and experimental batch effects. Our integrated datasets recapitulate findings from the individual datasets, provide greater statistical power to cancer- and subtype-specific analyses, unveil additional biomarkers of gene dependency, and improve the detection of common essential genes. We provide the largest integrated resources of CRISPR-Cas9 screens to date and the basis for harmonizing existing and future functional genetics datasets.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Línea Celular Tumoral , Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Espaciadas , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Genes Esenciales/genética , Genómica/métodos , Humanos , ARN Guía de Kinetoplastida/genética
6.
Mol Cancer Ther ; 20(2): 238-249, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33273059

RESUMEN

The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 (RAS/MAPK) signaling pathway is a major driver in oncogenesis and is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, primarily by mutations in BRAF or RAS genes. The clinical benefit of inhibitors of this pathway as single agents has only been realized in BRAF-mutant melanoma, with limited effect of single-agent pathway inhibitors in KRAS-mutant tumors. Combined inhibition of multiple nodes within this pathway, such as MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, may be necessary to effectively suppress pathway signaling in KRAS-mutant tumors and achieve meaningful clinical benefit. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of AZD0364, a novel, reversible, ATP-competitive ERK1/2 inhibitor with high potency and kinase selectivity. In vitro, AZD0364 treatment resulted in inhibition of proximal and distal biomarkers and reduced proliferation in sensitive BRAF-mutant and KRAS-mutant cell lines. In multiple in vivo xenograft models, AZD0364 showed dose- and time-dependent modulation of ERK1/2-dependent signaling biomarkers resulting in tumor regression in sensitive BRAF- and KRAS-mutant xenografts. We demonstrate that AZD0364 in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib (AZD6244 and ARRY142886), enhances efficacy in KRAS-mutant preclinical models that are moderately sensitive or resistant to MEK1/2 inhibition. This combination results in deeper and more durable suppression of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that is not achievable with single-agent treatment. The AZD0364 and selumetinib combination also results in significant tumor regressions in multiple KRAS-mutant xenograft models. The combination of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2 inhibition thereby represents a viable clinical approach to target KRAS-mutant tumors.


Asunto(s)
Bencimidazoles/uso terapéutico , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Pirazinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Pirazinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología
7.
Br J Cancer ; 124(5): 951-962, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33339894

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) has been linked with response to DNA-damaging agents (DDA) and PARP inhibitors. An in-depth understanding of several aspects of its role as a biomarker in cancer is missing, as is a comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of SLFN11 as a predictive biomarker to DDA and/or DNA damage-response inhibitor (DDRi) therapies. METHODS: We used a multidisciplinary effort combining specific immunohistochemistry, pharmacology tests, anticancer combination therapies and mechanistic studies to assess SLFN11 as a potential biomarker for stratification of patients treated with several DDA and/or DDRi in the preclinical and clinical setting. RESULTS: SLFN11 protein associated with both preclinical and patient treatment response to DDA, but not to non-DDA or DDRi therapies, such as WEE1 inhibitor or olaparib in breast cancer. SLFN11-low/absent cancers were identified across different tumour types tested. Combinations of DDA with DDRi targeting the replication-stress response (ATR, CHK1 and WEE1) could re-sensitise SLFN11-absent/low cancer models to the DDA treatment and were effective in upper gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancies. CONCLUSION: SLFN11 informs on the standard of care chemotherapy based on DDA and the effect of selected combinations with ATR, WEE1 or CHK1 inhibitor in a wide range of cancer types and models.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño del ADN , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Nivel de Atención , Animales , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Ratones , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
8.
Clin Cancer Res ; 26(24): 6535-6549, 2020 12 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32988967

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Targeting Bcl-2 family members upregulated in multiple cancers has emerged as an important area of cancer therapeutics. While venetoclax, a Bcl-2-selective inhibitor, has had success in the clinic, another family member, Bcl-xL, has also emerged as an important target and as a mechanism of resistance. Therefore, we developed a dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor that broadens the therapeutic activity while minimizing Bcl-xL-mediated thrombocytopenia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used structure-based chemistry to design a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and assessed the activity against in vitro cell lines, patient samples, and in vivo models. We applied pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling to integrate our understanding of on-target activity of the dual inhibitor in tumors and platelets across dose levels and over time. RESULTS: We discovered AZD4320, which has nanomolar affinity for Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and mechanistically drives cell death through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. AZD4320 demonstrates activity in both Bcl-2- and Bcl-xL-dependent hematologic cancer cell lines and enhanced activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples compared with the Bcl-2-selective agent venetoclax. A single intravenous bolus dose of AZD4320 induces tumor regression with transient thrombocytopenia, which recovers in less than a week, suggesting a clinical weekly schedule would enable targeting of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-dependent tumors without incurring dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. AZD4320 demonstrates monotherapy activity in patient-derived AML and venetoclax-resistant xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: AZD4320 is a potent molecule with manageable thrombocytopenia risk to explore the utility of a dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor across a broad range of tumor types with dysregulation of Bcl-2 prosurvival proteins.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Benzamidas/farmacología , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperidinas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonas/farmacología , Trombocitopenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína bcl-X/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis , Benzamidas/uso terapéutico , Proliferación Celular , Femenino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patología , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Sulfonas/uso terapéutico , Trombocitopenia/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia/patología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
9.
Mol Syst Biol ; 16(7): e9405, 2020 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32627965

RESUMEN

Low success rates during drug development are due, in part, to the difficulty of defining drug mechanism-of-action and molecular markers of therapeutic activity. Here, we integrated 199,219 drug sensitivity measurements for 397 unique anti-cancer drugs with genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screens in 484 cell lines to systematically investigate cellular drug mechanism-of-action. We observed an enrichment for positive associations between the profile of drug sensitivity and knockout of a drug's nominal target, and by leveraging protein-protein networks, we identified pathways underpinning drug sensitivity. This revealed an unappreciated positive association between mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCH5 dependency and sensitivity to MCL1 inhibitors in breast cancer cell lines. We also estimated drug on-target and off-target activity, informing on specificity, potency and toxicity. Linking drug and gene dependency together with genomic data sets uncovered contexts in which molecular networks when perturbed mediate cancer cell loss-of-fitness and thereby provide independent and orthogonal evidence of biomarkers for drug development. This study illustrates how integrating cell line drug sensitivity with CRISPR loss-of-function screens can elucidate mechanism-of-action to advance drug development.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Desarrollo de Medicamentos/métodos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales/métodos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Aptitud Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Inactivación de Genes , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Aptitud Genética/genética , Genómica , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/antagonistas & inhibidores , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/metabolismo , Programas Informáticos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo
10.
NPJ Syst Biol Appl ; 6(1): 16, 2020 06 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32487991

RESUMEN

Drug combinations can expand therapeutic options and address cancer's resistance. However, the combinatorial space is enormous precluding its systematic exploration. Therefore, synergy prediction strategies are essential. We here present an approach to prioritise drug combinations in high-throughput screens and to stratify synergistic responses. At the core of our approach is the observation that the likelihood of synergy increases when targeting proteins with either strong functional similarity or dissimilarity. We estimate the similarity applying a multitask machine learning approach to basal gene expression and response to single drugs. We tested 7 protein target pairs (representing 29 combinations) and predicted their synergies in 33 breast cancer cell lines. In addition, we experimentally validated predicted synergy of the BRAF/insulin receptor combination (Dabrafenib/BMS-754807) in 48 colorectal cancer cell lines. We anticipate that our approaches can be used for prioritization of drug combinations in large scale screenings, and to maximize the efficacy of drugs already known to induce synergy, ultimately enabling patient stratification.


Asunto(s)
Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Biología Computacional/métodos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Aprendizaje Automático , Oximas/farmacología
11.
Mol Syst Biol ; 16(2): e8664, 2020 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32073727

RESUMEN

Mechanistic modeling of signaling pathways mediating patient-specific response to therapy can help to unveil resistance mechanisms and improve therapeutic strategies. Yet, creating such models for patients, in particular for solid malignancies, is challenging. A major hurdle to build these models is the limited material available that precludes the generation of large-scale perturbation data. Here, we present an approach that couples ex vivo high-throughput screenings of cancer biopsies using microfluidics with logic-based modeling to generate patient-specific dynamic models of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. We used the resulting models to investigate heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer patients, showing dissimilarities especially in the PI3K-Akt pathway. Variation in model parameters reflected well the different tumor stages. Finally, we used our dynamic models to efficaciously predict new personalized combinatorial treatments. Our results suggest that our combination of microfluidic experiments and mathematical model can be a novel tool toward cancer precision medicine.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Biopsia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Femenino , Heterogeneidad Genética , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Ratones , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Modelación Específica para el Paciente , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasa/metabolismo , Medicina de Precisión , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
13.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 951, 2019 01 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30700749

RESUMEN

Ewing sarcoma is the second most common pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor presenting with an aggressive behavior and prevalence to metastasize. The diagnostic translocation t(22;11)(q24;12) leads to expression of the chimeric oncoprotein EWS-FLI1 which is uniquely expressed in all tumor cells and maintains their survival. Constant EWS-FLI1 protein turnover is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Here, we now identified ubiquitin specific protease 19 (USP19) as a regulator of EWS-FLI1 stability using an siRNA based screening approach. Depletion of USP19 resulted in diminished EWS-FLI1 protein levels and, vice versa, upregulation of active USP19 stabilized the fusion protein. Importantly, stabilization appears to be specific for the fusion protein as it could not be observed neither for EWSR1 nor for FLI1 wild type proteins even though USP19 binds to the N-terminal EWS region to regulate deubiquitination of both EWS-FLI1 and EWSR1. Further, stable shUSP19 depletion resulted in decreased cell growth and diminished colony forming capacity in vitro, and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo. Our findings not only provide novel insights into the importance of the N-terminal EWSR1 domain for regulation of fusion protein stability, but also indicate that inhibition of deubiquitinating enzyme(s) might constitute a novel therapeutic strategy in treatment of Ewing sarcoma.


Asunto(s)
Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/metabolismo , Proteína EWS de Unión a ARN/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Ewing/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Ewing/patología , Ubiquitinación , Animales , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Biológicos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/química , Dominios Proteicos , Estabilidad Proteica , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-fli-1/química , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Proteína EWS de Unión a ARN/química
14.
Cancer Res ; 78(3): 769-780, 2018 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29229604

RESUMEN

Transcriptional dysregulation induced by aberrant transcription factors (TF) is a key feature of cancer, but its global influence on drug sensitivity has not been examined. Here, we infer the transcriptional activity of 127 TFs through analysis of RNA-seq gene expression data newly generated for 448 cancer cell lines, combined with publicly available datasets to survey a total of 1,056 cancer cell lines and 9,250 primary tumors. Predicted TF activities are supported by their agreement with independent shRNA essentiality profiles and homozygous gene deletions, and recapitulate mutant-specific mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer. By analyzing cell line responses to 265 compounds, we uncovered numerous TFs whose activity interacts with anticancer drugs. Importantly, combining existing pharmacogenomic markers with TF activities often improves the stratification of cell lines in response to drug treatment. Our results, which can be queried freely at dorothea.opentargets.io, offer a broad foundation for discovering opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies.Significance: Systematic analysis of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens offers a publicly searchable foundation to discover new opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(3); 769-80. ©2017 AACR.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacogenética , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas
15.
Int J Cancer ; 141(4): 654-663, 2017 08 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28369813

RESUMEN

Proprotein convertases are proteases that have been implicated in the activation of a wide variety of proteins. These proteins are generally synthesised as precursor proteins and require limited proteolysis for conversion into their mature bioactive counterparts. Many of these proteins, including metalloproteases, growth factors and their receptors or adhesion molecules, have been shown to facilitate tumour formation and progression. Hence, this review will focus on the proprotein convertase furin and its role in cancer. The expression of furin has been confirmed in a large spectrum of cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer and rhabdomyosarcoma. Functional studies modulating furin activity uncovered its importance for the processing of many cancer-related substrates and strongly indicate that high furin activity promotes the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. In this review, we summarise the expression and function of furin in different cancer types, discuss its role in processing cancer-related proproteins and give examples of potential therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the proteolytic activity of furin in cancer cells.


Asunto(s)
Furina/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Animales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia
16.
Nanomedicine (Lond) ; 12(10): 1135-1151, 2017 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28447920

RESUMEN

AIM: Our goal was to improve vincristine (VCR) based rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) therapy by encapsulating the drug into liposomes. A targeting strategy was attempted to enhance tumor accumulation. MATERIALS & METHODS: VCR was loaded in control and peptide-decorated liposomes via an active method. The interaction of an RMS-specific peptide with the presumed target furin and the cellular uptake of both liposomal groups were studied in vitro. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of VCR-containing liposomes were assessed in an RMS xenograft mouse model. RESULTS: Liposomes ensured high VCR concentration in plasma and in the tumor. Peptide-decorated liposomes showed modest uptake in RMS cells. CONCLUSION: The investigated peptide-modified liposomal formulation may not be optimal for furin-mediated RMS targeting. Nevertheless, VCR-loaded liposomes could serve as a delivery platform for experimental RMS.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Rabdomiosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/sangre , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacocinética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Furina/metabolismo , Liposomas/química , Liposomas/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Rabdomiosarcoma/metabolismo , Distribución Tisular , Vincristina/sangre , Vincristina/farmacocinética
17.
Oncotarget ; 7(47): 76743-76755, 2016 Nov 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27572312

RESUMEN

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Success of current therapies is still limited and outcome is particularly poor for metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS). We previously identified the proprotein convertase furin as potential target for specific drug delivery with RMS-homing peptides. Furin is a protease that converts inactive precursor proteins into bioactive proteins and peptides. In this study, we investigate the biological role of furin in aRMS progression in vitro and in vivo. Furin expression was confirmed in over 86% RMS biopsies in a tissue microarray (n=89). Inducible furin silencing in vitro led to significant impairment of cell viability and proliferation in all investigated aRMS cell lines, but not in MRC5 fibroblasts. Furthermore, the aRMS cell lines Rh3 and Rh4 revealed to be very sensitive to furin silencing, undergoing caspase-dependent cell death. Notably, furin silencing in vivo led to complete remission of established Rh4 tumors and to delayed growth in Rh30 tumors. Taken together, these findings identify furin as an important factor for aRMS progression and survival. Thus, we propose furin as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of aRMS.


Asunto(s)
Furina/genética , Rabdomiosarcoma Alveolar/genética , Animales , Apoptosis , Biopsia , Caspasas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Activación Enzimática , Furina/metabolismo , Silenciador del Gen , Xenoinjertos , Humanos , Ratones , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Rabdomiosarcoma Alveolar/metabolismo , Rabdomiosarcoma Alveolar/patología , Carga Tumoral
18.
PLoS One ; 11(8): e0161396, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27548722

RESUMEN

The proprotein convertase (PC) furin cleaves precursor proteins, an important step in the activation of many cancer-associated proteins. Substrates of furin and furin-like PCs play a role in proliferation, metastasis and invasion. Some of them are involved in the progression of the pediatric soft tissue sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In this study, we show that PCs, and in particular furin, are expressed in RMS cell lines. To investigate the functional role of furin, we generated RMS cell lines with modulated furin activity. Silencing or stable inhibition of furin delayed tumor growth in Rh30 and RD xenografts in vivo, and was correlated with lower microvessel density. Reduced furin activity also decreased migration and invasion abilities in vitro, and inhibition of furin in RMS cells diminished processing of IGF1R, VEGF-C, PDGF-B and MT1-MMP, leading to lower levels of mature proteins. Furthermore, we found that furin activity is required for proper IGF signaling in RMS cells, as furin silencing resulted in reduced phosphorylation of Akt upon IGF1 stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest that furin plays an important role in the malignant phenotype of RMS cells by activating proteins involved in tumor growth and vascularization, metastasis and invasion.


Asunto(s)
Furina/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neovascularización Patológica/genética , Rabdomiosarcoma/genética , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/genética , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Furina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Furina/metabolismo , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Invasividad Neoplásica , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Fosforilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-sis/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-sis/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Receptor IGF Tipo 1 , Receptores de Somatomedina/genética , Receptores de Somatomedina/metabolismo , Rabdomiosarcoma/metabolismo , Rabdomiosarcoma/patología , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/metabolismo , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Trasplante Heterólogo , Factor C de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor C de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
19.
Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) ; 72(2): 93-100, 2015 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25620569

RESUMEN

Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-3-kinase-A (ITPKA) has been considered as an actin bundling protein because its N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD) induces formation of linear actin bundles. Since in many cancer cell lines ITPKA is essential for formation of lamellipodia, which consist of cross-linked actin filaments, here we analyzed if full length-ITPKA may induce formation of more complex actin structures. Indeed, we found that incubation of F-actin with ITPKA resulted in formation of dense, branched actin networks. Based on our result that ITPKA does not exhibit an additional C-terminal ABD, we exclude that ITPKA cross-links actin filaments by simultaneous F-actin binding with two different ABDs. Instead, stimulated-emission-depletion-microscopy and measurement of InsP3 Kinase activity give evidence that that N-terminal ABD-homodimers of ITPKA bind to F-actin while the monomeric C-termini insert between adjacent actin filaments. Thereby, they prevent formation of thick actin bundles but induce formation of thin branched actin structures. Interestingly, when embedded in this dense actin network, InsP3 Kinase activity is doubled and the product of InsP3 Kinase activity, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 , inhibits spontaneous actin polymerization which may reflect a local negative feedback regulation of InsP3 Kinase activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that not only the ABD of ITPKA modulates actin dynamics but reveal that the InsP3 Kinase domain substantially contributes to this process.


Asunto(s)
Actinas/metabolismo , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/metabolismo , Dominio Catalítico , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/química , Unión Proteica , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo
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