RESUMEN
(1) Background: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer types, and treatment options, unfortunately, do not continually improve the survival rate of patients. With the unprecedented development of nanotechnologies, nanomedicine has become a significant direction in cancer research. Indeed, chemotherapeutics with nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment is an outstanding new treatment principle. (2) Methods: Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized and characterized. Caco-2 colon cancer cells were treated during two different periods (24 and 72 h) with Fe3O4 NPs (6 µg/mL), various concentrations of 5-FU (4−16 µg/mL), and Fe3O4 NPs in combination with 5-FU (4−16 µg/mL) (Fe3O4 NPs + 5-FU). (3) Results: The MTT assay showed that treating the cells with Fe3O4 NPs + 5-FU at 16 µg/mL for 24 or 72 h decreased cell viability and increased their LDH release (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, at the same treatment concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and total oxidant status (TOS) increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, after treatment with Fe3O4-NPs + 5-FU, the IL-10 gene was downregulated and PTEN gene expression was upregulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) compared with those of the control. (4) Conclusions: Fe3O4 NPs exert a synergistic cytotoxic effect with 5-FU on Caco-2 cells at concentrations below the active drug threshold levels.
RESUMEN
Colorectal cancer is highly prevalent worldwide and has significant morbidity and mortality in humans. High-atomic-number nanoparticles such as iodine can act as X-rays absorbers to increase the local dose. The synthesis and fabrication of oxaliplatin-loaded iodine nanoparticles, their characterization, cell toxicity, radiosensitivity, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle assay in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells are investigated. Results show that the synthesis of a new iodine nanoparticle, polymerized triiodobenzene coated with chitosan and combined with oxaliplatin as a chemotherapeutic drug, performed well in vitro in an intracellular radiosensitizer as chemoradiotherapy agent in HT-29 cell lines. Findings also show that the INPs alone have no impact on cell cycle development and apoptosis. In contrast, oxaliplatin-loaded INPs along with 2 and 6 MV radiation doses produced more apoptosis. The interaction of INPs with mega-voltage photon energies is the cause of a major radiosensitization enhancement in comparison to radiation alone. Furthermore, results show that INPs may work as radiosensitization nanoprobe agents in the treatment of HT-29 cells due to their effect on increasing radiation dose absorption. Overall, iodine nanoparticles may be used in the treatment of colorectal cancers in clinical studies.
RESUMEN
This paper describes the development of mitoxantrone-loaded PEGylated graphene oxide/magnetite nanoparticles (PEG-GO/Fe3O4-MTX), and investigation of its preliminary drug delivery performance. For this, the GO was synthesized through oxidizing graphite powder, and subsequently carboxylated using a substitution nucleophilic reaction. The carboxylated GO (GO-COOH) was then conjugated with amine end-caped PEG chains by Steglich esterification. Afterward, GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized through the anchoring of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the surface of GO-PEG during the sonication. The biocompatibility and MTX-loading capacity of the synthesized GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were evaluated. The pH dependent drug release behavior and cytotoxicity effect of the MTX-loaded GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were also studied. According to biocompatibility, pH dependent drug release behavior as well as superior physicochemical and biological characteristics of graphene and magnetite nanoparticles, it is expected that the GO-PEG/Fe3O4 nanocomposite may be applied as de novo drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer therapy using both chemo- and photothermal therapy approaches.
