A rare case of eosinophilic jejunitis: diagnosis and management strategies.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease with an unknown cause, which can manifest independently or as part of a hyper-eosinophilic syndrome. The severity of the condition depends on the extent of eosinophilic infiltration and damage to the digestive tract. Diagnosis relies on histological examination, which reveals a significant presence of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the digestive wall. The authors present a new case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 28-year-old patient who exhibited obstructive symptoms but lacked peripheral eosinophilia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed no abnormalities, but barium transit imaging revealed gastro-duodeno-jejunal dilation upstream of a tight jejunal stenosis. Surgical examination of the affected area confirmed a diffuse and transparietal eosinophilic infiltrate, with no evidence of parasitic or granulomatous lesions. Fortunately, the patient had a swift recovery following surgery. Biopsies conducted at other locations, including the gastric, hepatic, and medullary levels, produced negative results, indicating the localized nature of the condition.

Application of machine intelligence technology in the detection of vaccines and medicines for SARS-CoV-2.

Researchers have found many similarities between the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus and SARS-CoV-19 through existing data that reveal the SARS's cause. Artificial intelligence (AI) learning models can be created to predict drug structures that can be used to treat COVID-19. Despite the effectively demonstrated repurposed drugs, more repurposed drugs should be recognized. Furthermore, technological advancements have been helpful in the battle against COVID-19. Machine intelligence technology can support this procedure by rapidly determining adequate and effective drugs against COVID-19 and by overcoming any barrier between a large number of repurposed drugs, laboratory/clinical testing, and final drug authorization. This paper reviews the proposed vaccines and medicines for SARS-CoV-2 and the current application of AI in drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment.

Deep learning applications to combat the dissemination of COVID-19 disease: a review.

Recent Coronavirus (COVID-19) is one of the respiratory diseases, and it is known as fast infectious ability. This dissemination can be decelerated by diagnosing and quarantining patients with COVID-19 at early stages, thereby saving numerous lives. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is known as one of the primary diagnostic tools. However, RT-PCR tests are costly and time-consuming; it also requires specific materials, equipment, and instruments. Moreover, most countries are suffering from a lack of testing kits because of limitations on budget and techniques. Thus, this standard method is not suitable to meet the requirements of fast detection and tracking during the COVID-19 pandemic, which motived to employ deep learning (DL)/convolutional neural networks (CNNs) technology with X-ray and CT scans for efficient analysis and diagnostic. This study provides insight about the literature that discussed the deep learning technology and its various techniques that are recently developed to combat the dissemination of COVID-19 disease.

Artificial intelligence technology for diagnosing COVID-19 cases: a review of substantial issues.

Today, the world suffers from the rapid spread of COVID-19, which has claimed thousands of lives. Unfortunately, its treatment is yet to be developed. Nevertheless, this phenomenon can be decelerated by diagnosing and quarantining patients with COVID-19 at early stages, thereby saving numerous lives. In this study, the early diagnosis of this disease through artificial intelligence (AI) technology is explored. AI is a revolutionizing technology that drives new research opportunities in various fields. Although this study does not provide a final solution, it highlights the most promising lines of research on AI technology for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The major contribution of this work is a discussion on the following substantial issues of AI technology for preventing the severe effects of COVID-19: (1) rapid diagnosis and detection, (2) outbreak and prediction of virus spread, and (3) potential treatments. This study profoundly investigates these controversial research topics to achieve a precise, concrete, and concise conclusion. Thus, this study provides significant recommendations on future research directions related to COVID-19.

Primary melanoma of the small bowel revealed by gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary melanoma of the small bowel is extremely rare. Only a limited number of cases have been described in the literature. Mostly, the small intestine is affected by metastatic tumors of other primary lesions, especially cutaneous. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 75-year-old North African woman with a small bowel melanoma. The diagnosis was made by histological examination and immunohistochemical profile matching after a segmental small bowel resection. Postoperative investigations looking for cutaneous, gastrointestinal or ocular primary lesions found no abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of primary small bowel melanoma can be retained although it remains difficult to exclude the possibility of metastatic melanoma.

Primary omental gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent the majority of primary non-epithelial neoplasms of the digestive tract, most frequently expressing the KIT protein detected by immunohistochemical staining for the CD117 antigen. Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs), neoplasms with immunohistological features overlapping those of GISTs, are found in the abdomen outside of the gastrointestinal tract with no connection to the gastric or intestinal wall. The present report presents the clinical, macroscopic and immunohistological features of an EGIST arising in the greater omentum of a 63-year-old woman, and discusses the clinical behavior and prognostic factors of such lesions in comparison to their gastrointestinal counterparts.

[Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: report of four cases]. / La microlithiase alvéolaire pulmonaire: à propos de quatre cas.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease characterised by the formation and deposition of calcium phosphate microliths in the lung. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, for which mutation in the SLC34A2 gene was recently found to be responsible for the disease. OBSERVATIONS: We report on four cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Three patients were asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made after histological confirmation in three patients. The outcome was marked by the death of one patient. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease. Diagnosis is made with high-resolution computed tomography, which exhibits the calcic character and distribution of the lesions, thus avoiding the need to perform lung biopsy. We suggest that a literature review be performed.

[Hibernoma of the forearm]. / Hibernome de l'avant-bras.

Hibernomas are rare benign tumours originating from the brown fat found in the foetus and animals that hibernate. In most cases they present as a slowly growing painful mass situated in those regions where this type of fat persists in the adult. We report a case of hibernoma of the forearm, which is an unusual localization, and we review the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this of tumour whose main differential diagnosis is liposarcoma.

[Biphasic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the thyroid: an exceptional localization of a rare tumor]. / Carcinome sarcomatoïde biphasique de la thyroïde: localisation exceptionnelle d'une tumeur rare.

Thyroid sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm composed of a follicular carcinoma which is contiguous or admixed with a pleomorphic spindle cell component. We report the case of a thyroid tumor reputed to have a poor outcome, in a 62-year-old woman. The radical thyroidectomy specimen was totally invaded. Results of immunoperoxidase staining for thyroglobulin and epithelial markers were positive in the areas of follicular carcinoma and negative in the sarcomatous component. The patient died a few days later due to septic shock. The epithelial and mesenchymal components of thyroid carcinosarcoma were both part of the neoplastic parenchyma and evolved from a single common stem cell, in agreement with the hypothesis that the tumors are of monoclonal origin. The definition of this tumor as its histogenesis and prognostic are discussed.

[An unusual localization of a rare tumor: giant-cell tumor of the rib. Case report and review of the literature]. / Une localisation inhabituelle d'une pathologie rare: la tumeur costale à cellules géantes. A propos d'un cas avec revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Giant-cell tumors of bone are rare primary neoplasms commonly encountered in young adults. Women are slightly more affected than men. CASE REPORT: We report the case a 27 year old woman presenting with a twelve months history of painful and progressively growing thoracic mass in the right anterior chest wall. Physical examination found out a fixed thoracic mass in the right retro-mammary area measuring 8 x 6 centimeters. The overlying skin was normal. Chest roentgenogram demonstrated a large ill defined mass continuing the anterior arc of the fourth right rib. Computed tomography evidenced a well defined pathologic process originating from the fourth right rib without expansion of the surrounding soft tissue. Pulmonary functional tests were normal and other complementary investigations evidenced no abnormalities. Our patient first had a fine needle cytological biopsy that brought strong suspicion of Giant-cell tumor of the rib. She then underwent an "en bloc" resection of the tumor whose histopathologic analysis allowed a definitive diagnosis. The post-surgical follow up during 12 months showed no signs of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Through this observation the authors emphasize not only the rarity of the giant-cell tumors of bone but also its unusual costal localization (few cases reported till date). They focus on the importance of precocious screening and treatment and underline the value of the follow up in order to detect timely any sign of local recurrence or sarcomatous transformation. Finally, they report a current review of the literature.

[Intimal sarcoma of the inferior vena cava]. / Sarcome intimal de la veine cave inférieure.

INTRODUCTION: Primary sarcomas of the great vessels, that is, the aorta, pulmonary artery, and inferior vena cava, are rare. They can be classified according to the location of the sarcoma in the vessel wall and by their gross appearance. Most often they are leiomyosarcomas or fibrosarcomas. CASE: We report here a case of an intimal sarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Histological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis for this 17-year-old girl and distinguished it from leiomyosarcoma and angiosarcoma, both of which have better prognoses. DISCUSSION: Intimal sarcoma of the inferior vena cava is rare and difficult to diagnose before surgery or biopsy. Histologically, it is a poorly differentiated tumor with the worst prognosis among the primary vascular sarcomas. Pathologic findings and immunohistochemical staining are useful for a positive diagnosis.

[Fibrous tumor of the pleura]. / Tumeur fibreuse localisée de la plèvre.

Pleural fibroma, or fibrous tumor of the pleura, is an uncommon entity which is characterized by slow proliferation of undifferentiated, intermediary or mature fibroblasts associated with collagen fibers forming a tumor stroma. We report a case in a 49-Year-old man who developed exercise-induced dyspnea and right chest pain. The thoracic CT scan revealed the presence of a mass in the right lung base composed of heterogeneous encapsulated tIssue. Tumor resection was performed leading to the histological diagnosis of pleural fibroma. Immunohistochemistry tests revealed positive vimetin and CD34, and negative cytokeratin uptake. These immunohistochemistry data contributed to the differential diagnosis with malignant pleural mesothelium. Pleural fibroma is a benign tumor in 80% of the cases. Prognosis is excellent. Local recurrence is exceptional and generally occurs after incomplete resection. Radial surgical treatment determines the prognosis and is required to prevent local recurrence. Other criteria of malignancy are not correlated with the clinical course of this type of tumor.

[Gallbladder tuberculosis associated with cholelithiasis]. / La tuberculose de la vésicule biliaire: quel rôle de la lithiase?

Tuberculosis of the gallbladder is rare, even in our country known for being an endemic area. The positive diagnosis depends on suspicion of tuberculosis, peroperative findings and histological examination. From a review of the literature, the physiopathology of this infection is discussed, emphasizing the role of lithiasis in the development of tuberculous lesions. The authors report a case of gallbladder tuberculosis in a female patient who presented with a clinical picture of chronic cholelithiasis. The diagnosis of gallbladder tuberculosis was reached only after surgery and proven by histopathology. In our case, the presence of stones associated with non specific inflammatory alterations and possibly low resistance against tubercle bacillus, is believed to have been of importance for the development of the tuberculous infection.

[Squamous cell carcinoma in an augmentation of the ilial bladder for tuberculosis]. / Carcinome malpighien sur iléocystoplastie d'agrandissement pour vessie tuberculeuse.

The development of cancer on the ileal graft after augmentation ileocystoplasty benign bladder disease is a little known complication. The authors report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the ileal bladder occurring 31 years after augmentation ileocystoplasty for tuberculous bladder, in a 60-year-old patient. The ileal bladder was resected and a new augmentation ileocystoplasty was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination of the operative specimen showed infiltration of all of the intestinal wall. The patient died one year after, in a context of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

[Primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney. A case report]. / Léiomyosarcome primitif du rein. A propos d'un cas.

Primary sarcomas of the kidney are exceptional, representing 1 to 3% of all renal tumours in adults. They have a poor prognosis. The authors report a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney in a 44-year old patient, presenting in the form of low back pain and haematuria. Treatment consisted of radical nephrectomy. Two months later, the patient presented with hepatic metastases. The patient is currently receiving chemotherapy.