The effect of Orem self-care model on the improvement of symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetes: A scoping review.

Objective: to evaluate the association of Orem self-care model improvement of symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetes. Methods: A scoping review was carried on bibliographic databases: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, SID and Magiran. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies examining the impact of the Orem self-care model on diabetic patients. Studies considered for inclusion needed to have full-text availability and be written in either English or Persian, with key words including "Models", "Nursing", "Quality of Life", and "Diabetes Mellitus". CONSORT checklist and STROBE statement were selected for quality assessment. Results: A total of 9 studies were included, all using quantitative methodology and focusing on adults or older adults. The majority of articles focused on quality of life and diabetic symptoms. 8 studies showed positive outcomes after implementation of the model. The findings indicate that this model led to an enhanced level of self-efficacy, improved quality of life, and better self-care practices among diabetic patients. Conclusion: Orem self-care model can reduce the diabetic symptoms and improve the quality of life, self-efficacy and self-care in these patients.

The effect of Orem self-care model on the improvement of symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetes: A scoping review / Efecto del modelo de autocuidado de Orem en el mejoramiento de los síntomas y en la calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes: Una revisión de alcance / Efeito do modelo de autocuidado de Orem na melhora dos sintomas e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com diabetes: uma revisão de escopo

Objective: to evaluate the association of Orem self-care model improvement of symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetes. Methods. A scoping review was carried on bibliographic databases: PubMed-Medline, Scopus, SID and Magiran. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies examining the impact of the Orem self-care model on diabetic patients. Studies considered for inclusion needed to have full-text availability and be written in either English or Persian, with key words including "Models", "Nursing", "Quality of Life", and "Diabetes Mellitus". CONSORT checklist and STROBE statement were selected for quality assessment. Results. A total of 9 studies were included, all using quantitative methodology and focusing on adults or older adults. The majority of articles focused on quality of life and diabetic symptoms. 8 studies showed positive outcomes after implementation of the model. The findings indicate that this model led to an enhanced level of self-efficacy, improved quality of life, and better self-care practices among diabetic patients.Conclusion.Orem self-care model can reduce the diabetic symptoms and improve the quality of life, self-efficacy and self-care in these patients.

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación del modelo de autocuidado de Orem en el mejoramiento de los síntomas y en la calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes. Método. Se realizó una revisión de alcance empleando las bases bibliográficas PubMed-Medline, Scopus, SID y Magiran. Los criterios de inclusión abarcaron estudios que examinaran el impacto del modelo de autocuidado de Orem en pacientes diabéticos. Los estudios considerados para su inclusión debían tener disponibilidad de texto completo y estar escritos en inglés o persa, con palabras clave como: "Models", "Nursing", "Quality of Life" y "Diabetes Mellitus". Se utilizaron para la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios la lista de comprobación CONSORT y la declaración STROBE. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 9 estudios, todos ellos con metodología cuantitativa y centrados en adultos y en ancianos. La mayoría de los artículos se estudiaron la calidad de vida y los síntomas diabéticos. 8 estudios mostraron resultados positivos tras la aplicación del modelo de Orem. Los hallazgos indican que este modelo condujo a un mayor nivel de autoeficacia, mejor calidad de vida y mejores prácticas de autocuidado entre los pacientes diabéticos. Conclusión.El modelo de autocuidado de Orem puede ayudar a disminuir los síntomas diabéticos y mejorar la calidad de vida, la autoeficacia y el autocuidado en estos pacientes.

Objetivo. Avaliar a associação do modelo de autocuidado de Orem na melhora dos sintomas e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com diabetes. Métodos. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo usando os bancos de dados PubMed-Medline, Scopus, SID e Magiran. Os critérios de inclusão incluíram estudos que examinaram o impacto do modelo de autocuidado de Orem em pacientes diabéticos. Os estudos considerados para inclusão tinham que estar disponíveis em texto completo e escritos em inglês ou persa, com palavras-chave como: "Models", "Nursing", "Quality of Life" e "Diabetes Mellitus". A lista de verificação CONSORT e a declaração STROBE foram usadas para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos. Resultados. Foram incluídos 9 estudos, todos com metodologia quantitativa e com foco em adultos e idosos. A maioria dos artigos estudou a qualidade de vida e os sintomas diabéticos. Oito estudos mostraram resultados positivos após a aplicação do modelo de Orem. Os achados indicam que esse modelo levou a um nível mais alto de autoeficácia, melhor qualidade de vida e melhores práticas de autocuidado entre os pacientes diabéticos. Conclusão. O modelo de autocuidado de Orem pode ajudar a diminuir os sintomas da diabetes e melhorar a qualidade de vida, a autoeficácia e o autocuidado desses pacientes.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders; Focus on Alzheimer's Disease.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown great promise in the diagnosis, prediction, treatment plans, and monitoring of neurodegenerative disorders. AI algorithms can analyze huge quantities of data from numerous sources, including medical images, quantifiable proteins in urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), genetic information, clinical records, electroencephalography (EEG) signals, driving behaviors, and so forth. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that progressively damage cognitive abilities and memory. This study specifically explores the possible application of AI in the diagnosis, prediction, monitoring, biomarker or drug discovery, and classification of AD.

Global burden of the COVID-19 associated patient-related delay in emergency healthcare: a panel of systematic review and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: Apart from infecting a large number of people around the world and causing the death of many people, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have changed the healthcare processes of other diseases by changing the allocation of health resources and changing people's access or intention to healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of endpoints marking delayed healthcare seeking in medical emergencies, before and during the pandemic. METHODS: Based on a PICO model, medical emergency conditions that need timely intervention was selected to be evaluated as separate panels. In a systematic literature review, PubMed was quarried for each panel for studies comparing the incidence of various medical emergencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Markers of failure/disruption of treatment due to delayed referral were included in the meta-analysis for each panel. RESULT: There was a statistically significant increased pooled median time of symptom onset to admission of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients; an increased rate of vasospasm of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage; and perforation rate in acute appendicitis; diabetic ketoacidosis presentation rate among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients; and rate of orchiectomy among testicular torsion patients in comparison of pre-COVID-19 with COVID-19 cohorts; while there were no significant changes in the event rate of ruptured ectopic pregnancy and median time of symptom onset to admission in the cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has largely disrupted the referral of patients for emergency medical care and patient-related delayed care should be addressed as a major health threat.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as A New Approach for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis:A Literature Review :.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a high-prevalence autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease that affects young adults. An ideal treatment for MS should have two characteristics. First, its immunosuppression and immunomodulation effects reduce the abnormal immune response, and second, it improves repair by enhancing intrinsic repair processes or even cell replacement. Most available therapies have the first characteristic. Recent studies have proposed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic candidate for MS. Different clinical trials and animal models of MS have shown the therapeutic effect of MSCs. In the current study, we reviewed the therapeutic effects of MSCs in the animal model and patients with MS.

Accuracy of CREST Guideline in Management of Cellulitis in Emergency Department; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Skin and soft tissue infections are important causes of outpatient visits to medical clinics or hospitals. This study aimed to review the literature for the accuracy of Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team (CREST) guideline in management of cellulitis in emergency department. METHOD: Studies that had evaluated cellulitis patients using the CREST guideline were quarried in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed database, from 2005 to the end of 2020. The quality of the studies was evaluated using Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) checklist for cohort studies. Pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of CREST guideline regarding the rate of hospital stay more than 24 hours, rate of revisit, and appropriateness of antimicrobial treatment in management of cellulitis in emergency department was evaluated. RESULTS: Seven studies evaluating a total of 1640 adult cellulitis patients were finally entered to the study. In evaluation of the rate of the appropriate treatment versus over-treatment, the pooled AUROC was estimated to be 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06 - 0.82), indicating low accuracy (AUROC lower than 0.5) of guideline for antimicrobial choice. CREST II patients had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of revisiting the Emergency Department, OR=0.21 (95% CI: 0.009 - 0.47). Pooled AUROC value of 0.86 (CI95%: 0.84 - 0.89) showed accuracy of the CREST classification in prediction of being hospitalized more or less than 24 hours. CONCLUSION: CREST classification shows good accuracy in determining the duration of hospitalization or observation in ED but it could lead to inevitable over/under treatment with empirical antimicrobial agents.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Cognitive Errors and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders among Young People During the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Given that the lockdown measures taken so as to diminish the dissemination of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to create major mental disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the present study was conducted aiming to evaluate the prevalence of OCD and cognitive errors among young people during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. The present study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which a total of 150 young people aged 13 to 19 were randomly included. Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Questionnaire (MOCI) and Cognitive Error Questionnaire (CEQ) were completed, and then their results were analyzed by SPSS 22 software. The results revealed that 67.3% of the subjects who were evaluated may have demonstrated OCD symptomatology. The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in women was slightly higher than in men (72.1 compared to 60.3%). Likewise, the test results indicated that there was a significant difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom in men and women (p = .001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups with OCD symptoms and without OCD symptoms in all the components of cognitive errors (p = .001). To the authors' best of knowledge, this is the first study that has evaluated OCD symptoms at the time of COVID-19 prevalence. The findings suggest the need to enhance the prevention of relapse during social restrictions as well as to develop other strategies including online consultation and digital psychiatric management.

Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 Infection are Conflicting in Different Age Groups and Pregnant Women: A Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new type and rapidly spread viral pneumonia, is now producing an outbreak of pandemic proportions. The clinical features and laboratory results of different age groups are different due to the general susceptibility of the disease. The laboratory findings of COVID-19 in pregnant women are also conflicting. Para-clinical investigations including laboratory tests and radiologic findings play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of COVID-19. The majority of previous reports on the COVID-19 laboratory results were based on data from the general population and limited information is available based on age difference and pregnancy status. This review aimed to describe the COVID-19 laboratory findings in neonates, children, adults, elderly and pregnant women altogether for the first time. The most attracting and reliable markers of COVID-19 in patients were: normal C-reactive protein (CRP) and very different and conflicting laboratory results regardless of clinical symptoms in neonates, normal or temporary elevated CRP, conflicting WBC count results and procalcitonin elevation in children, lymphopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in adult patients, lymphopenia and elevated CRP and LDH in the elderly people, leukocytosis and elevated neutrophil ratio in pregnant women.

Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Blood Pressure Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Iran.

PURPOSE: Both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are regarded as life-threatening diseases known to be risk factors for vascular diseases. They may be associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment (CI), although there are conflicting data relating hypertension to the risk of CI. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the probable association between hypertension and CI in patients with T2DM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed the degree of CI of a total of 350 patients with T2DM using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In clinical examinations, the mean of the first, second, and third measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) was recorded. RESULTS: The mean of subjects' MMSE scores was 25.48 ± 3.73. Additionally, the means of SBPSs and DBPs were found to be 118.50 ± 17.27 and 73.47 ± 10.25 mmHg, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a mild, significant, negative correlation between MMSE scores and those of SBP (r = -0.199, p <0.001) and DBP (r = -0.233, p <0.001). Accordingly, a 1-unit increase in one's SBP would lead to a significant rise in mild CI (2.8%) in comparison with subjects who have normal CIs. However, it was shown that if one's DBP increased by 1 unit, the odds of mild CI occurring would increase significantly by 6.7% compared with those who have normal CIs. CONCLUSION: The present findings revealed that hypertension might be related to the development of CI in people with a diabetic condition, thus emphasizing the fact that the prevention and treatment of these highly prevalent diseases assume the utmost significance.