RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: United States investigators have shown evidence of higher susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in blacks than in whites. This association between race and FSGS has not been assessed outside the US. The present study assesses the association between race and type of glomerulonephritis in a sample of Brazilian patients, taking into account the presence of the hepatosplenic form of Schistosomiasis mansoni (HSM). METHODS: Eighty patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were compared to 50 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The association between race (i.e. black versus white) and type of glomerulonephritis was adjusted for age, gender and HSM by logistic regression. RESULTS: Blacks were more likely than whites to have FSGS (as compared to MPGN), both among patients with HSM (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81 - 8.81) and without HSM (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 0.79 - 6.05). After adjustment for age, gender and HSM, the odds of FSGS remained significantly greater for blacks (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.05 - 5.95). CONCLUSION: The increased likelihood of FSGS in Brazilian blacks is consistent with findings from US patients. The association between race and type of glomerulonephritis was similar between patients with and without HSM. Future investigations should focus on the mediators factors that might explain these findings.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra/genética , Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/genética , Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/parasitología , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/genética , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/parasitología , Hígado/parasitología , Schistosoma mansoni/aislamiento & purificación , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/genética , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , Bazo/parasitología , Población Blanca/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Brasil , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Glomerulonefritis Membranoproliferativa/patología , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/patología , Humanos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/patología , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
Population-based studies of hypertension in Brazil were reviewed. Nineteen studies were identified, all employing cross-sectional study designs. The majority of these studies were conducted in the south and southeast regions of the country, although increasing mortality from cardiovascular diseases is now a nationwide problem in Brazil. Except for Amazonian Indians, age and blood pressure were positively correlated in the studies reviewed. Men generally had higher blood pressures than women up to age 50; studies consistently reported that blacks, or groups combining blacks and mulattoes, had higher blood pressures than whites. Methodological problems that characterize many of these studies were noted, and some suggestions for future research were offered.