Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Bosnia and Herzegovina: first report.

INTRODUCTION: Serological detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies is becoming increasingly important in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We report the first results of COVID-19 serological testing in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 2841 samples collected and analysed in 2 medical institutions in Sarajevo. Antibody detection was performed using commercially available kits. RESULTS: In the first cohort, 43 IgM-positive/IgG-negative and 16 IgM-positive/IgG-positive individuals were detected, corresponding to 3.41% of participants having developed antibodies. In the second cohort, 4.28% participants were found to be IgM-negative/IgG-positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the need for population-wide serological surveying in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Phylogenetic pattern of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 patients from Bosnia and Herzegovina: lessons learned to optimize future molecular and epidemiological approaches.

This is the first report of molecular and epidemiology findings from Bosnia and Herzegovina related to ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 epidemic. Whole genome sequence of four samples from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks was done in two laboratories in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Veterinary Faculty Sarajevo and Alea Genetic Center). All four BiH sequences cluster mainly with European ones (Italy, Austria, France, Sweden, Cyprus, and England). The constructed phylogenetic tree indicates possible multiple independent introduction events. The data presented contribute to a better understanding of COVID-19 in the current reemergence of the disease.

[Review on the etiology and treatment of bacterial pneumonias]. / Osvrt na etiologiju i tretman bakterijskih pneumonija.

The bacterial pneumoniae are the significant factor of morbidity and mortality all over the world. So USA are at the sixth place per mortality cause. The bacteria are in 60-80% of cases the causes of pneumonia in the communities. Therefore this is the review on the ethiology of the verification and treatment of pneumonias in the 17-month period in the General hospital "Sarajevo". In the period of the 1st January 2002 till the 31st May 2003 year, it was examined 105 sputa on the antibiogram, and in 12 cases (11.4%) was found the positive bacterial finding. Most often were gram negative bacteria in 7 cases (58.3%), while were found the gram positive in 5 patients (41.7%). Therefore that the majority of the examinees belonged to the risk group, and that were the patients with over 50 years of age 11 (78.6%), with the chronic obstructive lung disease 5 (35.7%), with the malignant disease 1 (7.1%) and with the coinfection of the urinary tract. E. coli was found in 3 patient (25.0%), Kl. Pneumoniae in 2 (16.7%), Ps. aeruginosis in 1 (8.3%), Citrobacter freundi in 1 (8.3%), and in 2 cases (16.7%) were isolated. Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus beta haemolyticus gr. A and Str. Pneumoniae in 1 case (8.3%). To the patients with the positive finding of sputum on antibiogram were most often administered empirically cefalosporia of the third generation because it was about the more severe patients, then the combination of ampicillin with gentamicin. All were dismissed as recovered or in better condition. Pneumonias is in the risk groups are possible to prevent to the five-years pneumococcus vaccine when is indicated or by influenza vaccine when simultaneously was prevented the viral, that is the possible bacterially superinfected pneumonia.