Thermal, viscoelastic, and electrical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane films reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% has been studied. The effect of MWCNTs on thermal, viscoelastic, and electric properties in the TPU matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and by impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the thermal, electrical, and viscoelastic properties, such as the glass transition temperature, shifted towards high temperatures. The melting temperature decreased, and the conductivity and the storage modulus increased by 61.5 % and 58.3 %. The previously observed behavior on the films is due to the increase in the mass percentage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the TPU matrix. Also, it can be said that the CNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the TPU matrix, preventing the movement of the polymer chains, and generating channels or connections that increase the conductivity and improve the thermal properties of the material.

Unraveling genomic features and phylogenomics through the analysis of three Mexican endemic Myotis genomes.

Background: Genomic resource development for non-model organisms is rapidly progressing, seeking to uncover molecular mechanisms and evolutionary adaptations enabling thriving in diverse environments. Limited genomic data for bat species hinder insights into their evolutionary processes, particularly within the diverse Myotis genus of the Vespertilionidae family. In Mexico, 15 Myotis species exist, with three-M. vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps-being endemic and of conservation concern. Methods: We obtained samples of Myotis vivesi, M. findleyi, and M. planiceps for genomic analysis. Each of three genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and assembled. The scaffolding was carried out utilizing the M. yumanensis genome via a genome-referenced approach within the ntJoin program. GapCloser was employed to fill gaps. Repeat elements were characterized, and gene prediction was done via ab initio and homology methods with MAKER pipeline. Functional annotation involved InterproScan, BLASTp, and KEGG. Non-coding RNAs were annotated with INFERNAL, and tRNAscan-SE. Orthologous genes were clustered using Orthofinder, and a phylogenomic tree was reconstructed using IQ-TREE. Results: We present genome assemblies of these endemic species using Illumina NovaSeq 6000, each exceeding 2.0 Gb, with over 90% representing single-copy genes according to BUSCO analyses. Transposable elements, including LINEs and SINEs, constitute over 30% of each genome. Helitrons, consistent with Vespertilionids, were identified. Values around 20,000 genes from each of the three assemblies were derived from gene annotation and their correlation with specific functions. Comparative analysis of orthologs among eight Myotis species revealed 20,820 groups, with 4,789 being single copy orthogroups. Non-coding RNA elements were annotated. Phylogenomic tree analysis supported evolutionary chiropterans' relationships. These resources contribute significantly to understanding gene evolution, diversification patterns, and aiding conservation efforts for these endangered bat species.

Acute activation of hemichannels by ethanol leads to Ca2+-dependent gliotransmitter release in astrocytes.

Multiple studies have demonstrated that acute ethanol consumption alters brain function and cognition. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Astrocyte-mediated gliotransmission is crucial for hippocampal plasticity, and recently, the opening of hemichannels has been found to play a relevant role in this process. Hemichannels are plasma membrane channels composed of six connexins or seven pannexins, respectively, that oligomerize around a central pore. They serve as ionic and molecular exchange conduits between the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu, allowing the release of various paracrine substances, such as ATP, D-serine, and glutamate, and the entry of ions and other substances, such as Ca2+ and glucose. The persistent and exacerbated opening of hemichannels has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of several brain diseases for at least three mechanisms. The uncontrolled activity of these channels could favor the collapse of ionic gradients and osmotic balance, the release of toxic levels of ATP or glutamate, cell swelling and plasma membrane breakdown and intracellular Ca2+ overload. Here, we evaluated whether acute ethanol exposure affects the activity of astrocyte hemichannels and the possible repercussions of this phenomenon on cytoplasmatic Ca2+ signaling and gliotransmitter release. Acute ethanol exposure triggered the rapid activation of connexin43 and pannexin1 hemichannels in astrocytes, as measured by time-lapse recordings of ethidium uptake. This heightened activity derived from a rapid rise in [Ca2+]i linked to extracellular Ca2+ influx and IP3-evoked Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Relevantly, the acute ethanol-induced activation of hemichannels contributed to a persistent secondary increase in [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i-dependent activation of hemichannels elicited by ethanol caused the increased release of ATP and glutamate in astroglial cultures and brain slices. Our findings offer fresh perspectives on the potential mechanisms behind acute alcohol-induced brain abnormalities and propose targeting connexin43 and pannexin1 hemichannels in astrocytes as a promising avenue to prevent deleterious consequences of alcohol consumption.

A Metric Based on the Efficient Determination Criterion.

This paper extends the concept of metrics based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), to achieve strongly consistent estimation of partition Markov models (PMMs). We introduce a set of metrics drawn from the family of model selection criteria known as efficient determination criteria (EDC). This generalization extends the range of options available in BIC for penalizing the number of model parameters. We formally specify the relationship that determines how EDC works when selecting a model based on a threshold associated with the metric. Furthermore, we improve the penalty options within EDC, identifying the penalty ln(ln(n)) as a viable choice that maintains the strongly consistent estimation of a PMM. To demonstrate the utility of these new metrics, we apply them to the modeling of three DNA sequences of dengue virus type 3, endemic in Brazil in 2023.

Spatio-Temporal distribution of a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Pintomyia longiflocosa, in a population from the Colombian Andean Mountains.

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease and public health concern, is associated with various factors such as biological, social, economical conditions and climate, increasing the risk of human infection. Understanding the population dynamics of the vectors, like Pintomyia longiflocosa, and its relationship with ecological variables is crucial for developing effective strategies to control sand fly populations and combat cutaneous leishmaniasis in a tropical country like Colombia. METHODOLOGY: Adult sand flies were collected in three different sample locations: outdoor, indoor, and peri-domestic areas in three houses located in the rural settlement of Campoalegre (Huila) between February 2020 and February 2021, using the CDC light traps. The sand fly density was quantified and associated with the sample locations and the sampling months using Analysis of Variance and Pearson correlations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the period of the sample, 98.86% of sand fly collected was identified as Pi. longiflocosa. The density of this species was significantly different between males and females, the latter contributing more to density in all sample locations (P<0.0001). The outdoor was the sample location with the highest and most significative density in this study (70%, P = 0.04). The density of these sand flies is related to the seasonality of Campoalegre, revealing a density peak from February and June to October (P < 0.05). Finally, precipitation is the environmental variable prominently linked to the density pattern, showing a negative correlation with it. Months with the highest precipitations show the lowest values of Pi. longiflocosa abundance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNICANCE: Our investigation reveals a inverse correlation between precipitation levels and the abundance of Pi. longiflocosa in Campoalegre (Huila), particularly in outdoor areas. This suggests that vector control strategies to periods of reduced precipitation in outdoor settings could offer an effective approach to minimizing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region.

Resting Energy Expenditure, comparison of predictive formulas with bioimpedance: Peruvian population / Gasto Energético en Reposo, comparación de fórmulas predictivas con la bioimpedancia: población peruana

Introduction: In areas with limited access to healthcare systems, Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) estimation is performed using predictive equations to calculate an individual's caloric requirement. One problem is that these equations were validated in populations with different characteristics from those in Latin America, such as race, height, or body mass, leading to potential errors in the prediction of this parameter. Objective: To determine the REE using predictive formulas compared with bioimpedance in Peruvians. Materials and methods: A comparative analytical cross-sectional study with secondary database analysis of the CRONICAS cohort. Results: we worked with a total of 666 subjects. The Mjeor equation was the one with the highest rating of 0.95, a lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.69%, and equivalence was found with the REE values. In the multiple regression, it was observed that the Mjeor equation was the one that least overestimated the REE, increasing 0.77 Kcal/day (95% CI: 0.769-0.814; p<0.001) for each point that increased the REE determined by bioimpedance. The strength of association between Mjeor and bioimpedance was 0.9037. Furthermore, in the regression of the data (weight, height, age) in the Mjeor equation it was observed that the coefficients obtained were the same as those used in the original equation. Conclusions: The Mjeor equation seems to be the most adequate to estimate the REE in the Peruvian population. Future prospective studies should confirm the usefulness of this formula with potential utility in primary health care(AU)

Introducción: En zonas con acceso limitado a sistemas de salud, la estimación del Gasto Energético en Reposo (GER) se realiza utilizando ecuaciones predictivas para calcular el requerimiento calórico de un individuo. Uno de los problemas es que estas ecuaciones fueron validadas en poblaciones con características diferentes a las latinoamericanas, como raza, talla o masa corporal, lo que conlleva a potenciales errores en la predicción de este parámetro. Objetivo: Determinar el GER mediante fórmulas predictivas comparadas con la bioimpedancia en peruanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico comparativo con análisis secundario de base de datos de la cohorte CRONICAS. Resultados: Se trabajó con un total de 666 sujetos. La ecuación de Mjeor fue la que obtuvo la puntuación más alta de 0,95, un error medio porcentual absoluto (MAPE) inferior de 4,69%, y se encontró equivalencia con los valores del GER. En la regresión múltiple, se observó que la ecuación de Mjeor fue la que menos sobreestimó el GER, aumentando 0,77 Kcal/día (IC 95%: 0,769-0,814; p<0,001) por cada punto que aumentaba el GER determinado por bioimpedancia. La fuerza de asociación entre Mjeor y bioimpedancia fue de 0,9037. Además, en la regresión de los datos (peso, talla, edad) de la ecuación de Mjeor se observó que los coeficientes obtenidos eran los mismos que los utilizados en la ecuación original. Conclusiones: La ecuación de Mjeor parece ser la más adecuada para estimar el GER en la población peruana. Futuros estudios prospectivos deberán confirmar la utilidad de esta fórmula para su potencial utilidad en la atención primaria de salud(AU)

The Repellent Capacity against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and In Vitro Inhibition of the Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme of 11 Essential Oils from Six Plants of the Caribbean Region of Colombia.

The repellent capacity against Sitophilus zeamais and the in vitro inhibition on AChE of 11 essential oils, isolated from six plants of the northern region of Colombia, were assessed using a modified tunnel-type device and the Ellman colorimetric method, respectively. The results were as follows: (i) the degree of repellency (DR) of the EOs against S. zeamais was 20-68% (2 h) and 28-74% (4 h); (ii) the IC50 values on AChE were 5-36 µg/mL; likewise, the %inh. on AChE (1 µg/cm3 per EO) did not show any effect in 91% of the EO tested; (iii) six EOs (Bursera graveolens-bark, B. graveolens-leaves, B. simaruba-bark, Peperomia pellucida-leaves, Piper holtonii (1b*)-leaves, and P. reticulatum-leaves) exhibited a DR (53-74%) ≥ C+ (chlorpyrifos-61%), while all EOs were less active (8-60-fold) on AChE compared to chlorpyrifos (IC50 of 0.59 µg/mL). Based on the ANOVA/linear regression and multivariate analysis of data, some differences/similarities could be established, as well as identifying the most active EOs (five: B. simaruba-bark, Pep. Pellucida-leaves, P. holtonii (1b*)-leaves, B. graveolens-bark, and B. graveolens-leaves). Finally, these EOs were constituted by spathulenol (24%)/ß-selinene (18%)/caryophyllene oxide (10%)-B. simaruba; carotol (44%)/dillapiole (21%)-Pep. pellucida; dillapiole (81% confirmed by 1H-/13C-NMR)-P. holtonii; mint furanone derivative (14%)/mint furanone (14%)-B. graveolens-bark; limonene (17%)/carvone (10%)-B. graveolens-leaves.

Safety of helicopter transport in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) systems of care have reduced inter-hospital transfer times and facilitated timely reperfusion goals. Helicopters may be an option when land transportation is not feasible; however, the safety of air transport in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a factor to consider. OBJETIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of helicopter transport for patients with ACS. METHODS: Prospective, observational, and descriptive study including patients diagnosed with ACS within the STEMI network of a metropolitan city transferred by helicopter to a large cardiovascular center to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of air-travel-related complications defined as IV dislodgement, hypoxia, arrhythmia, angina, anxiety, bleeding, and hypothermia. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were included in the study; the mean age was 54 years and 84.9% were male. The most frequent diagnosis was STEMI after successful fibrinolysis (51.8%), followed by STEMI with failed fibrinolysis (23.7%) and non-reperfused STEMI (9.4%). Five patients (4.7%) developed at least one complication: IV dislodgement (1.8%) and hypoxemia (1.8%) in two patients and an episode of angina during flight (0.9%). A flight altitude of > 10,000 ft was not associated with complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that helicopter transportation is safe in patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome, despite the altitude of a metropolitan area.

ANTECEDENTES: Los sistemas de atención de IAMCEST han reducido los tiempos de transferencia interhospitalaria y han facilitado las metas de reperfusión oportuna. Los helicópteros pueden ser una opción cuando el transporte terrestre no es factible; sin embargo, la seguridad del transporte aéreo en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SICA) es un factor a considerar. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la seguridad del transporte en helicóptero para pacientes con SICA. MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de SICA dentro de la red IAMCEST en metrópolis extensa, trasladados en helicóptero a un centro cardiovascular. El resultado primario del estudio fue la incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con los viajes aéreos definidas cómo desalojo de catéter intravenoso, hipoxia, arritmia, angina, ansiedad, sangrado e hipotermia. RESULTADOS: Total de 106 pacientes; la edad media fue de 54 años y 84,9% eran hombres. La altitud media de vuelo fue de 10,100 pies y la distancia media de vuelo fue de 50,0 km. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue IAMCEST tras fibrinolisis exitosa (51,8%), seguido de IAMCEST con fibrinolisis fallida (23,7%). Cinco pacientes (4,7%) desarrollaron una complicación: desalojo IV (1,8%) e hipoxemia (1,8%) en dos pacientes y un episodio de angina durante el vuelo (0,9%). Una altitud de vuelo mayor de 10,000 pies no se asoció a complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el transporte en helicóptero es seguro en pacientes con SICA, incluso en altitudes > 10,000 pies.

Safety of helicopter transport in patients with acute coronary syndrome / Seguridad del transporte en helicóptero en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo

Abstract Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) systems of care have reduced inter-hospital transfer times and facilitated timely reperfusion goals. Helicopters may be an option when land transportation is not feasible; however, the safety of air transport in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a factor to consider. Objetives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of helicopter transport for patients with ACS. Methods: Prospective, observational, and descriptive study including patients diagnosed with ACS within the STEMI network of a metropolitan city transferred by helicopter to a large cardiovascular center to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of air-travel-related complications defined as IV dislodgement, hypoxia, arrhythmia, angina, anxiety, bleeding, and hypothermia. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome. Results: A total of 106 patients were included in the study; the mean age was 54 years and 84.9% were male. The most frequent diagnosis was STEMI after successful fibrinolysis (51.8%), followed by STEMI with failed fibrinolysis (23.7%) and non-reperfused STEMI (9.4%). Five patients (4.7%) developed at least one complication: IV dislodgement (1.8%) and hypoxemia (1.8%) in two patients and an episode of angina during flight (0.9%). A flight altitude of > 10,000 ft was not associated with complications. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that helicopter transportation is safe in patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome, despite the altitude of a metropolitan area.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los sistemas de atención de IAMCEST han reducido los tiempos de transferencia interhospitalaria y han facilitado las metas de reperfusión oportuna. Los helicópteros pueden ser una opción cuando el transporte terrestre no es factible; sin embargo, la seguridad del transporte aéreo en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo (SICA) es un factor a considerar. Objetivos: Evaluar la seguridad del transporte en helicóptero para pacientes con SICA. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de SICA dentro de la red IAMCEST en metrópolis extensa, trasladados en helicóptero a un centro cardiovascular. El resultado primario del estudio fue la incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con los viajes aéreos definidas cómo desalojo de catéter intravenoso, hipoxia, arritmia, angina, ansiedad, sangrado e hipotermia. Resultados: Total de 106 pacientes; la edad media fue de 54 años y 84,9% eran hombres. La altitud media de vuelo fue de 10,100 pies y la distancia media de vuelo fue de 50,0 km. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue IAMCEST tras fibrinolisis exitosa (51,8%), seguido de IAMCEST con fibrinolisis fallida (23,7%). Cinco pacientes (4,7%) desarrollaron una complicación: desalojo IV (1,8%) e hipoxemia (1,8%) en dos pacientes y un episodio de angina durante el vuelo (0,9%). Una altitud de vuelo mayor de 10,000 pies no se asoció a complicaciones. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el transporte en helicóptero es seguro en pacientes con SICA, incluso en altitudes > 10,000 pies.

Application of Information Theory to Computer Vision and Image Processing.

Our perception of the world is the product of the human visual system's complex optical and physical process [...].

The impact of COVID-19 on vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress markers in adult subjects: A systematic review

Objective: To determine the impact of COVID-19 on vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress in patients affected by the disease. Method: We conducted a systematic review using observational studies published between 2020 and 2023, which addressed the impact of COVID-19 on vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress in patients affected by the disease. Review articles, clinical trials, letters to the editor, as well as studies conducted with pregnant women, animals and/or in vitro tests, and in languages other than English were excluded from this search. Studies were selected through a literature search in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, from October 2022 to May 2023. Results: Three articles were included in this review, consisting of patients with mild to severe symptoms, including those hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The reduction in vitamin E concentrations was in all studies accompanied by a reduction in enzymes involved in antioxidant action, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. In parallel to this, studies showed elevated concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers, such as malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion: Infection with the SARS-COV-2 alters the activity of antioxidant cells and free radical defense agents.

Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del COVID-19 sobre las concentraciones de vitamina E y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes afectados por la enfermedad. Método: Se trata de una Revisión Sistemática, realizada mediante una prospección de estudios observatorios publicados entre 2020 y 2023, que abordaron el impacto de la COVID-19 sobre las concentraciones de vitamina E y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes afectados por la enfermedad. Se excluyeron de esta búsqueda artículos de revisión, ensayos clínicos, cartas al editor, así como estudios realizados con mujeres embarazadas, animales y/o ensayos in vitro, y en idiomas distintos al inglés. Los estudios se seleccionaron mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Science Direct y Web of Science, desde octubre de 2022 hasta mayo de 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron tres artículos en esta revisión, que consistían en pacientes con síntomas de leves a graves, incluidos los hospitalizados en la unidad de terapia intensiva. La reducción de las concentraciones de vitamina E se acompañó en todos los estudios de una reducción de las enzimas implicadas en la acción antioxidante, como la superóxido dismutasa, la glutatión peroxidasa y la glutatión reductasa. Paralelamente, los estudios mostraron concentraciones elevadas de marcadores de peroxidación lipídica, como el malondialdehído y la mieloperoxidasa. Conclusiones: La infección por el virus del SARS-CoV-2 altera la actividad de las células antioxidantes y de los agentes de defensa contra los radicales libres.

High-dose Vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Introduction: Vitamin C supplementation has been seen as a supportive treatment to control and prevent complications of COVID-19 by enhancing the immune response against infection. However, the effects of high doses of this vitamin are not yet fully understood. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a systematic review, using original studies published from April 2020 to November 2022 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The combination of descriptors registered in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search for articles were: (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Original articles of clinical trials conducted with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and submitted to high-dose vitamin C supplementation were included. Results: Eligible studies included patients in intensive care units, wards, or outpatient clinics, who were given doses of vitamin C, ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 mg/day, with an average duration of 6.25 days of supplementation and mostly intravenous administration. A reduction in fever and myalgia was observed, as well as an improvement in oxygen saturation and lung impairment rate. Conclusion: The role of high-dose vitamin C in patients affected by COVID-19 requires further study, however, to date, the results have been promising for symptom reduction and improvement in lung function and oxygenation.

Introducción: La administración de suplementos de vitamina C se ha considerado un tratamiento de apoyo para controlar y prevenir las complicaciones del COVID-19 al mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria contra la infección. Sin embargo, los efectos de dosis elevadas de esta vitamina aún no se conocen en su totalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de altas dosis de vitamina C en pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática, utilizando artículos originales publicados desde abril de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. Para la búsqueda de los artículos se utilizó la combinación de descriptores registrados en Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Se incluyeron artículos originales de tipo ensayo clínico realizados con pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 y sometidos a suplementación con altas dosis de vitamina C. Resultados: Los estudios elegibles se realizaron con pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, salas o ambulatorios, a los que se administraron dosis de vitamina C que oscilaban entre 6.000 y 8.000 mg/día, con una duración media de 6,25 días de suplementación y vía de administración mayoritariamente intravenosa. Se observó una reducción de la fiebre y las mialgias, además de una mejoría de la saturación de oxígeno y de la tasa de compromiso pulmonar. Conclusión: El papel de las dosis altas de vitamina C en pacientes afectados por COVID-19 requiere más estudios; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, los resultados han sido prometedores en cuanto a la reducción de los sintomas, y la mejora de la función pulmonar y la oxigenación.

Ergonomia en actividades académicas desde casa

Introducción: A consecuencia de la emergencia sanitaria por el virus SARS-CoV2, las actividades académicas migraron de forma repentina a un entorno de trabajo remoto; esto provocó que los hogares de todo el mundo se convirtieran en el asentamiento urgente de las estaciones de trabajo académico. La ergonomia como disciplina científica cobra relevancia al ser un aliado subsanador para mitigar los riesgos asociados con la aparición de lesiones musculoesqueléticas. De acuerdo con la memoria estadística del Instituto Mexicano de Seguridad Social, IMSS1, en el primer año de pandemia de COVID-19 se registraron 30 860 atenciones por lesiones en la región de manos y muñecas, 9696 en la zona de cabeza y cuello, 6251 dorsopatías y 1673 atenciones por astenopia a jóvenes de entre 18 a 29 años que desarrollaban actividades escolares. Objetivo: En este sentido, se aborda la presente investigación para conocer la composición de los espacios de trabajo académico en casa y analizar si existen factores o elementos que incidan en el riesgo de lesiones musculoesqueléticas en los estudiantes del nivel superior. Metodología: A través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que cuenta con el constructo latente de las posibles lesiones (PL) en manos, espalda, piernas, cabeza, vista, oído, agotamiento físico y la respiración, las variables observables se atribuyen a los espacios utilizados para las actividades académicas en casa, muebles y equipos, Condiciones y Medio Ambiente (CyMAT). Resultados y discusión: Se encontró que un mal diseño de la estación de trabajo académico en casa, aunado a la utilización inadecuada de los muebles y equipos, aumenta la posibilidad de presentar síntomas asociados con las LMEs y, por tanto, daños en la salud del estudiante. Conclusión: La mediación de las estaciones de trabajo a través de la implementación de elementos ergonómicos mejora de forma sustancial la calidad de trabajo académico en casa, y hace evidente la importancia de la ergonomía como disciplina científica.

Introduction: As a result of the health emergency of the SARS-CoV2 virus, academic activities suddenly migrated to a remote work environment, causing homes around the world to become the urgent settlement of academic workstations. Ergonomics as a scientific discipline becomes relevant as it is a healing ally to mitigate the risks associated with the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries. According to the statistical report of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, IMSS1, in the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic, 30,860 care for injuries in the hands and wrists region, 9,696 in the head and neck area, 6,251 dorsopathies and 1,673 care for asthenopia were registered to young people between 18 and 29 years old who develop school activities. Objective: In this sense, this research is addressed to know the composition of academic workspaces at home and analyze if some factors or elements affect the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in students of the higher level. Methodology: Through a structural equations model that has the latent construct of possible injuries (PL) in the hands, back, legs, head, eyesight, hearing, physical exhaustion, and breathing; the observable variables are attributed to the spaces used for academic activities at home, furniture and equipment, conditions and environment (CyMAT) Results and discussion: It is explored that a bad design of the academic workstation at home coupled with the inappropriate use of furniture and equipment increases the possibility of presenting symptoms associated with SCI and therefore, damage to the student's health. Conclusion: The mediation of workstations through the implementation of ergonomic elements substantially improves the quality of academic work at home, making evident the importance of ergonomics as a scientific discipline

Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies: 14 Years of Experience in a University Clinic

Introduction: Ingesting foreign bodies is a common medical problem, especially in the emergency department. Some small studies describe experiences in this regard. Materials and methods: A descriptive retrospective study included patients with suspected ingestion of foreign bodies admitted to the gastroenterology and GI endoscopy service of the Clínica Universitaria Colombia between January 2007 and August 2020. Results: The age of occurrence of the event was 18 to 95 years, and the average age was 45 years. The foreign bodies ingested and found were variable. The most frequent was fish bones, representing 64.11% of the cases, followed by chicken bones and dietary impaction. Thirty-eight percent of patients required foreign body removal; the most frequently used tool was the foreign body forceps. The primary location was the esophagus in 12.53% of cases, followed by the cricopharynx in 11.18% and the hypopharynx in 10%. Conclusions: The Clínica Universitaria Colombia is a referral site for many gastroenterology emergencies due to its high technological level and extensive human resources. This paper probably describes the largest number of patients with this reason for consultation, which is why this retrospective descriptive study was designed. It shows the demographic characteristics, foreign body types, radiological and endoscopic findings, and associated complications, which help to provide a more accurate knowledge of this pathology.

Introducción: La ingesta de cuerpos extraños es un problema médico frecuente, especialmente en el servicio de urgencias. Existen algunos estudios pequeños que describen las experiencias al respecto. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en el cual se incluyó a pacientes con sospecha de ingesta de cuerpos extraños, ingresados al servicio de gastroenterología y endoscopia digestiva de La Clínica Universitaria Colombia, entre enero de 2007 y agosto de 2020. Resultados: La edad de ocurrencia del evento se presentó en pacientes desde los 18 hasta los 95 años, y la edad promedio fue de 45 años. Los cuerpos extraños ingeridos y encontrados fueron variables; los más frecuentes fueron la ingesta de espinas de pescado, que representó el 64,11% de los casos, seguido por la ingesta de huesos de pollo y la impactación alimentaria. Un 38% de los pacientes requirieron la extracción de cuerpo extraño y la herramienta usada con mayor frecuencia fue la pinza de cuerpo extraño. La localización principal fue el esófago, en el 12,53% de los casos, seguido por la cricofaringe, en el 11,18%, y la hipofaringe, en el 10%. Conclusiones: La Clínica Universitaria Colombia es un sitio de referencia de una gran cantidad de urgencias en gastroenterología debido a su alto nivel tecnológico y al gran recurso humano que requieren. Este trabajo representa probablemente la cantidad más grande de pacientes con este motivo de consulta, razón por la que se diseñó este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, que muestra las características demográficas, los tipos de cuerpo extraño, los hallazgos radiológicos y endoscópicos y las complicaciones asociadas, que son de utilidad para tener un conocimiento más real de esta patología.

Nanoparticles of the Perovskite-Structure CaTiO3 System: The Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Photocatalytic Capacity to Degrade Emerging Pollutants.

In this research work, the photocatalytic capacity shown by the nanoparticles of the CaTiO3 system was evaluated to degrade two pollutants of emerging concern, namely methyl orange (MO)-considered an organic contaminating substance of the textile industry that is non-biodegradable when dissolved in water-and levofloxacin (LVF), an antibiotic widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases that is released mostly to the environment in its original chemical form. The synthesis process used to obtain these powders was the polymeric precursor method (Pechini), at a temperature of 700 °C for 6 h. The characterization of the obtained oxide nanoparticles of interest revealed the presence of a majority perovskite-type phase with an orthorhombic Pbnm structure and a minority rutile-type TiO2 phase, with a P42/mnm structure and a primary particle size <100nm. The adsorption-desorption isotherms of the synthesized solids had H3-type hysteresis loops, characteristic of mesoporous solids, with a BET surface area of 10.01m2/g. The Raman and FTIR spectroscopy results made it possible to identify the characteristic vibrations of the synthesized system and the characteristic deformations of the perovskite structure, reiterating the results obtained from the XRD analysis. Furthermore, a bandgap energy of ~3.4eV and characteristic emissions in the violet (437 nm/2.8 eV) and orange (611 nm/2.03 eV) were determined for excitation lengths of 250 nm and 325 nm, respectively, showing that these systems have a strong emission in the visible light region and allowing their use in photocatalytic activity to be potentialized. The powders obtained were studied for their photocatalytic capacity to degrade methyl orange (MO) and levofloxacin (LVF), dissolved in water. To quantify the coloring concentration, UV-visible spectroscopy was used considering the variation in the intensity of the characteristic of the greatest absorption, which correlated with the change in the concentration of the contaminant in the solution. The results showed that after irradiation with ultraviolet light, the degradation of the contaminants MO and LVF was 79.4% and 98.1% with concentrations of 5 g/L and 10 g/L, respectively.

Protocolos de diagnóstico acelerado basados en troponina de alta sensibilidad en el diagnóstico del dolor torácico: una revisión sistemática / Accelerated Diagnostic Protocols Based on High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Pain: A Systematic Review

RESUMEN Introducción: Los protocolos de diagnóstico acelerado de dolor torácico, con el avance de la troponina de alta sensibilidad, permiten identificar a los pacientes que ingresan al servicio de urgencias con dolor torácico de bajo riesgo para un evento cardiovascular adverso mayor, que podrían ser dados de alta de forma temprana y segura, con ahorro de tiempo y recursos. Objetivo: Evaluar ensayos clínicos que utilicen protocolos de diagnóstico acelerado basados en troponina de alta sensibilidad. Material y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaran protocolos de diagnóstico acelerado basados en troponina de alta sensibilidad en los servicios de urgencias, en las bases de datos MEDLINE/Ovid, Cochrane y EMBASE utilizando los criterios de evaluación del manual Cochrane y la estrategia PRISMA Resultados: Tras una tamización de 3509 estudios se incluyeron 5 ensayos clínicos que incluyeron 1513 pacientes; se identificaron 409 (27%) altas tempranas, el 91% para el protocolo 0/3 h ESC, 72% para el 0/1 h, 48% para el EDACS, 40% para el HEART, 19 y 32% para ADAPT y 8 y 18% para el cuidado usual. El valor predictivo negativo fue alto, en un rango de 99,1 al 100% La duración media de la estancia hospitalaria fue más baja para los protocolos 0/1 h y 0/3 h ESC, con 4,6 y 5,6 horas respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los protocolos de diagnóstico acelerado en dolor torácico que implementan el uso de troponina de alta sensibilidad permiten lograr alta proporción de altas tempranas con baja tasa de eventos cardiovasculares mayores, con disminución del tiempo de estancia y recursos consumidos.

ABSTRACT Background: Accelerated diagnostic protocols for chest pain, with the advancement of high-sensitivity troponin, make it possible to identify patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and low risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event, who could be discharged immediately, early and safely, saving time and resources. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess clinical trials using accelerated diagnostic protocols based on high-sensitivity troponin. Methods: A search of randomized clinical trials evaluating accelerated diagnostic protocols based on high-sensitivity troponin in emergency services was carried out in MEDLINE/Ovid, Cochrane and EMBASE database, using the assessment criteria of the Cochrane manual and the PRISMA strategy. Results: After screening 3509 studies, 5 clinical trials, including 1513 patients, were analyzed. Early discharges were identified in 409 (27%) of patients, in 91% of cases for ESC 0/3-h protocols, 72% for 0/1-h, 48% for EDACS, 40% for HEART, 19% and 32% for ADAPT and 8% and 18% for standard care protocols. The negative predictive value was high, in the 99.1-100% range. Mean length of hospital stay was lower for the 0/1-h and ESC 0/3-h protocols, with 4.6 and 5.6 hours, respectively. Conclusions: Accelerated diagnostic protocols in chest pain using high-sensitivity troponin allow a higher proportion of early discharges with a low rate of major cardiovascular events, with reduction in length of hospital stay and resources used.

Enteroatmospheric fistulas in open abdomen in trauma associated with abdominal reintervention and VAC therapy.

BACKGROUND: Open abdomen is an alternative for the management of trauma patient, and negative pressure therapy of the wound using VAC® device is a genuine sort of treatment. Although the device poses technical advantages, risks are present and a critical complication is the enteroatmospheric fistula formation (EAF). OBJECTIVE: To analize the role of negative pressure therapy length and VAC® device number of changes on the EAF formation in trauma patients udergoing open abdomen. METHOD: Cut-off points were calculated using receiver operational characteristics curve. Values were compared with Student's t or Mann-Withney U tests, considering statistically significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: EAF were present in 39 cases (5.9%). A significant difference in the presence of EAF was present in patients with negative pressure therapy of the wound length ≥ 11.2 days (46.9 vs. 1.3%; relative risk [RR]: 3.67; 95% confidence interval [95% IC]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) and when ≥ 2.6 VAC® device changes were performed (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; 95% IC: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, the practice of >3 VAC® device changes and length of therapy > 11 days should be carefully considered leading to reduce the risk of EAF formation.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El abdomen abierto es una alternativa para manejar al paciente traumatizado, y una variante para instituirlo es la terapia de presión negativa de la herida con el dispositivo VAC®. Aunque tiene ventajas técnicas, no está exento de riesgos y una complicación crítica es la formación de fístulas enteroatmosféricas (FEA). OBJETIVO: Analizar el papel de la duración de la terapia de presión negativa y del número de cambios del dispositivo VAC® sobre la aparición de FEA en pacientes traumatizados manejados con abdomen abierto. MÉTODO: Se establecieron puntos de corte con curva de características operacionales del receptor. Los valores se compararon con la prueba t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney, considerando p < 0.05 como valor estadísticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: La FEA se presentó en 39 casos (5.9%). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la aparición de FEA en pacientes con duración de la terapia de presión negativa de la herida ≥ 11.2 días (46.9 vs 1.3%; riesgo relativo [RR]: 3.67; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) y cuando se practicaron ≥ 2.6 cambios del dispositivo VAC® (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; IC95%: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra institución, la práctica de más de tres cambios del dispositivo VAC® y el mantenimiento de la terapia por más de 11 días debe ser cuidadosamente considerado para reducir el riesgo de formación de FEA.

Phytochemical characterization, isolation, antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of leaves of Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm) I.M. Johnst.

Heliotropium elongatum is used to treat inflammation, cough, and flu. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile and determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract (EE), and fractions of H. elongatum leaves. In the phytochemical profile analysis, organic acids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids/triterpenes, and depsides/depsidones were detected in the EE and/or fractions (hexanic/FH, chloroformic/FC, ethyl acetate/FAE, and hydromethanolic/FHM). The highest TPC and highest antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) was detected in FHM. In FH, 16 compounds were identified by GC-MS, and ursolic acid was isolated by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. HPLC-DAD from EE, FAE, and FHM demonstrated characteristic wavelengths for flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, and anthraquinones. ESI-IT/MSn analysis of EE, FC, FAE, and FHM revealed alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In Allium cepa assay there was no significant cytotoxic effect initiated by EE (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml), FHM (1,000 µg/ml), and FAE (62.5 µg/ml). Genotoxicity was evidenced only with EE at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml, and FHM (62.5 to 1,000 µg/ml) as evidenced by presence of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NB). Our results identified compounds of medicinal interest with antioxidant activity; however observed cytogenotoxic changes indicated the need for caution when using these compounds for therapeutic purposes.

Ecophysiology of neotropical amphibians and reptiles: lessons learned from Colombia.

Ecophysiology and herpetology share a close historical relationship, but earlier work at the interface of these disciplines was carried out in temperate regions. Tropical regions like the Neotropics exhibit the highest species richness for amphibians and reptiles, but the pace for ecophysiological research on tropical herpetofauna has been slower relative to temperate counterparts. We are a group of early-career, Latin American researchers interested in the physiological diversity exhibited by neotropical herpetofauna. As such, we have engaged in the organization of the Symposium on the Ecophysiology of Neotropical Amphibians and Reptiles (ECOPHYSHERP) to integrate the scientific community interested on these topics. ECOPHYSHERP has been held three times already within the Colombian Congress of Herpetology, and collectively it has hosted >60 contributions from researchers at 26 institutions and eight countries. Participation has been diverse in terms of gender, age, and career stage, but most participants have been young undergraduate biology students. This generation of early-career researchers is producing excellent research in a broad range of topics, but difficulties to convert this research into scientific publications may exist. Identifying and contributing in order to solve such problems are priorities for this organizing committee, and also our endeavours towards ECOPHYSHERP 4.0 in Santa Marta in 2025.