Challenges and opportunities for sarcoma care and research in Latin America: a position paper from the LACOG sarcoma group.

As a developing region, Latin America faces unique cancer control and prevention challenges, which are intensified when considering rare cancers, including sarcomas. Sarcomas are a group of malignancies that arise in the connective tissues of the body-such as muscle, fat, nerves, blood vessels, and bones-accounting for a diverse range of tumours that, although rare, require specialized attention. Sarcoma care and research in Latin America require a comprehensive approach that includes deeper epidemiologic knowledge, diagnostic capacity building, access to innovative treatments, increased patient advocacy, and strengthening of clinical research capacity. This article will review current challenges and opportunities for treating patients with sarcoma in Latin America and outline a pathway toward improvement for regional collaborative groups.

Disruption of the HIF-1 pathway in individuals with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome.

Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci Syndrome (MS) are rare disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas, commonly causing bone deformities, limb length discrepancies, and pathological fractures. MS is distinguished from OD by the development of vascular anomalies. Both disorders are cancer predisposition syndromes with malignancies developing in ~50% of the individuals with OD or MS. Somatic gain-of-function variants in IDH1 and IDH2 have been described in the enchondromas, vascular anomalies and chondrosarcomas of approximately 80% of the individuals with OD and MS. To date, however, no investigation of germline causative variants for these diseases has been comprehensively performed. To search for germline causative variants, we performed whole exome sequencing or whole genome sequencing of blood or saliva DNA in 94 unrelated probands (68 trios). We found that 7 had rare germline missense variants in HIF1A, 6 had rare germline missense variants in VHL, and 3 had IDH1 variants including 2 with mosaic IDH1-p.Arg132His variant. A burden analysis using 94 probands assigned as cases and 2,054 unrelated individuals presenting no OD- or MS-related features as controls, found that variants in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 were all significantly enriched in cases compared to controls. To further investigate the role of HIF-1 pathway in the pathogenesis of OD and MS, we performed RNA sequencing of fibroblasts from 4 probands with OD or MS at normoxia and at hypoxia. When cultured in hypoxic conditions, both proband and control cells showed altered expression of a subset of HIF-1 regulated genes. However, the set of differentially expressed genes in proband fibroblasts included a significantly reduced number of HIF-1 regulated genes compared to controls. Our findings suggest that germline or early post-zygotic variants identified in HIF1A, VHL, and IDH1 in probands with OD and MS underlie the development of the phenotypic abnormalities in a subset of individuals with OD and MS, but extensive functional studies are needed to further confirm it.

Leiomyosarcoma of the great saphenous vein (vena saphena magna) with granular cell change: Report of a superficial neoplasm.

The great saphenous vein (GSV) corresponds to the main superficial large-caliber vessel affected by leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Given its superficial location and because signs of vascular origin may not be clinically apparent, LMS of the GSV may be misinterpreted clinically as superficial nonvascular soft tissue mass. Herein, we report a case on the distal portion of the right GSV of a 57-year-old man. The histopathological recognition of a large-caliber vein-associated LMS (with granular cell change) in an incisional biopsy specimen was crucial to guide radiological evaluation and confirmation of a superficial vascular LMS before surgical treatment. Recognizing this entity in small biopsies is important as its surgical treatment and prognosis differ substantially from nonvascular superficial (ie, subcutaneous and dermal) LMSs. In addition, because vascular LMSs can involve long vessel segments, underestimation of extent of disease is a risk. To the best of our knowledge, granular cell change has not been documented in LMS of the GSV.

Is PET-CT an accurate method for the differential diagnosis between chondroma and chondrosarcoma?

The differential diagnosis between chondroma and intraosseous chondrosarcoma is based on imaging and clinical exams, but only a biopsy can confirm diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of PET-CT in differentially diagnosing chondroma and chondrosarcoma. From October 2009 to May 2015, 36 patients with cartilaginous bone lesions in the extremities, 12 (33.3 %) men and 24 (66.6 %) women, were prospectively included in the study. Patients ranged in age from 21 to 68 years, with a mean age of 44 years. Lesions were located in the long bones: in the proximal humerus in 26 (72.2 %) patients, in the femoral shaft in 1 (2.7 %), in the distal femur in 7 (19.4 %), and in the proximal tibia in 2 (5.5 %). The SUVmax value of 2.0 was used to separate between patients submitted to surgery and patients submitted to observation. Among the 36 patients studied, 17 (47.2 %) had SUVmax ≤ 2.0, and they were diagnosed as chondroma and they were treated conservatively. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 76 months, averaging 38 months. Nineteen (52.7 %) patients with SUVmax >2.0 were diagnosed as chondrosarcoma and underwent surgery. The area of the curve, calculated considering the SUV variable as numeric, is estimated in 0.966, with a 95 % confidence interval from 0.906 to 1.000. To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative predictive values, it was built a 2 × 2 table. Significance was set at p < 0.05. According the criteria of maximum sensitivity and specificity, the cut point suggested to SUVmax was 2.2. If we consider this point, it is possible to identify 19 of 36 positive cases to chondroma (52.8 %), it means, all chondrosarcomas of the series. We concluded that PET-CT can be used as an objective and quantitative method of differentiating between chondromas and chondrosarcomas located within the long bones. It represents a complementary examination to standard imaging (X-ray, scintigraphy, CT and MRI) and pathological exams. The SUVmax between 2.0 and 2.2 would be a range area between chondroma and chondrosarcoma and this range can be of value, among others exams, in decide the best treatment for patients with cartilaginous lesions in long bones. Level of evidence Level I-diagnostic study-prospectively investigating a diagnostic test using a universally applied "gold" standard.

Predictive factors of overall quality of life in advanced cancer patients using EORTC QLQ-C30.

OBJECTIVE: To identify which domains/symptoms from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were predictive of overall quality of life (QoL) in advanced cancer patients. METHODS: Four hundred and forty seven patients with brain metastases or bone metastases from seven countries were enrolled with regression analysis to determine the predictive value of the QLQ-C30 functional/symptom scores for patient reported overall QoL (question 30), overall health (question 29) and the global health status domain (questions 29 and 30). RESULTS: Worse role functioning, social functioning, fatigue and financial problems were the most significant predictive factors for worse QoL. In the bone metastases subgroup (n = 400), role functioning, fatigue and financial problems were the most significant predictors. In patients with brain metastases (n = 47), none of the EORTC domains significantly predicted worse QOL. CONCLUSION: Deterioration of certain QLQ-C30 functional/symptom scores significantly contributes to worse QoL, overall health and global health status.

Factors influencing health related quality of life in cancer patients with bone metastases.

OBJECTIVE: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional concept that is especially important for cancer patients with bone metastases, as maintaining and improving HRQOL is often the main focus of treatment. This study aims to determine factors that may influence HRQOL, which may in turn influence treatment and care of patients. METHODS: Patients (n=396) completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) Bone Metastases module (BM22) at baseline. The EORTC QLQ-BM22 consists of four scales: painful site (PS), pain characteristics (PC), functional interference (FI), and psychosocial aspect (PA) scales. EORTC QLQ-BM22 data, together with sociodemographic and medical factors were analyzed by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Items of significance were determined through backward selection, which were then put through multivariate analysis to determine further significance. RESULTS: Through ANOVA analysis, KPS>80 and breast primary histology were predictive of better HRQOL in the PS scale, while KPS>80, female gender, and breast primary histology were predictive of better HRQOL in the PC and FI scales. KPS>80 and prostate primary histology were predictive of better HRQOL in the PA scale. KPS>80 and primary cancer site were confirmed as significant predictive factors in multivariate analysis. RECOMMENDATIONS: This study identified baseline factors of gender, performance status, and primary histology as determinants of HRQOL in patients with bone metastases. Further study focusing on current treatment (chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, and radiotherapy) and spiritual well-being may identify additional factors affecting HRQOL. Understanding the influence of these factors will allow health care professionals to provide more effective palliative care.

Determinants of quality of life in advanced cancer patients with bone metastases undergoing palliative radiation treatment.

PURPOSE: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is critical to effective delivery of palliative care in patients with advanced cancer. The current study analyzes relationships between baseline social determinants of health and medical factors, and self-reported HRQOL in patients with bone metastases receiving palliative radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Advanced cancer patients referred for radiotherapy treatment of bone metastases completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire in multiple outpatient clinics internationally. Demographics and social determinants were collected as baseline information. Univariate and Bonferroni-adjusted multivariate linear regression analyses were used to detect significant correlations between baseline determinants and different HRQOL domains. RESULTS: Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was correlated with better physical (p = 0.0002), role (p < 0.0001), emotional (p < 0.0001), and social (p < 0.0001) functioning, and global health scores (p = 0.0015) and predicted lower symptom scores for fatigue (p < 0.0001), pain (p < 0.0001), appetite loss (p < 0.0001), and constipation (p < 0.0001). Increased age was predictive of better social functioning (p < 0.0001) and less insomnia (p = 0.0036), higher education correlated with better global health status (p = 0.0043), and patients who were employed or retired had improved physical functioning (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0030, respectively) and less financial challenges compared to patients who were unemployed (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline KPS had the greatest influence on EORTC QLQ-C30 domain scores. Age, education level, and employment status had significant impacts, although on fewer domains. Further studies that investigate baseline determinants are worthwhile to clarify relationships in order to care for patients more effectively at the end of life.

Predictive factors of overall well-being using the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL extracted from the EORTC QLQ-C30.

OBJECTIVE: The European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 15 Palliative (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) was developed to assess quality of life (QOL) for the palliative cancer population to decrease patient burden. The purpose of this study was to compare predictive factors for well-being in the QLQ-C15-PAL extracted from the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core 30 (QLQ-C30) with the QLQ-C30 itself. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with advanced cancer referred for treatment of bone metastases completed the QLQ-C30. Fifteen items from the QLQ-C15-PAL were extracted from the QLQ-C30. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine predictive factors of the global QOL/health score in both tools. In the multivariate analyses, a p value of <0.003 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Overall, predictive factors were similar when analyzing data from both tools. Predictive factors for the QLQ-C30 were role functioning (p<0.0001), fatigue (p<0.0001), nausea/vomiting (p<0.0001), and financial problems (p<0.0001) and factors for the extracted QLQ-C15-PAL were physical functioning (p<0.0001) and fatigue (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Extraction of the QLQ-C15-PAL items from the QLQ-C30 resulted in similar predictive QOL domains for all patient subgroups analyzed individually. The QLQ-C15-PAL is reflective of the QLQ-C30 domains and is recommended for future studies involving patients in a palliative setting, as this shorter questionnaire reduces patient burden and may increase accrual and compliance, while maintaining a similar breadth of coverage and achieving the same predictive ability.

Quality of life after palliative radiation therapy for patients with painful bone metastases: results of an international study validating the EORTC QLQ-BM22.

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective method of palliating painful bone metastases and can improve function and reduce analgesic requirements. In advanced cancer patients, quality of life (QOL) is the primary outcome of interest over traditional endpoints such as survival. The purpose of our study was to compare bone metastasis-specific QOL scores among patients who responded differently to palliative RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients receiving RT for bone metastases across 6 countries were prospectively enrolled from March 2010-January 2011 in a trial validating the QLQ-BM22 and completed the QLQ-BM22 and the core measure (QLQ-C30) at baseline and after 1 month. Pain scores and analgesic intake were recorded, and response to RT was determined according to the latest published guidelines. The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric and Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared changes in QOL among response groups. A Bonferroni-adjusted P<.003 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Of 79 patients who received palliative RT, 59 were assessable. Partial response, pain progression, and indeterminate response were observed in 22, 8, and 29 patients, respectively; there were no patients with a complete response. Patients across all groups had similar baseline QOL scores apart from physical functioning (patients who progressed had better initial functioning). One month after RT, patients who responded had significant improvements in 3 of 4 QLQ-BM22 domains (painful site, P<.0001; painful characteristic, P<.0001; and functional interference, P<.0001) and 3 QLQ-C30 domains (physical functioning, P=.0006; role functioning, P=.0026; and pain, P<.0001). Patients with progression in pain had significantly worse functional interference (P=.0007) and pain (P=.0019). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who report pain relief after palliative RT also have better QOL with respect to bone metastasis-specific issues. The QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C30 are able to discriminate among patients with varying responses and are recommended for use in future bone metastasis clinical trials.

An international prospective study establishing minimal clinically important differences in the EORTC QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C30 in cancer patients with bone metastases.

PURPOSE: Quality of life (QOL) is frequently an endpoint in clinical trials involving patients with advanced cancer. Statistical significance of minimal differences can be achieved with sufficient sample size, yet the actual clinical relevance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) bone metastases module (EORTC QLQ-BM22). METHODS: Patients with bone metastases across seven countries were prospectively enrolled in a trial validating the EORTC QLQ-BM22 and completed the QLQ-BM22 and core measure (QLQ-C30) at baseline and 1-month follow-up. MCIDs were calculated for each QOL scale for both improvement and deterioration using both an anchor- (performance status) and distribution-based approach. RESULTS: A total of 93 patients completed both baseline and follow-up QOL and had recorded performance status at both intervals. Statistically significant meaningful differences were seen in seven scales. There were improvements of 30.5 (95 % confidence interval, 9.0 to 52.0), 20.1 (7.1 to 33.2), 30.5 (13.8 to 47.3) and 19.6 (5.0 to 34.3) in the pain, painful site, painful characteristic and functional interference scales, respectively, demonstrated clinical relevance. Decreases of 12.4 (0.3 to 24.6), 22.4 (11.8 to 32.9) and 13.5 (1.9 to 25.1) were required to represent clinically relevant deterioration in emotional functioning, global health status and financial issues, respectively. Minimal differences for improvement were closest to 0.5 standard deviations (SD) while for deterioration, closer to 0.3 SD on the QLQ-BM22. CONCLUSION: Identification of requirements for clinical significance can assist in determining the relevance of QOL changes after treatment and in sample size determination in future trials. Our study is limited by the small sample size. Future studies should continue to determine MCID and confirm our findings using a variety of appropriate anchors and in a larger sample.

International field testing of the reliability and validity of the EORTC QLQ-BM22 module to assess health-related quality of life in patients with bone metastases.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this international field study was to test the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-BM22 module to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with bone metastases. METHODS: Patients undergoing a variety of bone metastases-specific treatments were accrued. The QLQ-BM22 was administered with the QLQ-C30 at baseline and at 1 follow-up time point internationally. A debriefing questionnaire was administered to determine patient acceptability and understanding. RESULTS: Large-scale field testing of the QLQ-BM22 in addition to the QLQ-C30 took place in 7 countries: Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Egypt, France, India, and Taiwan. A total of 400 patients participated. Multitrait scaling analyses confirmed 4 scales in the 22-item module. The scales were able to discriminate between clinically distinct patient groups, such as between those with a poor and those with a better performance status. The QLQ-BM22 was well received in all 7 countries, and the majority of patients did not recommend any significant changes from the module in its current form. CONCLUSIONS: The final QLQ-BM22 module contains 22 items and 4 scales assessing Painful Sites, Painful Characteristics, Functional Interference, and Psychosocial Aspects. Results confirmed the validity, reliability, cross-cultural applicability, and sensitivity of the 22-item EORTC QLQ-BM22. It is therefore recommended that the QLQ-BM22 be used in addition to the QLQ-C30 in clinical trials to assess HRQOL in patients with bone metastases.

Large and round tumor nuclei in osteosarcoma: good clinical outcome.

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor. Distinct histological features are distinguishable based on the morphology of the tumor. Differences in nuclei size and shape are often observed in osteosarcoma reflecting its broad histopathological heterogeneity. This study explores the relevance of two nuclear parameters in osteosarcoma: large area and round shape. Computerized nuclear morphometry was performed in 56 conventional osteosarcoma preoperative biopsies. The mean patient follow-up time was 35.1 months. Based on the nuclear area, no significant difference (P = 0.09) in overall survival between patients with large (> 42.5 µm(2)) and small (< 42.5 µm(2)) tumor nuclei was found. However, when cases with large and round nuclei were analyzed jointly (> 42.5 µm(2) and coefficient of nuclear roundness > 0.7), these two parameters together were likely to be a predictive factor (P = 0.05). Osteosarcoma patients with large and round tumor nuclei had a better outcome than patients with small and polymorphic (ovoid or spindle-shaped) nuclei. In this study, nuclear morphometry proved to be a useful tool to shed light on the biology of osteosarcoma showing that some morphometric parameters can be easily applied to help identifying patients with a good prognosis.

O uso de espaçadores com antibiótico no tratamento das infecções em endopróteses de joelho / Use of antibiotic spacers for knee endoprosthesis infections treatment

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a utilização dos espaçadores de cimento acrílico com antibiótico no tratamento das infecções em endopróteses não convencionais de joelho. MÉTODO: Desde de 2004 foram tratados sete pacientes (seis pacientes operados no nosso serviço e um paciente que havia sido submetido a cirurgia primária do tumor em outro serviço) com infecção peri-endoprótese não convencional de joelho. Todos pacientes foram submetidos a retirada da endoprótese e reconstrução com espaçador com cimento acrílico com antibiótico. Todos os pacientes foram monitorados clínica e laboratorialmente quanto ao controle da evolução, sendo considerados aptos para a revisão e recolocação de endoprótese após 06 (seis) meses sem sinais infecciosos RESULTADOS: Notamos um discreto predomínio do do processo infeccioso nas próteses realizadas na tíbia proximal em comparação com o fêmur distal (57,1 por cento x 42,9 por cento). O seguimento médio dos pacientes foi 68,2 meses. Durante o seguimento, um paciente faleceu devido a doença de base. Dos sete pacientes, 6 foram considerados curados e um persistiu com sinais e sintomas de infecção. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos até o momento tem motivado a continuidade deste método de tratamento.

OBJCTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of cement spacers impregnated with antibiotics for the treatment of infections in the nonconventional endoprostheses of the knee. METHODOLOGY: We have treated seven patients since 2004 (of which six were submitted to surgery in our service and one patient had been submitted to a primary tumor surgery in another removal service) with deep infection in knee tumor prosthesis. All patients were submitted to endoprosthesis removal and reconstructed with antibiotic cement spacer. All patients were monitored both clinically and by lab tests as for monitoring the evolution, being considered able for reviews after 6 (six) months without infections signs. RESULTS: We have noted a small predominance of infectious processes on the prosthesis inserted on proximal tibia as compared with distal femur (57.1 percent x 42.9 percent). The mean follow-up time of patients was 68.2 months. During the follow up, one patient died as a result of the root disease. Six patients out of seven were regarded as cured and one persisted with infection signs and symptoms. CONCLUSION: The results obtained up to date have motivated us to continue using this method of treatment.

Osteossarcomas humanos de alto grau: imunoexpressão de p53, erb-2 e P-glicoproteína, e correlação com o parâmetro anaplasia / P-glycoprotein, erb2 and p53 expression in high-grade human osteosarcomas and their correlation with anaplasia

INTRODUÇÃO: Osteossarcoma (OS), o mais freqüente tumor primário maligno do osso, tem comportamento local agressivo e alto índice de disseminação sistêmica. Os eventos que permitem o crescimento e a disseminação tumoral ainda permanecem controversos. Os estudos sobre a carcinogênese e a progressão dessa neoplasia, com base na imunoexpressão de c-erb-B2, P-glicoproteína (P-gp) e p53, apresentam resultados conflitantes acerca do real valor prognóstico e suas correlações com parâmetros histológicos. A anaplasia, em neoplasias na infância, constitui parâmetro histológico de agressividade tumoral e quimiorresistência. Nos OS primários ou metastáticos, seu significado permanece controverso. Por outro lado, em outras neoplasias humanas, a expressão do c-erb-B2 relaciona-se com p53, grau nuclear e outros parâmetros de agressividade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a imunoexpressão de p53, c-erb-B2 e P-gp em OS, correlacionando os parâmetros entre si e com a presença de anaplasia. MÉTODO: O estudo incluiu 96 biópsias pré-quimioterapia de pacientes com OS de alto grau, diagnosticados entre 1991 e 2000. A pesquisa imuno-histoquímica de p53, P-gp e c-erb-B2 foi feita pela técnica da estreptoavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Foram considerados positivos os casos onde havia imunoexpressão em 10 por cento ou mais das células neoplásicas. Somente colorações membranosa (para cerb-B2 e P-gp) e nuclear (para p53) foram consideradas positivas. Anaplasia foi definida como no tumor de Wilms, sendo considerada presente ou ausente. RESULTADOS: Anaplasia pôde ser avaliada em 82/96 casos, estando presente em 29 (35,36 por cento). Imunoexpressão de p53 foi detectada em 25 dos 60 casos (36,23 por cento); de P-gp, em 30 dos 73 casos (41,1 por cento); e de c-erb-B2, em 22 dos 55 casos (40 por cento). Os resultados demonstraram associação entre as imunoexpressões de c-erb-B2 e p53 (p = 0,042), p53 e o parâmetro anaplasia (p = 0,015), anaplasia e Pg (p = 0.034) CONCLUSÕES: A imunoexpressão...

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcomas (OS), the most frequent primary malignant bone tumors, have aggressive local behavior and high rate of metastatization. The events that allow tumor growth and dissemination are still controversial. The studies about carcinogenesis and tumor progression in this neoplasia, which are based on c-erb-B2, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and p53 immunoexpression, show conflicting results as to the real prognostic value and its correlations with histological parameters. Anaplasia in childhood neoplasias is a histological parameter of tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. In primary or metastatic OS, its meaning remains controversial. On the other hand, in other human neoplasias, c-erb-B2 expression is associated with p53, nuclear grade and other aggressiveness parameters. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate p53, c-erb-B2 and P-gp immunoexpression in OS, correlating the parameters with the presence of anaplasia. METHODS: This study included 96 pre-chemotherapy biopsies in patients with high-grade OS diagnosed between 1991 and 2000. The immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and c-erb-B2 was carried out with the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Cases were considered positive when there was immunoexpression in 10 percent or more neoplastic cells. Only membrane staining (for c-erb-B2 and P-gp), and nuclear staining (for p53) were considered positive. Anaplasia was defined as Wilms' tumor, and considered present or absent. RESULTS: Anaplasia was present in 29 out of 82 cases (35.36 percent); p53 immunoexpression was detected in 25 out of 60 cases (36.23 percent); P-gp, in 30 out of 73 cases (41.1 percent); and c-erb-B2, in 22 out of 55 cases (40 percent). The results demonstrated an association between c-erb-B2 and p53 immunoexpression (p = 0.042), p53 and parameter of anaplasia (p = 0.015), anaplasia and P-gp (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: The p53, c-erb-B2 and P-gp immunoexpression is relatively frequent in high-grade, metastic...

Correlação do tipo de biópsia e sua validade diagnóstica nos tumores músculo-esqueléticos em distintas topografias / Correlation of the type of biopsy and its diagnostic validity in musculoskeletal tumors in different locations

OBJETIVO: O propósito deste estudo foi aquilatar a precisão das biópsias por trefina de Jamshidi, realizadas no Serviço de Ortopedia Oncológica da UNIFESP/EPM, em tumores músculo-esqueléticos, em distintas topografias, tendo como objetivo propor uma classificação para categorizar as biópsias conforme a sua efetividade. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados de modo retrospectivo 107 pacientes que haviam sido biopsiados com agulha de Jamshidi e posteriormente submetidos a ressecção do tumor seguida de exame anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 23,5 anos (2,7 a 68,7 anos). Quanto ao sexo, 40,2 por cento eram mulheres e 50,8 por cento homens. Desse universo, 86 apresentavam tumor ósseo (80,4 por cento) e 21, tumor de partes moles (19,6 por cento). Quanto à localização, os tumores encontravam-se preferencialmente nos membros inferiores (72 por cento), seguidos dos membros superiores (22,4 por cento) e pelve (5,6 por cento). Foi proposta conjuntamente uma classificação para categorizar as biópsias conforme o seu resultado em excelente, bom, regular e mau. RESULTADOS: A análise dos dados gerais demonstrou resultados excelentes em 80,4 por cento das biópsias, bons em 8,4 por cento, regulares em 2,8 por cento e ruins em 8,4 por cento. Somando-se os resultados excelentes e bons, encontram-se 88,8 por cento dos casos. Nos casos avaliados, encontraram-se 3,7 por cento de complicações; em nenhum caso a biópsia contra-indicou a cirurgia conservadora com preservação do membro. CONCLUSÃO: As biópsias com agulha de Jamshidi representam método bastante eficiente de diagnóstico das lesões músculo-esqueléticas, com baixo índice de complicações e bons resultados comparáveis aos das biópsias abertas.

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to evaluate trephine biopsies with Jamshidi needle performed at the Oncologic Orthopedics Service at UNIFESP/EPM, in musculoskeletal tumors in different locations, in order to propose an effectiveness classification of biopsy categories. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 107 patients that had been submitted to biopsy with the Jamshidi needle and later to a tumor resection followed by an anatomopathological exam of the surgical specimen. Mean age of the patients was 23.5 years (2.7 to 68.7 years). Regarding gender, 40.2 percent were female, and 50.8 percent male. In this series, 86 had bone tumor (80.4 percent) and 21 had soft tissue tumors (19.6 percent). With respect to location, tumors were found mainly in the lower limbs (72 percent), followed by upper limbs (22.4 percent), and pelvis (5.6 percent). A joint proposal was prepared to classify biopsy categories according to the excellent, good, regular, and poor result. RESULTS: General data analysis showed excellent results in 80.4 percent of the biopsies, good results in 8.4 percent, regular in 2.8 percent, and poor in 8.4 percent. Adding together excellent and good results, one has 88.8 percent of the cases. In the series, the authors found 3.7 percent of complications, and in no case the biopsy served to rule out conservative surgery with preservation of the limb. CONCLUSION: Biopsies with Jamshidi needle represented quite an efficient diagnostic method for musculoskeletal lesions, with low rate of complications and good results comparable to those of open biopsies.

Tratamento das metástases do tumor de mama na coluna vertebral / Treatment of spinal metastases from breast cancer

Objetivo: Analisar 145 portadores de neoplasia de mama que apresentavam 437 lesões metastáticas em diferentes ossos do esqueleto. Métodos: As lesões foram divididas por segmentos: membro superior com 33 (7,55 por cento) lesões, membro inferior com 149 (34,10 por cento) e esqueleto axial com 255 (58,35 por cento). Os pacientes foram encaminhados para o Departamento de Ortopedia devido àqueixa de dor ou fratura (59,3 por cento) ou à suspeita da presença de lesão óssea no estadiamento ou ao longo do seguimento dos casos (40,69 por cento). Todos os pacientes receberam tratamento adjuvante com químio, hormônio ou radioterapia. No esqueleto axial, 228 pacientes (97,02 por cento) foram submetidos a tratamento conservador e em sete (2,98 por cento) foi necessário tratamento cirúrgico. Em 189 pacientes (74,12 por cento) as lesões não se apresentaram como fraturas e em 66 (25,88 por cento) houve fratura na coluna. Foram analisados o controle local das lesões e a função após o tratamento. No esqueleto axial, 186 (96,8 por cento) pacientes apresentaram controle local e função satisfatória. No que se refere ao dano neurológico, os pacientes foram analisados de acordo com o segmento da colu na acometida. Resultados: Na coluna cervical 19 pacientes (95 por cento) não apresentaram déficit neurológico; nos segmentos torácico e lombar esses valores foram, respectivamente, de 83 (95,40 por cento) e 82 (96,47 por cento). Conclusão: O tratamento ortopédico associado ao tratamento químio-hormônio-radioterápico mostrou-se eficiente e permitiu melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes estudados