Conductive imprinted polymeric interfacially modified electrochemical sensors based on covalently bonded layer-by-layer assembly of Gr/Au with flower-like morphology for sensitive detection of 2,4,6-TCP.

Polymeric membrane sensors based on molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been attractive analytical tools for detecting organic species. However, the MIPs in electrochemical sensors developed so far are usually prepared by in situ polymerization of pre-polymers and non-covalent adsorption on the surface of the working electrode. Meanwhile, the MIPs in the electrochemical sensors developed are typically made of a non-conductive polymer film. This results in a relatively low current due to the lack of electron transfer. Additionally, the smoothness of the traditional electrochemical substrate results in a low specific surface area, which reduces the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor. Here, we describe a novel electrochemical sensor with a conductive interface and MIPs modification. The electrochemical sensor was modified by covalent coupled layer by layer self-assembly with the imprinted polymer film. The incorporation of these two conductive functional materials improves the conductivity of the electrodes and provides interface support materials to obtain high specific surface area. By using 2,4,6-trichlorophenol as the model, the sensitivity of the developed conductive sensor was greatly improved compared to that of the traditional MIPs sensor. We believe that the proposed MIPs-based sensing strategy provides a general and convenient method for making sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors.

Fractionated lignin as a polyol in polyurethane fabrication.

The main purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate the effect of lignin, which was fractioned by green solvents into different molecular weights and used as polyol in the production of polyurethane foams (PUF). The results indicated that the foams prepared with the lower molecular weight lignin had uniform and complete pore structure and improved the mechanical strength. However, the higher molecular weight fraction lignin improved the density and thermal stability of the foam more significantly at the expense of inferior mechanical strength and pore structure deficiency. When the substitution degree of lignin in the PUF was 2 %-30 %, 99.13 % of the lowest molecular weight lignin was participated in the reaction to produce PUF, which improved the elongation at break (Eb) and tensile strength (Ts) of PUF to 834 % and 0.90 MPa, respectively. Also, thermal stability and the amount of unreacted lignin in PUF were increased at a higher substitution degree of lignin in PUF.

Potential toxic effects of perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride analysis based on multiple-spectroscopy techniques and molecular modelling analysis.

Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (PBSF) has been used in the manufacture of fluorochemicals. Since PBSF is not biodegradable, the predicted environmental levels of PBSF are also expected to rise over time. In recent years, there has been a rise in the levels of PBSF in humans. In order to clarify the impact of PBSF on the accumulation of substances in the human body, we examined the interaction mechanism between PBSF and bovine serum albumin (BSA). To investigate the interaction mechanism between PBSF and BSA, we utilized a range of methods including UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, molecular docking simulation, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The inherent fluorescence of BSA was effectively suppressed by PBSF through fluorescence quenching analysis, using a static mechanism. The Ka value of 1.34 × 105 mol-1 L indicated a strong binding between PBSF and BSA. Further analysis of the interaction between PBSF and BSA involved examining thermodynamic parameters, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and conducting other theoretical calculations. These investigations produced results that were in strong accordance with the experimental observations. The participation of hydrophobic interactions between BSA and PBSF was uncovered through molecular docking and MD simulation investigations. Furthermore, this investigation explored the impact of copper ions (Cu2+) and calcium ions (Ca2+) on the interaction between PBSF and BSA, establishing a vital basis for comprehending the mechanism by which PBSF affects proteins in the human surroundings.

Bifunctional catalytic degradation of diclofenac over Cu-Pd co-modified sponge iron-based trimetal: Parameter optimization.

Currently, the pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have posed great challenge to advanced oxidation techniques (AOTs). In this study, we decorated sponge iron (s-Fe0) with Cu and Pd (s-Fe0-Cu-Pd) and further optimized the synthesis parameters with a response surface method (RSM) to rapidly degrade diclofenac sodium (DCF). Under the RSM-optimized conditions of Fe: Cu: Pd = 100: 4.23: 0.10, initial solution pH of 5.13, and input dosage of 38.8 g/L, 99% removal of DCF could be obtained after 60 min of reaction. Moreover, the morphological structure of trimetal was characterized with high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals have also been applied to capture reactive hydrogen atoms (H*), superoxygen anions, hydroxyl radicals, and single state oxygen (1O2). Furthermore, the variations of DCF and its selective degradation products over a series of s-Fe0-based bi(tri)metals have been compared. Additionally, the degradation mechanism of DCF has also been explored. To our best knowledge, this is the first report revealing the selective dechlorination of DCF with low toxicity over Pd-Cu co-doped s-Fe0 trimetal.

Evaluation the binding of chlorogenic acid with bovine serum albumin: Spectroscopic methods, electrochemical and molecular docking.

Chlorogenic acid(CGA) is the common active phenolic acid in Chinese medicinal materials such as honeysuckle and eucommia. It is a class of small molecules with multiple activities such as antioxidant, inhibiting cancer cells, lowering blood sugar and lowering blood pressure. In this paper, UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, molecular dynamics simulation and cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical analysis were used to investigate the mechanism about interaction between CGA and BSA. Based on fluorescence quenching analysis, CGA quenched the inherent fluorescence of BSA remarkably through a static mechanism. The obtained value of binding constant (Kb = 5.75 × 105 L·mol-1) revealed a high binding affinity between CGA and BSA. The simulated molecular docking showed that hydrophobic force were also involved in the interaction between BSA and CGA. This paper also investigate the effect of temperature and metal ions on the binding of CGA and BSA. When the temperature increased, the binding of BSA and CGA was destroyed. Metal ions affect both the structure of BSA and the combination of BSA and CGA. By studying the mechanism of CGA interaction with BSA, we elucidated the storage and transport mechanism of CGA in vivo under simulated human environment and temperature conditions.

Amplification of fluorescence polarization signal based on specific recognition of aptamers combined with quantum quenching effect for ultrasensitive and simple detection of PCB-77.

Here, we report a novel aptasensor based on decahedral silver nanoparticles (Ag10NPs) enhanced fluorescence polarization (FP) for detecting PCB-77. Using aptamer modified Ag10NPs hybridized with DNA sequence labeled fluorescent group as an analytical probe, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-77) could be detected with high sensitivity and selectivity. The linear range of determination was 0.02 ng/L to 390 ng/L and the limit of detection was 5 pg/L. In addition, through the optimization of the experiment condition and signal probe DNA (pDNA), we found that the maximum FP signal could be generated when the distance between fluorescein and the surface of Ag10NPs was 3 nm. When the aptamer was immobilized on the surface of Ag10NPs could be strengthened the anti-interference performance of aptamer nanoprobe and further improved the detection ability. At the same time, we also compared the detection performance of the traditional FP signal enhancer streptavidin (SA) analysis system. The fluorescence polarization aptasensor could detect PCB-77 samples efficiently in complex environmental water, which shows a good application prospect.

Correlation between physicochemical characteristics of lignin deposited on autohydrolyzed wood chips and their cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis.

Enzymatic hydrolysis is a method to generate biofuel from biomass, and autohydrolysis is a popular method to pretreat biomass prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the role of lignin produced in the autohydrolysis process on the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. The HSQC and 31P NMR analyses confirmed that ß-O-4 of lignin was reduced, while ß-5, ß-ß, and S/G-ratio of lignin were increased with intensifying the hydrolysis intensity.The increase in the hydrolysis intensity significantly enhanced the condensed and non-condensed phenolic OH group of lignin. Interestingly, the cellulase enzyme adsorbed more on lignin that had more phenolic content, and its association with lignin reduced its activity for hydrolyzing cellulose microcrystals. Strong negative correlations were observed between the enzymatic hydrolysis yield and the condensed S-OH (r2 = 0.978) and G-OH (r2 = 0.961) of lignin generated in the autohydrolysis process.

Green solvents-based molecular weight controllable fractionation process for industrial alkali lignin at room temperature.

The molecular weight is one of the most important factors influencing the utilization of industrial lignin obtained from chemical pulping process. In this paper, a facile operative green solvent system was successfully developed for molecular weight-controllable fractionation of industrial alkali lignin (IAL) at room temperature. The results showed that through adjusting the ratio of water, ethanol and γ-Valerolactone (GVL), the industrial lignin was fractionated into six levels with molecular weight stepwise controllable from low to high. The fractionation is a physical process according to FTIR and 2D-HSQC NMR analysis, and the chemical structure of lignin has not changed. Additionally, the polydispersity of fractionated lignin with higher molecular weight tends to be narrower. The content of hydroxyl and carboxyl group is higher for the fractionated lignin with lower molecular weight, which would be beneficial for the chemical reactivity in the down-stream application.

[Analysis of Ozone Pollution Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Identification of Its Long-term Variation Driving Factor over Hunan Province].

Despite the alleviation of particulate matter (PM), the ambient ozone (O3) concentration is continuously increasing in Hunan province where the investigation of O3 pollution has been rarely reported. Accordingly, the spatio-temporal evolution of O3 pollution was first analyzed based on hourly air quality data observed by national monitoring stations from 2015 to 2020 over 14 cities in Hunan province. Afterwards, the combination of meteorological data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and the generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the driving factors of the O3 long-term trend during this period. The results presented obvious diurnal, monthly, and seasonal characteristics of O3 variations. High O3 concentrations occurred in May and September monthly, and the peak O3 season was autumn. Furthermore, the 90th percentile O3 increased at a rate of 4.7 µg·(m3·a)-1 temporally, and high O3 values mainly occurred in the north-eastern region spatially, in contrast to the low O3 values in the western region. The modeling results indicated that the increase in O3 was mainly ascribed to precursor emissions. Furthermore, meteorology promoted a rise in O3 with the impact magnitude of 1 µg·(m3·a)-1. Remarkably, meteorology accelerated the O3 increases in spring, summer, and the eastern region, whereas it restrained increases in autumn, winter, and the northwest. The effect of meteorology on PM10 was different from O3 during this period. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of meteorological impacts when regulating emission reduction measures for O3 abatement. It required greater effort regarding O3 mitigation to offset the side-effect from meteorology in meteorology-sensitive seasons and regions. Additionally, the regional corporation is indispensable to reduce O3 transportation from upwind.

Evaluation the effect of nanoparticles on the structure of aptamers by analyzing the recognition dynamics of aptamer functionalized nanoparticles.

Aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles have been widely studied as targeted probes in biomedical applications for targeted therapy and imaging. The rigidity of the nanoparticle could stabilized the spatial structure of the aptamer, ensuring the selectivity and affinity for target recognition in the complex environment. The main aim of this article study was to explore the effect of the spatial structure of aptamer in the interaction between aptamer nanoprobes and receptors. We designed and synthesized aptamer functionalized nanoparticle systems with different derivation lengths, and developed a unique kinetic analysis to quantify affinity interactions. The system used silver decahedral nanoparticles (Ag10NPs), which was then chemically functionalized with thrombin (or IgE) aptamers of different tail lengths to produced different nanoprobes, and employed thrombin (or IgE) as target on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor to evaluate the binding of these nanoprobes. Kinetic analysis of the SPR binding curve was performed to evaluated the affinity between nanoprobes and targets. Under the premise of eliminating multivalent interactions, we found that the distance between aptamer and nanoparticle could affect the affinity between nanoprobe and target. Furthermore, we found that keeping a certain distance between aptamer and nanoparticle could effectively improved the recognition efficiency of the aptamer nanoprobe and target. It shows that the rigidity of nanomaterials could maintain the spatial structure of the aptamer.

RAB40C gene polymorphisms rs62030917 and rs2269556 are associated with an increased risk of lumbar disc herniation development in the Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) places a serious burden on the daily lives and socioeconomics of people. Although the pathogenesis of LDH is complex, genetic factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may affect the risk of developing LDH. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of RAB40C SNPs on the risk of LDH in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We investigated 508 LDH cases and 508 healthy controls for this case-control study. Three tag SNPs in RAB40C were selected and genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). After adjusting for age and gender, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: In the allele model, we found rs62030917 and rs2269556 in RAB40C with a minor G allele significantly increased the risk of LDH (rs62030917: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50, p = 0.046; rs2269556: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.02-1.45, p = 0.033). In genetic model analysis, rs2269556 was associated with an increased risk of LDH under both codominant (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03-2.15, p = 0.035) and log-additive models (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-1.45, p = 0.035). rs62030917 of RAB40C was associated with an increased risk of LDH under codominant, recessive and log-additive models (p < 0.05) only among individuals younger than 49 years after stratification by age. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, our results suggest that rs62030917 and rs2269556 in the RAB40C gene influence genetic susceptibility to LDH.

Screening aptamers for serine ß-lactamase-expressing bacteria with Precision-SELEX.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) is a serine ß-lactamase that can hydrolyze almost all ß-lactam antibiotics. The drug resistant problem of bacteria expressing carbapenemases is currently a global problem, therefore, rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria is urgent. In order to obtain an aptamer that can specifically recognize bacteria expressing KPC-2, we have established a method called Precision-SELEX. Precision-SELEX combined protein SELEX and bacterium SELEX. In this method, KPC-2 was used as a target protein, and Escherichia coli expressing KPC-2 (KPC-2 E. coli) was used as a target bacterium. After precision-SELEX, the same aptamer named XK-10 that can recognize KPC-2 and KPC-2 E. coli was obtained while the screening process could be shortened to 4 rounds. Dissociation equilibrium constants were calculated as 0.81 nM by SPR. In addition, XK-10 could specifically bind to KPC-2 E. coli, which was confirmed through flow cytometry and molecular Docking Simulations. The high-content imaging method could detect KPC-2 E. coli. In all, the Precision-SELEX provides an accurate and efficient method to screening aptamers for bacteria.

The discovery of lactoferrin dual aptamers through surface plasmon resonance imaging combined with a bioinformation analysis.

An analytical method for screening aptamers for different recognition sites in lactoferrin (Lac) molecules has been developed based on Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi), combined with the cluster classification calculation of a quasi-aptamer library strategy and molecular docking simulation analysis. Using the software simulation, a homology analysis was performed on the selected quasi-aptamer sequences, which could be divided into 8 different families. Based on the principle of biomolecular recognition, a label-free, high-throughput dual immune site screening method was established, in which the nucleic acid aptamers of recognizing ability for lactoferrin molecules were fixed onto the surface of the SPRi sensor chip and could bind to the lactoferrin molecules. Then, the aptamer candidates to be paired were introduced, and the recognition event of the second immune site was judged by observing the binding signal of SPRi. The paired SPRi signal was generated only when the site identified by the second nucleic acid molecule was different from the first immune site. Based on this principle, a pair of Lac nucleic acid aptamers (Lac-8 and Lac-25) was finally screened and confirmed using computerized simulation, and has been employed to assay Lac in milk by ELONA (Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Assay).

Balancing the effect of pretreatment severity on hemicellulose extraction and pulping performance during auto-hydrolysis prior to kraft pulping of acacia wood.

When using a combination of pre-extraction and chemical pulping, a high yield of sugar recovery and minimal negative effect on the subsequent pulping step are expected. In this work, the P factor was utilized to investigate the effect of auto-hydrolysis severity on sugar recovery, removal of the main component, and impact on the kraft pulping of acacia wood chips. Using a P factor of 235, 84.34% of the polysaccharides in 14.05 g L-1 of dissolved sugars could be obtained. In addition, the soluble sugars were easily separated with a recovery yield of 3.54 g ·L-1 and Mw of 4,690 g mol-1 by direct precipitation using organic solvents. However, a maximum of 22.14 g L-1 of dissolved sugars was obtained with approximately 72.53% polysaccharides and Mw of 2,198 g mol-1 for a P factor of 601. Moreover, nearly 50% of the degraded carbohydrates remained in the auto-hydrolyzed wood chips. The decrease in the mass of pentosan, holocellulose, and klason lignin was 62, 30, and 8.76%, respectively. With intensifying severity, the screened yield and viscosity of pulps decreased markedly, whileas the Kappa number increased. No significant differences were observed in the morphology of the resultant fibers. Moreover, there was a decrease in the physical strength of the pulps due to the loss of the intrinsic strength of the pulp fibers, which in turn resulted from the cellulose damage. The combustion performance of the resultant pulping black liquor is improved due to the higher lignin content.

Elimination terminal fixed region screening and high-throughput kinetic determination of aptamer for lipocalin-1 by surface plasmon resonance imaging.

A highly efficient method for eliminating terminal fixed region interference of aptamer with real-time monitoring of the SELEX process was described by silver decahedra nanoparticles probe (Ag10-A10-RP(15)) capture and block the terminal fixed region candidates. A microarray chip was developed by immobilization of target protein (lipocalin-1 (LCN-1)) and control proteins (Human serum albumin (HSA), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Holo-transferrin) on the biochip surface. The nucleic acid pool was first incubated with target and then captured by hybridization with Ag10-A10-RP(15). The work allows rapid screening of aptamer elimination fixed-region interference, and the kinetic constants of candidate sequences can be quickly determined using SPRi technology. Eventually, ten aptamers with high affinity and specific for LCN-1 after only fifth-round of selection was acquired.

Circular RNA expression profiles of mouse ovaries during postnatal development and the function of circular RNA epidermal growth factor receptor in granulosa cells.

PURPOSE: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The contribution of circRNAs in the regulation of granulosa cells (GCs) functions is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to analyze circRNA expression in adult and neonate ovaries, uncover the biological roles of circ_0002861 (circEGFR) and identify the mechanism by which it modulates follicular development. BASIC PROCEDURES: The circRNA expression profiles of adult and neonatal mouse ovaries were explored by high-throughput sequencing. The function of circEGFR was measured by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, overexpression, knockdown, RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays in GCs. MAIN FINDINGS: Numerous differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in adult and neonatal ovaries. Through circRNAs expression patterns and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, estrogen signaling was found to be upregulated in adult ovaries compared with neonate ovaries. Further analysis revealed that the expression of circEGFR (circ_0002861, ID: mmu_circ_0002861 in circBase) was increased in adult ovaries compared with neonate ovaries. circEGFR is formed by splicing from exons 14 and 15 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene to produce a covalently linked 249-nucleotide circRNA. Overexpression of circEGFR increased estradiol (E2) production and GCs growth, whereas circEGFR knockdown enhanced progesterone production and inhibited (E2) secretion by GCs. Bioinformatic screening identified several binding sites for miR-125a-3p in the circEGFR sequence. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that circEGFR may act as a sponge for miR-125a-3p, thus modulating Fyn expression. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate that circEGFR may play a vital role in ovarian GCs by modulating Fyn via competitive binding with miR-125a-3p. Our results suggest potential applications of circEGFR in reproductive and steroid-related disorder therapy.

Quinine-modified polymer monolithic column with reversed-phase /strong anion-exchange mixed-mode for pressurized capillary electrochromatography.

Via the facile ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups with quinine, a novel polymer monolith with quaternary ammonium for reversed-phase/strong anion-exchange mixed-mode has been fabricated for pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC). Optimization on the preparation of quinine-modified monoliths has been investigated, and characteristics including morphology, permeability, mechanical stability, reproducibility, and column performance have been also studied. Active quaternary ammonium groups were conveniently produced to generate cationic action sites and stable anodic electroosmotic flow. Multiple interactions including reversed-phase, strong anion-exchange, electrostatic repulsion and π-π stacking interactions were obtained. Satisfactory separation capability of various analytes such as alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzoic acid and its homologs, and ß2 -receptor excitants has been achieved. Applied to the real sample, the good resolution of three alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo were achieved by pCEC with the quinine-modified monolith. The results light a potential access to facilely fabricating quaternary ammonium-functionalized polymer monolith with multiple interactions for efficient electrochromatography profiling of various compounds.

Silver decahedral nanoparticles empowered SPR imaging-SELEX for high throughput screening of aptamers with real-time assessment.

A highly efficient method for aptamer screening with real-time monitoring of the SELEX process was described by silver decahedra nanoparticles (Ag10-NPs) enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). A microarray chip was developed by immobilization of target protein (Lactoferrin (Lac)) and control proteins (α-lactalbumin (α), ß-lactoglobulin (ß), casein, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on the biochip surface. Ag10-NPs were conjugated with an ssDNA library (lib) (Ag10-NPs-library) that consisted of a central 40 nt randomized sequence and a 20 nt fixed primer sequence. Introduction of the Ag10-NPs-library to the SPRI flow channels drastically increased the sensitivity of SPRI signal for real-time monitoring of SELEX. The work allows rapid screening of potential targets, and yields nine aptamers with high affinity (nanomolar range) for Lac after only six-rounds of selection. The aptamer Lac 13-26 was then further tested by SPRI, and the results demonstrated that the aptamer had the capacity to be ultra-sensitive for specific detection of Lac. The novel SPRI-SELEX method demonstrated here showed many advantages of real-time evaluation, high throughput, and high efficiency.

Bivalent Aptasensor Based on Silver-Enhanced Fluorescence Polarization for Rapid Detection of Lactoferrin in Milk.

Here we report a novel type of bivalent aptasensor based on silver-enhanced fluorescence polarization (FP) for detection of lactoferrin (Lac) in milk powder with high sensitivity and specificity. The novel two split aptamers were obtained from the aptamer reported in our previous SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) selection, and their minimal structural units were optimized on the basis of their affinity and specificity. Also, dual binding sites of split aptamers were verified. The bivalent aptamers were modified to be linked with signal-molecule fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and enhancer silver decahedral nanoparticles (Ag10NPs). The split aptamers could bind to different sites of Lac and assemble into a split-aptamers-target complex, narrowing the distance between Ag10NPs and FITC dye. As a result, Ag10NPs could produce a mass-augmented and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect. In general, ternary amplification based on Ag10NPs, split aptamers, and the MEF effect all contributed to the significant increase of FP values. It was proved that the sensitivity of this assay was about 3 orders of magnitude over traditional aptamer-based homogeneous assays with a detection limit of 1.25 pM. Furthermore, this design was examined by actual milk powder with rapid and high-throughout detection.

Selection of aptamers based on a protein microarray integrated with a microfluidic chip.

We developed an efficient and fast method based on a protein microarray integrated with a microfluidic chip for the process of SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). Lactoferrin from bovine milk was used as a target protein, while bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin and casein were used as negative proteins. They were separately dotted and immobilized to prepare the protein microarray and the resulting microarray was further integrated into a microfluidic chip for the SELEX (PMM-SELEX) process. The interaction between aptamer candidates and targets could be monitored using a fluorescence microarray scanner and the whole PMM-SELEX process was performed through seven-round selection. As a result, five aptamers (Lac-14, Lac-6a, Lac-9, Lac-5, Lac-3a) with high specificity and affinity can be repeatedly obtained during three times of independent repeated selection. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to calculate the dissociation constants (Kd). The aptamer Lac-6a was then used for detection of lactoferrin by fluorescence polarization. A linear response was observed for lactoferrin concentrations in the range of 0.78-50 µg mL-1 and the detection limit was 0.39 µg mL-1. Thus, the innovative PMM-SELEX presented shows stability, accuracy and high efficiency for aptamer screening.