A novel maximum power point tracking with hybrid control algorithm for automotive thermoelectric generator system.

To dynamically track the maximum power of an automotive thermoelectric generator (ATEG) system in real-time, this study introduces a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm that integrates Kalman filtering and fuzzy control. Employing a two-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC boost converter in the MPPT controller effectively reduces current ripple and switch loss. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in tracking time compared to the traditional incremental conductance algorithm, attributed to the elimination of high-frequency components in output power by the Kalman filter. The novel algorithm exhibits enhanced tracking stability through the application of fuzzy control. Ultimately, the tracking accuracy of the novel algorithm surpasses that of the incremental conductance algorithm by 5.2%, achieving an impressive 94.9%. This study, therefore, presents a valuable contribution to a novel MPPT algorithm for precisely and rapidly tracking the global maximum power points of the ATEG system throughout the entire vehicle driving cycle.

Interaction-driven phases in a Dirac semimetal: exact diagonalization results.

The interaction-driven phases in the Dirac semimetal (SM) of the π-flux model on the square lattice are studied with nearest-(NN), next-nearest-(NNN) and next-next-nearest-neighbor (NNNN) interactions using the exact diagonalization method. We find that the NN interaction drives a phase transition from the SM phase to a charge density wave insulator. In the presence of the NNN interaction, the system becomes an anisotropic SM for small interactions and an insulator with the stripe order for large ones. The NNNN interaction drives the Dirac SM to a dimmerized insulator. The interplay of the NNN and NNNN interactions is also studied. We find that the NNNN interaction firstly eliminates the effect of the NNN interaction and then develops its favorable order. In the calculations, the signature of the interaction-driven quantum anomalous Hall phase is not found.

Real-time observations on crystallization of gold nanorods into spiral or lamellar superlattices.

Real-time observations on gold nanorods evolving into spiral or lamellar superlattices are demonstrated. 2D critical nuclei and screw dislocations initiate the crystallization process. Kinetics of the superlattice growth is determined to be similar to that of classical crystal growth, where three basic modes are involved: spiral, layer-by-layer and dendritic.