Convolutional neural network is a good technique for sleep staging based on HRV: A comparative analysis.

The fluctuation of heart rate is regulated by autonomic nervous system. In human sleep, the autonomic nervous system plays a leading role. Therefore, we can use heart-rate variability (HRV) to stage the sleep process. Based on two independent public datasets, we construct three end-to-end automatic sleep staging models: fully connected neural networks (FCN), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). Only the HRV sequence was used to classify and identify the four sleep stages of the subject's sleep process: wake(W), light sleep (LS), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM), and the confusion matrix was calculated. The three models were compared by performance index (precision, accuracy, F1, Kappa statistic) and Friedman test. Among these models, the CNN has the best classification effect. The precision of W, REM, LS and SWS were 88.31%, 98.07%, 81.16% and 99.36%, respectively. It's the average accuracy, average F1 value and Kappa statistic were 91.72%, 0.8850 and 0.8844 ±â€¯0.0095, respectively. The experimental results show that the convolutional neural network can achieve good sleep staging effect based on the signal of HRV solely, which is suitable for sleep detection in the home.

Differential Expression of Long Non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 and Imprinted Gene H19 in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the expression and the potential roles of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)and imprinted gene H19 in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC). Methods Four samples from patients with ECC were collected for high-throughput sequencing which was conducted to reveal the transcriptomic profiles of lncRNA CASC2 and H19.Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the potential roles of the two genes.Another 22 ECC tissue samples and the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(RBE,QBC939,HuH-28,and HuCCT1)with different degrees of differentiation were selected for validation.The para-carcinoma tissue and normal human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell(HIBEC)were used as the control groups.The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and H19 in carcinoma tissue,para-carcinoma tissue,and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlation analysis was carried out for the clinical indicators of patients with the expression levels of the target genes. Results The two target genes showed significantly different expression between carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue(all P<0.05).Specifically,CASC2 had higher expression level in the carcinoma tissue than in the para-carcinoma tissue(t=1.262,P=0.025),whereas the expression of H19 showed an opposite trend(t=1.285,P=0.005).The expression levels of CASC2 in QBC939(t=8.114,P=0.015)and HuH-28(t=9.202,P=0.012)cells were significantly higher than that in the control group.The expression levels of H19 were significantly lower in RBE(t=-10.244,P<0.001),QBC939(t=-10.476,P<0.001),HuH-28(t=-19.798,P<0.001),and HuCCT1(t=-16.193,P=0.004)cells than in the control group.Bioinformatics analysis showed that CASC2 was mainly involved in the metabolic process and H19 in the development of multicellular organisms.Both CASC2 and H19 were related to catalytic activity.The expression level of lncRNA CASC2 was correlated with pathological differentiation(χ 2=6.222,P=0.022)and lymph node metastasis(χ2=5.455,P=0.020),and that of lncRNA H19 with pathological differentiation(χ2=1.174,P=0.029)and tumor size(χ2=-0.507,P=0.037). Conclusions In the case of ECC,lncRNA CASC2 and H19 have transcription disorders.lncRNA CASC2 is generally up-regulated in the carcinoma tissue,while H19 is down-regulated.Both genes have the potential to become new molecular markers for ECC.

Epidemiological investigation and follow-up study of indeterminate HIV antibody test results in Jiading, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the rate and the population distribution of subjects with indeterminate result of HIV antibody test and to understand the relationships between the western blot(WB)banding patterns and HIV infection through follow-up reexamination. Methods Samples with indeterminate results of HIV antibody test were collected by Jiading Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2017. They were used for analysis of the source, the distribution of Western blotting band pattern and the follow-up results. Results Among 698 samples required to be re-tested for confirmation of HIV infection, 151(21.63%)showed indeterminate WB test results. There were 18 types of WB band in 151 HIV antibody-indeterminate samples. The most common band types, accounting for 79.47%, were p24, gp160, and gp160p24. One hundred(among 151)subjects were followed up and the success follow-up rate was 50.00%. Among them, 28(56.00%)samples were still with indeterminate results of HIV antibody, 11(22.00% turned to be negative and 11(22.00%)turned to positive. The follow-up confirmatory tests showed that 67.86% of the samples with p24 band were still with indeterminate results and 40.00% of the samples with gp160 band became HIV antibody-negative. The samples with one of the three band patterns of gp160gp120p24, gp160p24p17 and gp160gp120p66p51 all became HIV antibody-positive. Conclusion The detection rate of indeterminate HIV antibody results varies in different populations. Positive conversion rates with different WB band patterns are different. Follow-up of the populations with specific WB band patterns should be strengthened to detect HIV infection cases as early as possible.

Characteristics of sexual partner network and high-risk sex behaviors among men who have sex with men / 上海预防医学

[Objective]To ascertain characteristics of sexual partner network and high-risk sex behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) , providing references for intervention of high risk behavior in MSM. [Methods] Face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted among MSM recruited by voluntary counseling and testing clinics, peer mobilization, internet mobilization, outreach intervention, and so on.Descriptive statistics, χ2test, logistic regression analysis were applied for statistical analysis. [Results]A total of 334 MSM was investigated. Over the past 6 months, proportion of female partners, fixed male partners, multiple male partners, occasional and business male partners was 37.13％, 43.11％, 52.69％, 56.29％, and 4.19％ respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who were married, less educated, non-Shanghai domicile, and non-homosexual had more female partners in proportion, those with high income and homosexuality had more fixed male partners in proportion, and those who were married, non-Shanghai domicile had more multiple or occasional male partners in proportion. In the past 6 months, MSM who had unprotected sexual behaviors with female partners, fixed male partners, multiple or occasional male partners accounted for 75.21％, 65.97％, 59.66％, and 48.40％respectively. And analysis showed that respondents had more high-risk sexual behaviors with multiple male partners with their age increasing. [Conclusion] Sexual partner network of MSM is complex. MSM has a variety of sexual partners. Multiple sexual partners and unprotected sexual behaviors exist extensively among MSM. Related factor of sexual behaviors with multiple sexual partners is age.

Risk factors associated with postoperative complications after reoperation for recurrent Crohn disease / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the risk factors of postoperative complications after reoperation for recurrent Crohn disease(CD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1995 to 2009, 65 patients undergoing reoperation for recurrent CD were identified in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Risk factors of postoperative complications were analyzed. These patients were matched by age to 65 patients undergoing primary operation and treatment outcomes were compared between primary operation and reoperation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative complications were observed in 25 cases(38.5%) undergoing reoperation for CD recurrence and the rate of postoperative complication was higher than that after primary operation(12.3%). Postoperative complications rate in patients with stoma was significantly lower than those without stoma(15.8% vs. 47.8%, χ(2)=5.831, P=0.016). Compared to primary operation, reoperation had longer operative time, more severe intraperitoneal adhesion, and a longer postoperative hospital stay(all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Reoperation for CD recurrence is associated with higher postoperative complications. Temporary stoma may decrease the rate of postoperative complication.</p>

Binocular integration of binocular neurons in striate cortex of Kitten / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The integration of segregated pathways from the two eyes first appears in V1 neurons,where it not only plays a critical role in the generation of a three-dimensional visual representation.Abnormal visual experiences in critical period usually lead to amblyopia and binocular integration defects.Objective Present study was to investigate how neurons of kitten coordinate their activity patterns in response to synchronous dichoptic stimulus inputs in striate cortex.Methods Spike rate and local field potential(LFP) gamma band(20-90Hz) power of three kitten(1-1.2Kg,8-10 weeks old) to monocular and synchronous dichoptic presented gratings were assessed for 28 binocular neurons in V1 of kitten by in vivo extracellular record method under anaesthesia and paralysis.Ocular dominance index(ODI) and binocular integration index(BII) were assessed and the correlation between these two indexes were analyzed.Results In 28 cells with binocular characteristic,the absolute value of spike-ODI was significant larger than that of LFP-ODI(t=2.606,P=0.021).A positive linear correlation between the ocular preferences of spike and LFP was found(R2=0.513,F=27.423,P=0.003).In dichotic trails,binocular facilitation with BII for spike was 2.348±0.996,showing a significant reduce in comparison with BII for LFP(3.678±1.974)(t=2.671,P=0.019).Binocular integration index for two signals were greater when monocular responses of both eyes were similar(P=0.035 and P=0.124,respectively).Conclusion Both spike rate and gamma band power of LFP exhibited binocular facilitation to synchronous presented dichotic stimuli with significant facilitation induced by balanced monocular responses.Spiking activity and LFP reflect neural activities of different spatial scales and source components.

[Correlation of polymorphism in IL-6 gene promoter with BMI, inflammatory factors, and pathogenesis and progression of CHD].

This study was aimed to explore the correlation between IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms and coronary heart disease (CHD) by investigating the polymorphisms (-572G/C, -597G/A) in IL-6 gene promoter area, body mass index (BMI), inflammatory factors and other biochemical parameters in Han nationality of North China. The genotypes of IL-6 gene promoter-572G/C, -597G/A were detected by fluorescent probe hybridization with fluorescent resonance energy transfer and melting curve techniques in 194 CHD patients and 123 healthy people as control. The effects of genotype on plasma lipids, apoproteins, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and BMI were also studied. Logistic regression was performed to observe the risk factors of CHD. The results indicated that genotype of IL-6 gene promoter -597G/A polymorphism in 7 cases were GA and were GG in others, whereas no AA genotype had been found and no associations between polymorphism of IL-6 gene -597G/A, BMI and inflammatory factors were found. No differences had been found between the frequencies of IL-6 gene -572G/C genotypes and alleles in CHD and control group. However, significant difference was found between the G allele carrier (GG+GC) and non-G allele carrier (CC) of CHD and control group (p=0.0425). In the control group, median levels of systolic blood pressure of G allele carrier were significant higher than non-G allele carrier (p=0.02). Among all the subjects, median levels of BMI, hsCRP and systolic blood pressure in the group of G allele carrier were significantly higher than that in the group of non-G allele carrier, p values were 0.026, 0.022, 0.005 respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, triglyceride, sex, high blood pressure, apoprotein C2, cholesterol and lipoprotein-a) were the risk factors for CHD, and apoprotein A1 was a protective factor. The G allele of IL-6 gene -572G/C has been not found to be a risk factor for CHD. It is concluded IL-6 gene -597G/A polymorphism is not correlated with the susceptibility to CHD; IL-6 gene -572G/C polymorphism may be correlated with the susceptibility to CHD in Han nationality of North China, the mechanisms may be related with the changes of BMI, hsCRP and blood pressure levels resulted from the polymorphism of IL-6 -572G/C.

[Comparison of serum biochemical features between SARS and other viral pneumonias].

OBJECTIVE: To identify blood chemistry changes in coronavirus of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS: Biochemical changes in SARS patients were summarized and compared with other viral pneumonias. Serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), ferrum (Fe), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between SARS and other viral pneumonias were examined by Roche Diagnostics assay, HITACHI7600 automatic analyzer. Clinically confirmed SARS patients, patients with other viral pneumonias, and healthy controls were included in the study. RESULTS: Compared with healthy person, the levels of serum TC, Fe, Ca, Alb were significantly lowered (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the activity of LDH, CK, ALT, AST were elevated, the increase of CK and the decrease of Fe were the most significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the changes of TP and TG were not obvious. In the other viral pneumonias patients, ALT, AST, LDH were elevated slightly than those of healthy person, while Fe, Ca, Alb, TC, CK were a little reduced, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In convalescent stage, all the tests were returned to normal ranges except ALT, AST were still elevated in SARS patients. CONCLUSION: The changes in serum biochemistry are more marked in SARS patients compared with patients suffering from other viral pneumonias, the decrease of Fe as well as the inhibition of TC may be caused by the treatment of anti-virus.

[A preliminary report of SARS coronavirus specific RNA in SARS convalescents and medical person].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the method of fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) and gene-hip technique in detecting coronavirus in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and its value for clinical application. METHODS: Serum of 60 SARS patients, 20 samples of serum and 20 samples of gargling fluid of medical staff of the "Fever Clinic", and one cDNA specimen obtained from one SARS suspect patient were examined with F-PCR diagnosis kit and gene-chip technique for SARS coronavirus. RESULTS: Three methods, including DR Chip and two F-PCR kit from Zhongshan College Da'an gene stock company and Shanghai Fortune industrial joint-stock Co, Ltd, were used, and the results were all negative for all specimens, except one cDNA specimen, which was obtained from one SARS suspect patient, virus could be amplified by F-PCR. CONCLUSION: Special RNA fragment of SARS virus has not been detected in gargling fluid and serum of SARS convalescents and medical staff.