Low-temperature behaviors of the dipolar magnet Dy3Sb3Zn2O14with a strongly site-mixing disordered kagome lattice.

Interesting behaviors may emerge in the magnetic frustrated materials with significant site-mixing disorder. We present the results of the structural, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements of Dy3Sb3Zn2O14with ∼20%Dy/Zn site-mixing disorder, which results in either a diluted 2D triangular lattice, or an intermediate structure between the kagome and pyrochlore lattice. In addition to the sharp anomaly of the temperature dependence of specific heat atT∼0.35 K, which was attributed to the emergent charge order state for the sample with less disorder, a broad peak atT∼1.5 K, and a small hump belowT∼0.1 K are observed. The measured temperature dependence of specific heat and the Monte Carlo simulation suggest that the magnetic frustration persists despite of a strong site-mixing disorder.

[Analysis of parainfluenza virus infection in acute respiratory tract infection adult cases in Shanghai, 2015-2021].

Objective: To study the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of parainfluenza virus (PIV) in acute respiratory tract infection adult cases in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling PIV. Methods: Acute respiratory tract infections were collected from 13 hospitals in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021. Relevant information was registered, and respiratory specimens were sampled to detect respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 5 104 adult acute respiratory tract infection cases were included; the overall positive rate of the respiratory pathogens was 29.37% (1 499/5 104). The positive rate of PIV was 2.61% (133/5 104), compared with 2.32% (55/2 369) and 2.85% (78/2 735) in influenza-like cases (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases, respectively. Among them, PIV3 accounted for the highest proportion (62.41%, 83/133), followed by PIV1 (18.80%, 25/133), PIV2 (9.77%, 13/133), and PIV4 (9.02%, 12/133). The incidence of PIV-positive cases was mainly distributed in the first and second quarters, accounting for 62.41% (83/133). The difference in the incidence in each quarter was significant (χ2=24.78, P<0.001). Mixed infection accounted for 18.80% (25/133) of 133 PIV-positive cases, the mixed infection rates of ILI and SARI were 18.18% (10/55) and 19.23% (15/78), respectively, and the main mixed pathogen of PIV was coronavirus 229E. Conclusions: There are a certain proportion of PIV-positive acute respiratory tract infection cases in Shanghai. It is necessary to strengthen the etiological surveillance in acute respiratory tract infection cases, especially the mixed infection of PIV and other pathogens.

[Changes in epidemic intensity of influenza during 2014-2020 in Shanghai].

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the influenza surveillance network and compare the epidemic intensity of influenza during 2014-2020 in Shanghai. Methods: Based on the weekly reports of influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza cases from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. This study first evaluated the data reporting and specimen collection of ILI cases for each sentinel hospital, and then calculated the percentage of ILI (ILI%), the proportion of specimens tested positive for influenza, and the incidence of influenza among all ILI outpatient and emergency visits to measure the epidemic intensity of influenza. Finally, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to quantify the changes in epidemic intensity of influenza in 2020. Results: The proportion of influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals with a score of less than 5 in the evaluation of ILI data reporting and samples collection were 9.68% and 21.05% in 2020 in Shanghai, respectively. ILI% was estimated to be 1.51% (95%CI: 1.50%-1.51%) and 2.31% (95%CI: 2.30%-2.32%), respectively for 2014-2019 and 2020; the proportion of specimens tested positive was 24.27% (95%CI: 24.02%- 24.51%) and 7.15% (95%CI: 6.78%-7.54%), respectively; and the incidence of influenza was 3.66‰ (95%CI: 3.62‰-3.70‰) and 1.65‰ (95%CI: 1.57‰-1.74‰), respectively. ARIMA model showed that ILI% was increased by 45.25% in 2020 in Shanghai, and the proportion of specimens tested positive and the incidence of influenza were reduced by 78.45% and 51.80%, respectively. Conclusions: In 2020, the performance of influenza surveillance system has changed, ILI% has increased, the proportion of specimens tested positive and the incidence of influenza has decreased in Shanghai. The change in the quality of influenza surveillance is also a potential factor affecting the epidemic intensity of influenza. In the future, the quality control of influenza surveillance network still needs to be further strengthened.

[Prognostic value of perioperative change of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in coronary circulation on perioperative myocardial injury and clinical outcome of patients underwent surgical valve replacement].

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of observing perioperative changes of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in coronary artery circulation in patients underwent valve replacement surgery. Methods: This perspective cohort study was performed in patients who underwent valvular surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Fuwai Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022. Patients were divided into perioperative myocardial injury group and age-, sex- and type of cardiac procedure-matched non-perioperative myocardial injury control group in the ratio of 1∶1. Perioperative myocardial injury was defined as cardiac troponin T (cTnT)>0.8 µg/L on the first postoperative day (POD), and the cTnT level on the second POD increased by more than 10% compared with the cTnT level on the first POD. During the operation, blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus before clamping ascending aorta, and within 5 minutes after de-clamping ascending aorta. Then, the levels of MPO and NE on coronary sinus were continuously measured. The death, severe ventricular arrhythmia, pneumonia, re-intubation, repeat cardiac surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), mechanical ventilation time and the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) were recorded. The levels of MPO and NE and the incidence of clinical outcomes were compared between the myocardial injury group and the control group. The independent risk factors of myocardial injury were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 130 patients were enrolled, aged (60.6±7.6) years old, with 59 males (45.4%). There were 65 patients in the myocardial injury group and 65 patients in the control group. During hospitalization, there was no death, ECMO, IABP and CRRT cases in both groups. Compared with the control group, the incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmia (13.8%(9/65) vs. 3.1%(2/65), P=0.03), pneumonia (20.0%(13/65) vs. 3.1%(2/65), P=0.03), re-intubation (6.2%(4/65) vs. 0, P=0.04) was significantly higher in myocardial injury group. The mechanical ventilation time (16.8(10.7, 101.7) h vs. 7.5(4.7, 15.1) h, P<0.01), and the duration of ICU (3.7(2.7, 18.9) vs. 2.7(1.8, 6.9)d, P<0.01) were significantly longer in myocardial injury group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the levels of MPO and NE in coronary sinus blood between the two groups before aortic clamping (all P>0.05). However, MPO ((551.3±124.2) µg/L vs. (447.2±135.9) µg/L, P<0.01) and NE ((417.0±83.1)µg/L vs. (341.0±68.3)µg/L, P<0.01) after 5 min aortic de-clamping were significantly higher in myocardial injury group than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of NE (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.02, P<0.01), MPO (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.02) and mechanical ventilation time (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.01-1.06, P=0.02) were independent risk factors of myocardial injury in patients after surgical valvular replacement. Conclusion: Perioperative myocardial injury is related poor clinical outcomes, perioperative NE and MPO in coronary artery circulation are independent risk factors of perioperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.

A case of severe non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in a woman treated with atosiban for preterm labor.

BACKGROUND: A 27-year-old primigravid woman with a triamniotic pregnancy presented with preterm labor at 29 weeks of gestation and acute severe pulmonary edema after treatment with atosiban. CASE REPORT: The severe symptoms and hypoxemia of the patient led to emergency hysterotomy and intensive care unit hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical case prompted us to review the existing literature to examine studies on differential diagnoses in pregnant women with acute dyspnea. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition and the management of acute pulmonary edema are worth discussing.

[Application of high-density polyethylene implants in adult cleft lip and palate nasal deformity and dysfunction].

Objective: Through the use of high-density polyethylene implants in adults with cleft lip and palate nasal deformities and abnormal functions, to evaluate the clinical effect of postoperative patients on improving nasal shape and symptoms. Methods: A retrospective study of 12 patients with nasal deformities after cleft lip and palate surgery in the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine from January 2018 to January 2022 was completed, including 7 males and 5 females, with the age ranging from 18 to 29 years. All the patients underwent nasal deformity correction, and nasal septum correction was performed if necessary. High-density polyethylene implants (MEDPOR/Su-Por) were used intraoperatively. Follow-up for at least 6 months was performed to measure the relevant appearance indicators and subjective Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and to compare the clinical effects before and after surgery. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Before and after surgery, the average VAS score of nasal obstruction decreased by (4.83±0.94) points; the average VAS score of appearance satisfaction increased by (3.92±1.08) points; the height of nasal columella was increased by (1.79±0.78)mm; the height of nasal tip was increased by (2.79±1.50)mm; the height of ipsilateral nostril was increased by (1.83±0.62)mm; the width of the ipsilateral nasal floor was reduced by (0.42±0.47)mm. All of above were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High-density polyethylene implants can effectively improve the shape and function of the nose in operations related to cleft lip and palate nasal deformity and abnormal functions, and are an ideal synthetic material.

[The progression of the extent of lymph node dissection in radical resection of pancreatic head cancer].

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of digestive system with poor prognosis,and surgical resection is still the only hope for a radical cure. Although the current consensus and guidelines describe in detail the standard and extended range of lymph node dissection,the selection of specific range of lymph node dissection and its impact on prognosis are still controversial. Current studies have not only proposed some improved extent of lymph node dissection, such as total mesopancreas excision and Heidelberg triangle dissection, but also suggested different extent of lymph node dissection for ventral and dorsal pancreatic head cancer. In addition, the prognosis of pancreatic head cancer in uncinate process and non-uncinate process is different after para-aortic lymph node dissection, which is worthy of further study. Neoadjuvant therapy or conversion therapy provides more surgical opportunities for patients with pancreatic cancer. For these patients, Heidelberg triangle dissection has potential value in improving prognosis. This paper summarizes the exploration and latest progress of standard and extended lymph node dissection, lymph node dissection of specific site of pancreatic head cancer and the extent of lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant/transformation therapy in recent years.

Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of myocardial infarction? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Research shows that patients with bipolar disorders (BD) may have an altered risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, the association between the two is not clear. In this study, we reviewed evidence on the association between BD and subsequent risk of myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies published on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were identified up to 30th August 2023. Random-effects meta-analysis was done to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: A total of six studies with 19,862,894 individuals were included. Of these, 46,627 were diagnosed with BD (0.23%). The median follow-up of the studies varied from 7.6 to 20 years. Meta-analysis of all six studies showed that BD patients do not have a higher risk of MI as compared to the general population (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.86). The overall analysis had substantial heterogeneity with I2=86%. No publication bias was noted among the studies. Results did not change during sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence fails to show an association between BD and subsequent risk of MI. The high heterogeneity in the meta-analysis and lack of adjustment of all important confounders are significant limitations that need to be overcome by future studies.

[Application of skin phosphorylated synuclein in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy body].

Patients with dementia with Lewy body(DLB), Alzheimer disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTP), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and healthy controls in the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to March 2021 were recruited, with 3 in each group. Phosphorylated α-synuclein from the skin of DLB patients was detected by skin micro-biopsy and compared with patients with AD, FTP, PSP and health controls. Phosphorylated α-synuclein was found in the skin nerves of the DLB patients, while no α-synuclein were detected in the skin samples of others. Skin phosphorylated α-synuclein may potentially become a diagnostic biomarker of DLB, however further studies are warranted to assess its sensitivity and specificity.

[Impact of BMI on fresh cycle embryo transfer outcome of IVF/ICSI in patients with early follicular phase prolonged protocol].

Objective: To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on clinical effect and fresh cycle embryo transfer pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) in patients with early follicular phase prolonged protocol. Methods: From January 1st, 2018 to July 1st, 2020, 2 257 cases of early follicular long-term protocol in IVF/ICSI and embryo transfer were collected using the clinical assisted reproductive technologies management system software database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Patients were divided into three groups according to the recommended Asian BMI cut-off points: low body mass group (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal body mass group (18.5≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2), and high body mass group (BMI≥24.0 kg/m2). The ovarian stimulation characteristics among the groups were investigated. Then 1 741 fresh embryo transfer cycles were selected and divided into three groups as above, and then the ovulation induction and clinical outcomes were analyzed among the groups. Results: There were significant differences in the starting dosage of gonadotrophin (Gn), total dosage of Gn and days of Gn used among the low body mass group, normal body mass group, and high body mass group in the 2 257 IVF/ICSI cycles (all P<0.01). The high body mass group needed the most amount of Gn [(2 159±668) U] and longest Gn days [(12.3±2.5) days]. The estradiol and progesterone levels [(7 474±4 852) pmol/L, (3.4±1.9) nmol/L] on hCG trigger day in the high body mass group were lower than those in the low body mass group and normal body mass group (all P<0.01). The oocytes retrieved in high body mass group (8.4±4.1) were significantly lower than normal body mass group (P<0.05). The normal fertilization number, the available embryo number and high quality embryo number were all lower in the high body mass group than other two groups, while no significant difference showed (all P>0.05). In 1 741 cycles of fresh embryo transfer, the average number of transplanted embryos in the low body mass group (1.2±0.4) was decreased compared with the other two groups (P<0.05), while the biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the normal body mass group were higher compared with the other two groups, but the differences showed no statistically significance (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Increased BMI might affect ovulation induction response in early follicular phase prolonged protocol IVF/ICSI patients, leading to the increase of Gn dosage and the extension of Gn induction days. Although there is no significant difference in pregnancy outcome among different BMI groups, considering the increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes during subsequent pregnancy in overweight or obese patients, certain attention should still be paid to the control of BMI in patients receiving assisted reproduction treatment with early follicular phase prolonged protocol.

[Progress of circulating tumor DNA in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer].

Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) is the DNA fragment released into blood by tumor cells.Wheather it presents or not and its plasma concentration are closely related to the prognosis of patients. The common detection methods of ctDNA include digital polymerase chain reaction,second-generation sequencing,methylation detection technology and so on. Detecting specific point mutations or methylation of ctDNA can not only assist in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,but also be expected to identify pancreatic cancer at an early stage. Detecting ctDNA after operation can help predicting tumor recurrence and metastasis effectively,so that patients with high recurrence and metastasis risks can be intervened in advance. Accordingly,this article intends to review detection technology of ctDNA and its clinical applications in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,the prediction of tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery,and the evaluation of patient prognosis.

[Epidemiological investigation on an imported cutaneous anthrax case in Shanghai].

Objective: To discuss the challenges and problems of the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in Shanghai as a megacities. Methods: An imported case of cutaneous anthrax occurred in Shanghai on May 30, 2019. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention conducted an epidemiological investigation and treatment of the cases; after this case, the data of patients with cutaneous anthrax were collected, and an epidemiological study was conducted. Meanwhile, the wound and blood samples of the patient were collected for laboratory testing. Results: Of the seven wound samples of the patient, 6 were positive for the Bacillus anthracis nucleic acid test, and the double serological test results showed a 4-fold increase in the titer of anthrax antibodies. Shanghai CDC conducted an epidemiological investigation of the confirmed cases and observed its contacts. After treatment, the patients recovered, and no other issues appeared among the 19 contacts. Conclusions: Shanghai must strengthen the training of clinicians on emerging infectious diseases to achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of imported infectious diseases and reduce the incidence, spread, and death of the diseases. At the same time, multi-department joint prevention and control are needed to prevent and control secondary cases.

[Evaluation of the effects auricular reconstruction with Medpor combined with hearing rehabilitation].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of single-stage auricular reconstruction and hearing rehabilitation in children with microtia and external auditory canal atresia. Methods: Sixty eight cases of microtia with external auditory canal atresia (53 males and 15 females, age from 7 to 12 years, with a median age of 8.8 years), who received operations in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from July 2017 to December 2019 were collected.A total of 28 cases received auricle reconstruction with high-density polyethylene (Medpor) framework and hearing reconstructions, among which 20 patients received the traditional external auditory canal and middle ear repair (EACR), and eight patients were implanted bone conduction device bone bridge(BB) simultaneously.In the control group, 40 patients only received Medpor frame implantation for auricle plasty. Postoperative changes in auricle morphology and auditory function and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: After three to thirty months follow-ups, the auricles shape recovered well in all three groups. The average scores of 14 fine structures in the auricles were 9.43(EACR) and 10.67(BB) points. The average score of auricle symmetry were 6.83(EACR) and 6.00(BB) points. There was no significant difference compared to the auricle reconstruction group (8.23/6.20 points). P>0.05. After surgery, the average hearing improvement in the BB group was 43.33 dB HL and the average speech recognition threshold declined 42.28 dB HL. In the EACR group, the average hearing improvement was 4.13 dB HL and the average speech recognition threshold declined 11.36 dB HL. No vertigo, tinnitus, cerebrospinal fluid leakage and other complications occurred in all the patients. In the EACR group, sensorial hearing loss, auricle stent fracture, ear canal restenosis and ear canal atresia occurred in one patient respectively. In the auricle group, one auricle stent exposure and one facial branch nerve injury occurred. Nearly ten patients had difficulty in hair growth at scalp incisions. Conclusions: The operation of single-stage auricular reconstruction and hearing rehabilitation for microtia is feasible. The methods of hearing reconstruction should be determined by evaluating the development of the inner and middle ear of the patients. For those with poor mastoid development, bone bridge implantation is recommended to achieve a stable and significant hearing effect.

How similar is "similar," or what is the best measure of soil spectral and physiochemical similarity?

Spectral similarity indices were used to select similar soil samples from a spectral library and improve the predictive accuracy of target samples. There are many similarity indices available, and precisely how to select the optimum index has become a critical question. Five similarity indices were evaluated: Spectral angle mapper (SAM), Euclidean distance (ED), Mahalanobis distance (MD), SAM_pca and ED_pca in the space of principal components applied to a global soil spectral library. The accordance between spectral and compositional similarity was used to select the optimum index. Then the optimum index was evaluated if it can maintain the greatest predictive accuracy when selecting similar samples from a spectral library for the prediction of a target sample using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. The evaluated physiochemical properties were: soil organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay, silt, and sand content. SAM and SAM_pca selected samples were closer in composition compared to the target samples. Based on similar samples selected using these two indices, PLSR models achieved the highest predictive accuracy for all soil properties, save for CEC. This validates the hypothesis that the accordance information between spectral and compositional similarity can help select the appropriate similarity index when selecting similar samples from a spectral library for prediction.

[Analysis of adenovirus infection in acute respiratory tract infection cases in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019].

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics and mixed infection of adenovirus in acute respiratory tract infections in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of adenovirus. Methods: Acute respiratory tract infections were collected from 3 hospitals in Shanghai from 2015 to 2019. Relevant information was registered and respiratory specimens were sampled for detection of respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 1 543 cases of acute respiratory tract infection were included. The positive rate of adenovirus was 2.92%(45/1 543), the positive rates of influenza like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) were 2.74%(29/1 058) and 3.30%(16/485), respectively. The positive rate of ILI during January-May 2019 was 5.43%(7/129), higher than that in the same period of 2015- 2018 (0.52%-4.48%) (Fisher's exact test value=8.92, P=0.036). The incidence of adenovirus-positive cases was mainly distributed in the first and second quarters, accounting for 62.22% (28/45). The difference of the incidence of adenovirus-positive cases in each quarter was significant (χ(2)= 12.52, P=0.006). The positive rate in the second quarter was highest (6.03%), which was higher than that in other quarters (1.89%-2.93%). There were significant differences among different age groups (χ(2)=16.94, P=0.001), and the positive rate decreased with age (χ(2)=10.16, P=0.001). The positive rate of 13-19 years old group (9.43%) was higher than that of other age groups (1.48%-4.81%). The positive rate of student group (12.07%) was higher than that of other occupations (2.61%). The difference was systematic (χ(2)=11.53, P=0.001). Mixed infection accounted for 31.11% (14/45) of 45 adenovirus positive cases. The mixed infection rates of ILI and SARI were 34.48% (10/29) and 25.00% (4/16), respectively. Among 14 cases of mixed infection, the main mixed infection pathogens of adenovirus were influenza A virus and coronavirus. Conclusion: Adenovirus surveillance should be further strengthened in adolescents with a focus on students and other key groups in the second quarter.

[Investigation of an epidemic cluster caused by COVID⁃19 cases in incubation period in Shanghai].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of 5 confirmed COVID⁃19 cases related with the transmission in incubation period of initial case, and find out the infection source and transmission chain.. Methods: According to "The Prevention and Control Protocol for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Third Edition)" issued by the National Health Commission, a field epidemiological survey was conducted for the 5 cases in January 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from them for the detection of 2019-nCoV by real time RT-PCR. Multi prevention and control measures were taken, such as tracking and screening close contacts, medical isolation observation, investigating the epidemiological link, analyzing transmission chain. Results: Case 1, who had common environmental exposure with other COVID⁃19 cases, got sick on 20 January, 2020 and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 2 became symptomatic on 22 January and was confirmed on 27 January. Case 3 got sick on 25 January and was confirmed on 30 January. Case 4 had illness onset on 20 January and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 5 got sick on 23 January and was confirmed on 31 January. Among the 5 cases, case 2 died and the illness of other cases were effectively controlled. After exclusion of other common exposure factors, case 1 had a 6-hour meeting with case 2 and case 3 on 19 January. Case 2 and case 3 might be infected by case 1 during the incubation period. It is the key point for epidemiological investigation. Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation indicates that the transmission might occur in the incubation period of COVID-19 case, close attention should be paid to it in future COVID-19 prevention and control.

Analysis of Characteristics and Relevant Factors of 1 340 Cases of Intentional Injury Cases in Southwest China.

ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the characteristics and patterns of factors such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China. Methods One thousand three hundred and forty intentional injury cases from several places in southwest China from 2014 to 2016 assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ and above had been randomly selected. Data on victims' information, motives, injury tools, sites of occurrence, time of occurrence, injured parts and degrees of injury were classified and gathered, and then association analyses of motives and types of injury tools as well as degrees of injury and injury tools were made. Results Most of the victims were young adults between 20-50 years （65.2%）, male （82.3%）, rural household registration （62.8%）; the motives were mainly dispute （45.8%）. Injury tools were mostly blunt （54.6%） or sharp （36.0%）. Specifically, injuries were mostly made bare-handed （36.9%） and by cutting tools （33.2%）; the cases mainly occurred in public areas （59.0%）. Cases occurred more frequently in January （11.3%）, February （13.1%）, March （11.6%） and from 22：00 to 01：00 every night. Injuries mainly involved the craniofacial region. The wounds were mainly assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ （61.6%）. There was statistical significance in the difference of types of injury tools among cases with different motives （P<0.05）. There was statistical significance in the difference of the distribution of injury tools among cases with different degrees of injury （P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China has potential patterns and relevant influencing factors. Prevention and analysis of such cases need to be comprehensively considered from the aspects such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence.

[Etiologic and epidemiologic features of acute respiratory infections in adults from Shanghai, during 2015-2017].

Objective: To analyze the etiologic and epidemiological characteristics of adult acute respiratory infections in Shanghai during 2015-2017. Methods: Data was collected from outpatients with acute respiratory infections who visited the Fever Clinics in three hospitals of different levels in three administrative regions of Shanghai, from 2015 to 2017. Basic information and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from cases in line with the inclusion criteria. Multiplex RT-PCR and bacterial cultures were performed to detect the respiratory pathogens. Results: A total of 806 individuals were enrolled from 2015 to 2017. Respiratory pathogens were identified in 73.45% (592/806) of the cases, with the virus detection rate as 66.75% (538/806). It was found that the major respiratory pathogens for virus detection were influenza A in 326 (40.45%), influenza B in 116 (14.39%), rhinovirus/enterovirus in 39 (4.84%) of the cases. The overall detection rate of bacteria was 16.13% (130/806), including Klebsiella pneumoniae in 90 (11.17%) cases, Staphylococcus Aureus in 46 (5.71%) cases. Other kind of bacteria were not detected in our study. The detection rates on Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 5.33% (43/806) and on Chlamydia pneumonia was 0.37% (3/806). Co-infection with multiple pathogens was detected in 18.61% (150/806) of the cases, including 135 with double infection (accounting for 90.00%), 14 with triple infection and 1 with quadruple infection (accounted for 9.33% and 0.67%, respectively). Among the 150 cases with co-infections, the main identified pathogens were influenza A, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogens of acute respiratory infections that identified among the outpatients from the Fever Clinics at different time, region or population, the characteristics were different (P<0.001). Conclusions: In 2015-2017, outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Shanghai were mainly caused by influenza virus or other viruses, however dynamically with its composition, time, region and characteristics of the population. It is necessary to strengthen and combine related medical and preventive services and to develop the appropriate strategies regarding clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Improving polarized neutron imaging for visualization of the Meissner effect in superconductors.

The polarized neutron imaging technique provides a non-invasive method of characterizing localized magnetic fields inside superconductors. However, complete understanding of the magnetic field distribution has yet to be realized experimentally due to the complexity of the interaction between neutron polarization and magnetic field. In this article, we show that a well-defined and controlled magnetic field through the neutron path contributes to simplify the data analysis and makes future quantitative polarized neutron imaging possible. This is demonstrated in a set of experiments that visualize the magnetic field distribution inside and around the superconductors. The experimental results demonstrate that proper guide field setup allows the visualization of the magnetic field expulsion at the surface of the superconductor in the zero-field cooling condition, as well as the magnetic field trapped inside the superconductor under field cooling condition.