[Effect of Quercetin on Apoptosis of Platelets and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of quercetin on the apoptosis of platelets and to analyze the intrinsic mechanism. METHODS: Firstly, the effects of quecetin on the apoptosis of platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Secondly, Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the platelets treated with quercetin for 2 and 4 day. RESULTS: By flow cytometry, it was found that the apoptosis of platelets in the quercetin-treated group (2, 4 and 8 µmol/L) was inhibited, the apoptosis rate of platelets in 2, 4 and 8 µmol/L quercetin group was 3.12%±0.32%, 2.89%±0.15% and 2.31%±0.28%, respectively, which were signigicantly lover than that in control group (P＜0.01). With the increase of quecetin concentration, the proportion ratio of platelets significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner（r=-0.9985）. Similar results were observed on the 4th day. Western blot showed that the treatment with quercetin (2, 4 and 8 µmol/L) promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, resulting in a significant increase in the ratio of BCL-2/BAX (P＜0.01), thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of platelets. Similar results were observed on the 4th day. CONCLUSION: Quercetin can inhibit platelet apoptosis by increasing the ratio of apoptosis-related protein BCL-2/BAX in a concentration-dependent manner.

Lnc-SGK1 induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and highsalt diet promote Th2 and Th17 differentiation in human gastric cancer by SGK1/Jun B signaling.

Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) 1can be triggered in several malignancies. Most research on SGK1has focused on its role in cancer cells, and we sought to investigate its potential upstream non-coding RNA nominated as Lnc-SGK1, and their expression and diagnostic value in T cells in human gastric cancer (GC). Excessive expression of Lnc-SGK1 and SGK1 were observed in T cell either within the tumor or peripheral T cells, and furthermore associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and high-salt diet (HSD). Within T cells, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and high-salt dietcan up-regulated SGK1 expression and in turn enhance expression of Lnc-SGK1 through JunB activation. And expression of Lnc-SGK1 can further enhance transcription of SGK1 through cis regulatory mode. Lnc-SGK1 can induce Th2 and Th17 and reduce Th1 differentiation via SGK1/JunB signaling. Serum Lnc-SGK1 expression in combination with H. pylori infection and/or HSD in T cells was associated with poor prognosis of GC patients, and could be an ideal diagnostic index in human GC.

Function analysis of rs9589207 polymorphism in miR-92a in gastric cancer.

MiR-92a was identified as an essential oncogene by promoting the cell proliferation through FBXW7 in gastric cancer (GC). The function of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the mature region of miR-92a (rs9589207) has not been investigated. We found that rs9589207 in miR-92a was involved in the occurrence of GC by acting as a tumor protective factor and was highly associated with tumor size in GC patients instead of tumor number or metastasis in 554 GC patients and 531 cancer-free controls. Besides, the AA genotype in miR-92a could attenuate the promoting function of miR-92a in cell proliferation with an incapacitation in downregulating the expression of FBXW7. In conclusion, rs9589207 in miR-92a was highly associated with a decreased risk of GC in Chinese Han population and might serve as a novel biomarker for the disease.

Treatment of murine tumors using acoustic droplet vaporization-enhanced high intensity focused ultrasound.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can be applied focally and noninvasively to thermally ablate solid tumors. Long treatment times are typically required for large tumors, which can expose patients to certain risks while potentially decreasing the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) is a promising modality that can enhance the efficacy of tumor treatment using HIFU. In this study, the therapeutic effects of combined HIFU and ADV was evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneously-implanted 4T1 tumors. Histological examination showed that the combination of HIFU and ADV generated a mean necrotic area in the tumor that was 2.9-fold larger than with HIFU alone. A significant enhancement of necrosis was found in the periphery of the tumor, where the blood supply was abundant. Seven days after treatment, the tumors treated with combined HIFU and ADV were 30-fold smaller in volume than tumors treated with HIFU alone. The study demonstrates the potential advantage of combining HIFU and ADV in tumor treatment.