FSIP1 is correlated with estrogen receptor status and poor prognosis.

Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) is frequently activated in a variety of tumors including breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of FSIP1 in hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer is unclear. We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of FSIP1 in human breast cancer databases. A comprehensive analysis of 1094 gene expression profiles of breast cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that FSIP1 overexpression correlated with decreased overall survival in HR-positive breast cancer patients. We also showed that knockdown of FSIP1 in T47D and BT474 cell lines resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, we retrospectively examined the expression and prognostic value of FSIP1 in 129 breast cancer patients to examine the expression of FSIP1 by the immunohistochemical method and got the similar results that high expression of FSIP1 predicts poor prognosis. Therefore, FSIP1 has a crucial role in HR-positive breast cancer and represents an attractive therapeutic target for HR-positive breast cancer.

Emerging Roles of Heat-Induced circRNAs Related to Lactogenesis in Lactating Sows.

Heat stress negatively influences milk production and disrupts normal physiological activity of lactating sows, but the precious mechanisms by which hyperthermia adversely affects milk synthesis in sows still remain for further study. Circular RNAs are a novel class of non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in various physiological and pathological processes. The expression profiles and functions of circRNAs of sows in lactogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, long-term heat stress (HS) resulted in a greater concentration of serum HSP70, LDH, and IgG, as well as decreased levels of COR, SOD, and PRL. HS reduced the total solids, fat, and lactose of sow milk, and HS significantly depressed CSNαs1, CSNαs2, and CSNκ biosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing of lactating porcine mammary glands identified 42 upregulated and 25 downregulated transcripts in HS vs. control. Functional annotation of these differentially-expressed transcripts revealed four heat-induced genes involved in lactation. Moreover, 29 upregulated and 21 downregulated circRNA candidates were found in response to HS. Forty-two positively correlated circRNA-mRNA expression patterns were constructed between the four lactogenic genes and differentially expressed circRNAs. Five circRNA-miRNA-mRNA post-transcriptional networks were identified involving genes in the HS response of lactating sows. In this study we establish a valuable resource for circRNA biology in sow lactation. Analysis of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network further uncovered a novel layer of post-transcriptional regulation that could be used to improve sow milk production.

[Apoptotic characteristics of CD34 positive cells in myelodysplastic syndromes].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the apoptotic situation of CD(34) positive cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHOD: In 36 MDS patients, immunocytochemical technique was used for the detection of the expression of CD(34) antigen and DNA in situ end labelling (ISEL) (fluorescein) for the apoptotic signals. Fourteen cases of iron deficiency anemias (IDA) were used as controls. RESULTS: (1) CD(34) expression in MDS group was much higher than that in controls (49.2 +/- 38.5 vs 10.2 +/- 9.7, P < 0.01), and MDS cases had an obviously higher apoptotic rate than control did (69.1 +/- 28.2 vs 17.8 +/- 11.2, P < 0.01). (2) Expression of CD(34) was higher in transforming group (P < 0.05) than in non-transforming and post-transforming groups. Apoptotic rates in both non-transforming/transforming group were higher than in post-transforming group (P < 0.02 and < 0.05 respectively). (3) No apoptosis was found in CD(34) positive cells in MDS; (4) Both CD(34) positive cells and apoptotic cells formed into small or large clusters but did not co-distributed in a given area. CONCLUSION: There is overexpression of CD(34) antigen on hematopoietic cells in MDS. High CD(34) expression accompanied high apoptosis coexisted in the process of transformation from MDS to AML. Apoptosis-resistance of these CD(34) positive cells suggested that they came from malignant hematopoietic cell clones.

[Relationship between macrophages and apoptosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between macrophage proliferation and cell apoptosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: A double labelling method of immunohistochemistry (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase, APAAP) and ISEL (DNA in situ end labelling) was used to detect the positive CD68 expression (macrophages) and apoptosis on cold plastic embedded bone marrow biopsy sections in 30 MDS cases. 12 cases of iron deficient diseases (IDA) were used as the control. RESULTS: (1) The number of CD68 positive cells in MDS were higher than that in controls (29.2 +/- 33.0/mm(2) bone marrow tissue vs 21.2 +/- 16.7/mm(2)) (P > 0.05); (2) The number of apoptotic cells in MDS group was much higher than that in the controls (71.5 +/- 70.9/mm(2) vs 37.3 +/- 23.0/mm(2), P < 0.05); (3) The number of CD68 expression (35.5 +/- 37.0/mm(2)) and apoptosis (90.7 +/- 74.6/mm(2)) in less advanced MDS were much higher than that in advanced MDS group (14.6 +/- 11.7/mm(2) and 26.8 +/- 33.1/mm(2), P < 0.05 and < 0.01 respectively); (4) CD68 expression showed an obvious positive correlation to apoptosis in MDS cases (r = 0.83, P < 0.001); (5) CD68 positive cells did not show location correlation to apoptotic cells; (6) CD 68 positive cells in MDS showed simultaneous apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Over-apoptosis existed in MDS. Less advanced group has a higher ratio of apoptosis than in advanced group. The correlation between macrophages and apoptosis indicates the participation of TNFalpha in apoptosis-induction during MDS development.

[Study on apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes by DNA in situ end labelling combined with APAAP].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the total in situ apoptotic cell number and the apoptotic situation in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: Apoptosis cell number and the apoptotic situation of erythroid cell and megakaryocytes were analysed on cold embedded bone marrow sections from 25 MDS patients by DNA in situ end labelling (ISEL)/alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) double stained techniques. Fourteen cases of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were taken as control. RESULTS: Mean apoptotic cell numbers in MDS and control group were (39.44 +/- 29.34)/mm(2) and (13.43 +/- 8.39)/mm(2) respectively (P < 0.01). RA/RAS subtypes had a higher apoptosis ratio (47.56 +/- 32.86/mm(2)) than that in RAEB/RAEB-t subtypes (21.87 +/- 13.65/mm(2)) (P < 0.05). Double staining showed similar apoptosis percentage in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes in MDS patients comparing with that of controls (P > 0.05). Some apoptotic cells showing erythroid or megakaryocytic morphologic characteristics expressed no cluster differentiation antigen. CONCLUSION: Overapoptosis existed in MDS, RA/RAS group had a higher apoptosis ratio than RAEB/RAEB-t group. No obvious increased apoptosis in erythroid cell and megakaryocytes was observed in MDS perhaps due to the loss of surface antigens in later stages of apoptotic cells.

[Study about proliferation and apoptosis of megakaryocytes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes].

In order to observe the proliferative and apoptotic situation of megakaryocytes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). CD41 immunoenzyme labeling (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase APAAP)/DNA in situ end labelling (ISEL) double stained techniques was used onto plastic cold embedded bone marrow sections in 29 MDS patients to analyse the proliferative and apoptostic characterization of megakaryocytic line with 14 cases of iron deficient diseases (IDA) as control. The results showed that the mean CD41 positive cell number in MDS group was (26.23 +/- 8.18) /mm(2) with a count of (15.64 +/- 7.11) /mm(2) in control group (p < 0.05). The small-micro megakaryocytes in MDS is much higher than that in IDA group (P<0.01). There was a positive co-relation between total megakaryocytes and small-micro megakaryocytes count in MDS (r = 0.702, p<0.01). Some megakaryocytes distributed abnormally around trabecula and formed small or large clusters. Apoptotic megakaryocytes in MDS occupied 4.40% and 9.32% of all CD14 positive cells and all apoptotic cells respectively (p > 0.5 comparing with control). Apoptosis in megakargocytic line occurred only in small-micro megakaryocytes and showed positive co-relation to the number of micro-megakaryocytes. Some apoptotic cell with morphologic characters of megakaryocytes expressed no CD41. It is concluded that overproliferation of megakaryocytes exists in MDS. Apoptosis occurring in micro-megakaryocytes may be a kind of physiological response to abnormal megakaryopoicsis in MDS. No obvious increased apoptosis of megakaryocytes in MDS was found perhaps due to lack of surface antigens CD41 in some later stages of apoptotic cell.