The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. METHODS: 1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). RESULTS: (1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in "childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression". CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

A novel dilated contextual attention module for breast cancer mitosis cell detection.

Background and object: Mitotic count (MC) is a critical histological parameter for accurately assessing the degree of invasiveness in breast cancer, holding significant clinical value for cancer treatment and prognosis. However, accurately identifying mitotic cells poses a challenge due to their morphological and size diversity. Objective: We propose a novel end-to-end deep-learning method for identifying mitotic cells in breast cancer pathological images, with the aim of enhancing the performance of recognizing mitotic cells. Methods: We introduced the Dilated Cascading Network (DilCasNet) composed of detection and classification stages. To enhance the model's ability to capture distant feature dependencies in mitotic cells, we devised a novel Dilated Contextual Attention Module (DiCoA) that utilizes sparse global attention during the detection. For reclassifying mitotic cell areas localized in the detection stage, we integrate the EfficientNet-B7 and VGG16 pre-trained models (InPreMo) in the classification step. Results: Based on the canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) mitosis dataset, DilCasNet demonstrates superior overall performance compared to the benchmark model. The specific metrics of the model's performance are as follows: F1 score of 82.9%, Precision of 82.6%, and Recall of 83.2%. With the incorporation of the DiCoA attention module, the model exhibited an improvement of over 3.5% in the F1 during the detection stage. Conclusion: The DilCasNet achieved a favorable detection performance of mitotic cells in breast cancer and provides a solution for detecting mitotic cells in pathological images of other cancers.

Deformation mechanisms based on the multiscale molecular dynamics of a gradient TA1 titanium alloy.

The heterogeneous gradient TA1 titanium alloy holds great potential for a wide range of industrial applications. Considering the influence of the gradient structure on the plastic deformation behavior of the material, the TA1 gradient polycrystalline model under uniaxial compression is established. The deformation behavior of TA1 gradient polycrystals under uniaxial compression is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation shows that there is significant transmission during the plastic deformation of TA1 gradient polycrystals. The transmissibility of plastic deformation is specified by the alternating appearance of twinning and grain refinement. Besides, the uniaxial compression process is accompanied by active dislocation motions. Moreover, the movement of dislocations is a dynamic cyclic process. In the same uniaxial compression environment, the triggering of the plasticity mechanism in the gradient polycrystalline model is closely related to grain size. The smaller grain size crystals hardly produce plastic deformation. Grain boundary migration of medium grain size crystals dominates in plastic deformation. The proliferation of dislocations under compressive stress is the primary trigger mechanism in larger grain size crystals. In addition, the stress concentration phenomenon in regions with medium grain sizes is more significant than that in regions with larger and small grain sizes.

Volatile metabolomics reveals the characteristics of the unique flavor substances in oats.

Oats is a cereal well known for its high nutritional value and unique flavor. This study investigated the metabolomics data from oats, wheat, and barley using broadly targeted GC-MS metabonomic techniques. A total of 437 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified, of which 414 were shared metabolites, with three metabolites unique to oats. Three hundred and seven differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were screened from all the comparison groups, of which 27 metabolites were shared by oats and barley, and 121 shared by oats and wheat. Terpenoids and esters were the key metabolites determining the differences in flavor. A KEGG analysis indicated that the alpha-linolenic acid and phenylalanine pathways were the most significant metabolic pathways. The 42 DAMs found may be the main substances leading to the flavor differences between the different varieties. Overall, this study reveals the main reasons for the unique flavor of oats through metabolomic evidence.

Association of internet gaming disorder with impulsivity: role of risk preferences.

BACKGROUND: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a formal mental disorder leading to personal and social impairment. Although it shares similar physical and psychosocial effects to substance use disorder, the psychological mechanisms underlying IGD remain unclear, although several researches have made significant contributions to its understanding. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between IGD, impulsive personality and risk preference of medical college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. METHODS: Based on the cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among medical college students in Northern Anhui, China from September 3 to October 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGD-20), Chinese revised of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and risk appetite index (RPI). Perform independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and moderating effect analysis using SPSS 23.0. P < 0. 05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 624 participants completed the survey, including 257 males (41.19%) and 367 females (58.81%). All participants were between 18 and 24 years. We found that in IGD and its six different dimensions and RPI, males scored significantly higher than females. Additionally, our finding revealed there is statistical significance in IGD and impulsiveness between gaming group with game time greater than or equal to 4 h and non-gaming group. The IGD and its six different dimensions, among which all except for mood modification are positively correlated with impulsiveness and RPI. Mediating effects indicate that RPI plays a partial mediating role between motor impulsiveness and IGD. CONCLUSION: The findings shows that there is a certain relationship between impulsivity and RPI, as well as IGD and its dimensions. RPI may be a mediator between impulsivity and IGD, and men have higher IGD. The findings supported the compensatory hypothesis. These findings may contribute to further research and development of intervention and prevention measures for IGD.

[Source Analysis and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Typical Geological High Background Area in Southeastern Chongqing].

In order to understand the pollution characteristics of soil heavy metals in typical geological high background areas in southeastern Chongqing, analyze its pollution sources, and put forward risk management and control suggestions, 211 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in Xinglong Town and Muye Township in the north of Youyang County, Chongqing City, and the contents of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and the soil pH value in the surface soil were analyzed. Additionally, mathematical statistics, pollution load index (P), potential ecological risk index (RI), correlation analysis, and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to study the content and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the topsoil, and pollution assessment and source analysis of heavy metals were carried out. The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the surface soil all exceeded the soil background value in Chongqing, showing different levels of enrichment. Among them, the proportion of Cd exceeding the screening value in the "soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land" (GB 15618-2018) was as high as 83.41%, the proportion of exceeding the control value was 7.58%, and the potential risk was relatively high. The evaluation results of the pollution load index method showed that the study area was slightly polluted as a whole, and the evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index showed that the overall ecological risk of the study area was relatively high. Among them, the contribution rates of heavy metals Hg, Cd, and As were 50.27%, 28.63%, and 11.70%, respectively. The PMF results showed that there were three main sources of heavy metals in the soil in the study area:natural parent material sources, agricultural sources, and mixed sources of industrial activities and traffic emissions, accounting for 40.49%, 29.12%, and 30.39%, respectively. The quantitative source analysis results of soil heavy metals in the study area have important reference significance for soil heavy metal pollution control in geologically high background areas.

Analyzing Forged Quality of Thin-Walled A-286 Superalloy Tube under Multi-Stage Cold Forging Processes.

Cold forging is suitable for manufacturing thin-walled tubes; however, a poorly planned forging process results in serious quality problems. This paper aims to determine an appropriate cold forging process for thin-walled A286 superalloy tube with ideal forming quality. We analyzed the effects of the two forging processes with reverse forging sequences on forming defects and hardness distribution in the thin-walled tubes via finite element simulation. The methods of optical microscope, micro-hardness, scanning electron microscope, and electron-backscattered diffraction were used to validate the tube forming quality. The simulation results revealed that the Type-I process was an appropriate forging process for meeting the quality requirements. For the Type-I process, an underfilling defect was observed at the bottom of the rod section of the tube. The stress concentration in the head section was lower than that in the Type-II process, potentially reducing the probability of crack initiation. Compared to the rod section, the head section may exhibit higher hardness magnitudes due to the greater strain distribution. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the Type-I process. The increased hardness in the head section may be primarily attributed to the more intense plastic deformation applied to the material in this section by the Type-I process.

[Availability of Se-rich Arable Land in High Geological Background Area and Suggestions for Zoning].

In order to promote the results of land quality geochemical surveys to serve the development of characteristic land resources and realize the safe utilization of Se-rich resources in high geological background areas, Wuli Town, Qianjiang District, Chongqing City were taken as the research object to evaluate the Se-rich level and heavy metal content of soil crops and carry out research on Se-rich cultivated area division and the availability method system in the high geological background area, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of Se-rich resources and provide ideas for the safe utilization of Se-rich resources in high geological background areas. The results showed that the soil and crops in the study area were rich in Se and had the potential to develop Se-rich resources, but some samples had the problem of excessive Cd. Soil pH was a key factor affecting the content of Se and Cd in crops, and alkaline conditions were conducive to the safe utilization of Se-rich resources. The areas of Class A-E (A:selenium-enriched arable land, B:crops that were not selenium-enriched but were safe, C:crops that were selenium-enriched but unsafe, D:crops that were not selenium-enriched and unsafe, and E:soil selenium content less than the selenium-enriched threshold and soil heavy metals not exceeding the standard)cultivated land were 0.72, 0.75, 0.28, 0.13, and 0.56 km2, respectively. It is recommended to develop safe and Se-rich resources in the distribution area of Class A cultivated land and to carry out soil acidification conditioning and low-accumulation crops in the distribution area of Class C and D cultivated land; other agronomic measures should be taken to reduce the risk of excessive heavy metals in crops and strengthen the protection of cultivated land in the region to prevent the input of new pollutants.

[Zoning and Safe Utilization Method of Heavy Metal Contaminated Cultivated Land at Block Scale].

The safe use of arable land is one of the important measures to ensure food security and to realize the construction of ecological civilization. In order to solve the problem of blindly selecting technical measures in the process of safe use and restoration of pollution-risk cultivated land, 244 surface soil samples and 100 sets of rice-root soil samples were collected in Echi Town, Qianjiang District, Chongqing. Based on the contents of five heavy metals of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, and Cr, as well as soil oxides, organic matter, and pH and other indicators, a prediction model was established using multiple regression and geostatistical analyses, and the plots were assigned values, combined with the soil and soil in the plots. The total amount of heavy metals in the rice, the available content of heavy metals in the soil, and the pH of the soil guided suggestions for the safe use of cultivated land at the corresponding plot scale. The results showed that the soil in the study area was mainly and strongly acidic. The percentages of Cd exceeding the soil pollution risk screening value and control value were 33.61% and 2.05%, respectively. The effective content of Cd accounted for 60%, and the Cd exceeding rate of rice was 28%. There was an obvious ecological risk of Cd in the study area. The available Cd content of the soil was mainly affected by the total amount of soil Cd and pH. The enrichment of Cd in rice was mainly affected by the content of soil organic matter, Mn, and CaO. The zoning results showed that the priority protection category of the soil in the study area accounted for 59.30%; the safe use category accounted for 40.44%, of which safe use (IAa), safe use (IAb), safe use (IBa), safe use (IIAa), safe use (IIAb), and safe use (IIBa) accounted for 19.49%, 8.01%, 1.43%, 7.04%, 1.41%, and 3.06%, respectively; and strict control accounted for 0.26%. This method combined the safety risks of soil and agricultural products and aided formation of specific recommendations for safe use, which provided a method of reference for the safe use of contaminated farmland in accordance with local conditions.

The efficacy of aprepitant in salvage treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of aprepitant and its effect on the quality of life when added to standard antiemetic therapy as salvage therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is an open-label, noncomparative prospective phase II clinical trial. A total of 224 patients receiving initial moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) were enrolled. Patients received standard antiemetic treatment (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) antagonists + dexamethasone) in the first cycle. Patients failing to achieve a complete response (CR) during cycle 1 entered cycle 2 with the addition of aprepitant as salvage treatment. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients eligible for cycle 1, 159 (71.0%, 95% CI 65.0-77.0) had a CR, and 65 patients with a noncomplete response (NCR) proceeded to cycle 2 to receive aprepitant-based salvage therapy. Then, 49 (75.4%, 95% CI 64.6-84.1) of these patients achieved a CR. The Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire showed that NCR patients in cycle 1 had an improved quality of life after receiving aprepitant-based salvage therapy in cycle 2 (cycle 1 and 2: 80.3 vs 114.0, P < 0.001). Failing to achieve a CR had a significant impact on the quality of life in both cycle 1 (FLIE score of NCR and CR patients: 80.3 vs 119.7, P < 0.001) and cycle 2 (FLIE score of NCR and CR patients: 88.3 vs 122.4, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The addition of aprepitant as salvage therapy for patients with gastrointestinal cancer is effective and has a positive effect on quality of life.

Comparison of low and high inspiratory oxygen fraction added to lung-protective ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative lung-protective ventilation strategy has been recommended to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). However, the role of inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) in this protection remains highly uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative low (30%) versus high (80%) FiO2 in the context of lung-protective ventilation strategy on PPCs in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, two-arm, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital in China. PATIENTS: A total of ASA I-III 252 patients aged ≥18, who were scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were included in the study. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 30% or 80% FiO2 during the intraoperative period. All patients received volume-controlled mechanical ventilation with lung-protective ventilation approach, which included a tidal volume of 8 ml kg-1 of predicted body weight, a positive end-expiratory pressure level of 6-8 cmH2O, and repeated recruitment maneuvers. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications within the first 7 postoperative days, consisting of respiratory infection, respiratory failure, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and aspiration pneumonitis. The severity grade of PPCs was measured as a key secondary outcome. MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-one patients completed the trial. PPCs occurred in 43 of 125 (34.4%) patients assigned to receive 30% FiO2 compared with 59 of 126 (46.8%) patients receiving 80% FiO2 (relative risk 0.74, 97.5% confidence interval, 0.51-1.02, p = 0.045, > 0.025). The severity of PPCs within the first 7 days following surgery was attenuated significantly in the low (30%) FiO2 group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, an intraoperative lung-protective ventilation strategy with 30% FiO2 compared with 80% FiO2 did not reduce the incidence of PPCs. And the use of 30% FiO2 resulted in less severe pulmonary complications.

Relaxed Stability Criteria for Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delay Using Extended Secondary Delay Partitioning and Equivalent Reciprocal Convex Combination Techniques.

This article investigates global asymptotic stability for neural networks (NNs) with time-varying delay, which is differentiable and uniformly bounded, and the delay derivative exists and is upper-bounded. First, we propose the extended secondary delay partitioning technique to construct the novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, where both single-integral and double-integral state variables are considered, while the single-integral ones are only solved by the traditional secondary delay partitioning. Second, a novel free-weight matrix equality (FWME) is presented to resolve the reciprocal convex combination problem equivalently and directly without Schur complement, which eliminates the need of positive definite matrices, and is less conservative and restrictive compared with various improved reciprocal convex inequalities. Furthermore, by the present extended secondary delay partitioning, equivalent reciprocal convex combination technique, and Bessel-Legendre inequality, two different relaxed sufficient conditions ensuring global asymptotic stability for NNs are obtained, for time-varying delays, respectively, with unknown and known lower bounds of the delay derivative. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the superiority and effectiveness of the presented method.

PROtective Ventilation with a low versus high Inspiratory Oxygen fraction (PROVIO) and its effects on postoperative pulmonary complications: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most common perioperative complications following surgical site infection (SSI). They prolong the hospital stay and increase health care costs. A lung-protective ventilation strategy is considered better practice in abdominal surgery to prevent PPCs. However, the role of the inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) in the strategy remains disputed. Previous trials have focused on reducing SSI by increasing the inhaled oxygen concentration but higher FiO2 (80%) was found to be associated with a greater incidence of atelectasis and mortality in recent research. The trial aims at evaluating the effect of different FiO2 added to the lung-protective ventilation strategy on the incidence of PPCs during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. METHODS AND DESIGN: PROtective Ventilation with a low versus high Inspiratory Oxygen fraction trial (PROVIO) is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial planning to recruit 252 patients undergoing abdominal surgery lasting for at least 2 h. The patients will be randomly assigned to (1) a low-FiO2 (30% FiO2) group and (2) a high-FiO2 (80% FiO2) group in the lung-protective ventilation strategy. The primary outcome of the study is the occurrence of PPCs within the postoperative 7 days. Secondary outcomes include the severity grade of PPCs, the occurrence of postoperative extrapulmonary complications and all-cause mortality within the postoperative 7 and 30 days. DISCUSSION: The PROVIO trial assesses the effect of low versus high FiO2 added to a lung-protective ventilation strategy on PPCs for abdominal surgery patients and the results should provide practical approaches to intraoperative oxygen management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ChiCTR.org.cn , identifier: ChiCTR18 00014901 . Registered on 13 February 2018.

miR-26b modulates OA induced BMSC osteogenesis through regulating GSK3ß/ß-catenin pathway.

BACKGROUNDS: Osteoactivin (OA) is a key regulator promoting bone marrow stromal cells osteogenesis progress, while Dexamethasone (Dex) could inhibit OA induced osteogenesis and lead to osteoporosis. miR-26b increased during BMSC osteogenesis but whether it participates in this progress is enigma. Osteogenesis is under regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway which could serve as potential target for miR-26b. It bears therapeutic potential if miR-26b could regulate osteogenesis and antagonize Dex induced Osteoporosis (OP). METHODS: BMSC were isolated from bone marrow of rats and induced for osteogenesis by OA administration. We detected miR-26b mRNA level together with osteogenesis related genes or Wnt signal pathway related genes by qRT-PCR. BMSC cells with miR-26b inhibitor or mimics revealed the effect of miR-26b on osteogenesis. The osteogenesis efficiency was detected by Alizarin Red staining and ALP activity. Protein level of canonical Wnt signal pathway and other proteins were detected by Western blot. The interaction between miR-26b and GSK3ß was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: We found that miR-26b was increased during OA induced BMSC osteogenesis. Inhibiting miR-26b could lead to osteogenesis inhibition while miR-26b mimics could promote this progress. The key regulator of Wnt signal pathway GSK3ß is down-regulated when miR-26b was overexpressed, resulting in ß-catenin activation. Since Dex could promote GSK3ß expression and inhibit Wnt signal, miR-26b could also alleviate Dex induced osteogenesis inhibition. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that miR-26b promoted BMSC osteogenesis by directly targeting GSK3ß and activating canonical Wnt signal pathway, suggesting miR-26b might be serve as potential therapeutic candidate of osteoporosis.

The effect of NaOH on lowering interfacial tension of oil/alkylbenzene sulfonates solution.

Six sodium para-dimethyl alkylbenzene sulfonates (PDABS, abbr. p-S12-5, p-S14-5, p-S16-5, p-S18-5, p-S16-6 and p-S16-8, respectively) have been synthesized. The structures and the purities of the products have also been confirmed by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. Crude oil and its equivalent alkanes were chosen as oil phases. The effect of the NaOH concentration on the interfacial tension (IFT) of PDABS was investigated by using a spinning drop tensiometer. The results showed that, in a certain range of NaOH concentrations, p-S14-5, p-S16-5 and p-S18-5 produced ultra-low IFT (∼10-3 mN m-1). NaOH was roughly similar to NaCl in aqueous solutions in terms of its effect on interfacial concentration and arrangement of PDABS at the interface. With the increase in the concentration of NaOH, the electric double layer of hydrophilic groups in PDABS was compressed to become smaller and the electrostatic interactions between hydrophilic groups weakened, which resulted in an increase in interfacial concentration of PDABS. Continuing to increase the concentration of NaOH, the electrical double layer was further compressed; water molecules could incorporate into the interface through loose hydrophilic groups. Therefore, these two aspects of variations caused IFT to display the trend of decreasing and then increasing with increase of NaOH concentration. However, at higher NaOH concentrations, PDABS molecules were driven into the oil phase by the salting out effect, and this process resulted in a decrease of IFT for water-soluble p-S12-5 and p-S14-5. For oil soluble p-S18-5, this process had little effect on the effective distribution in the oil phase. The effective distribution of PDABS in the oil phase played an important role in stabilizing the interface and reducing IFT. There was no clear evidence that NaOH reduced the IFT between oil and water by showing a synergistic effect between PDABS and active species formed in situ with acidic components in the crude oil.

A consensus-based multi-agent approach for estimation in robust fault detection.

This paper is devoted to distributed estimation in robust fault detection for sensor networks with networked-induced delays and packet dropouts by using a consensus-based multi-agent approach. Utilizing the information interaction and coordination among the neighboring networks based on multi-agent theory, we design novel and multiple agent-based robust fault detection filters (RFDFs) subject to only partial estimated and measured information. Asymptotically stable sufficient conditions for the innovative constructed filters are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) and the threshold fit for each agent-based RFDF is determined. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the consensus-based multi-agent approach for the estimation in robust fault detection.