Comprehensive landscape of the miRNA-regulated prognostic marker LAYN with immune infiltration and stemness in pan-cancer.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has created a significant risk to worldwide public health. According to recent research, C-type lectins may be SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Layilin (LAYN), a broadly expressed integral membrane hyaluronan receptor with a C-type lectin structural domain, is a gene related to cell senescence. There are a few studies on C-type lectins in pan-cancer, and no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted for LAYN. METHODS: The genotype tissue expression (GTEx) portal and the cancer genome map (TCGA) database were used to collect samples from healthy and cancer patients. Bioinformatics methods are used to construct immune landscape, mutation landscape, and stemness landscape of LAYN. The single-cell sequencing data were used from the CancerSEA website to analyze the functions of LAYN. The prognosis potential of LAYN was discussed based on machine learning. RESULTS: LAYN is differentially expressed among cancers. Survival analysis indicated that LAYN was related to a poor overall survival (OS) rate in cancers, like HNSC, MESO, and OV. Mutational landscapes of LAYN in SKCM and STAD were constructed. LAYN was negatively related to Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) in THCA, PRAD, and UCEC, and with the Microsatellite Instability (MSI) in STAD, LUAD, and UCEC. The immune landscape in pan-cancer suggested that LAYN may be involved in tumor immune escape. LAYN plays a crucial role in the infiltration of immune cells in malignant tumors. LAYN participates in methylation modifications and affects tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating stemness. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data suggests that LAYN may participate in several biological processes, like stemness, apoptosis, and DNA repair. LAYN transcript was predicted as a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-related RNA. The results of KIRC were verified in the GEO and ArrayExpress databases. Furthermore, prognostic models based on machine learning of LAYN-related genes were established. Hsa-miR-153-5p and hsa-miR-505-3p may be the upstream miRNAs of LAYN and have a high value for tumor prognosis. CONCLUSION: This study elucidated the functional mechanisms of LAYN from a pan-cancer perspective and provided novel insights into cancer prognosis, metastasis, and immunotherapy. LAYN has the potential to become a new target of mRNA vaccines and molecular therapies in tumors.

Study on the damage of primary branches of the Glisson system in the hepatic portal by argon plasma coagulation with different spraying time / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of different spray-coagulation time of argon plasma coagulation (APC) injury on the Glisson system primary branche(G1) in the hepatic portal of pigs.Methods:Fifty clean healthy domestic pigs (27 females and 23 males, aged 7 to 14 months) were selected, with the body weighted (100.0±9.5) kg. They were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E), with 10 pigs in each group. G1 models were made and sprayed by APC for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 seconds. The damage, maximum damage area, maximum damage depth, and damage of the three branches of the Glisson system (the first branches of the portal vein, intrahepatic bile duct, and hepatic artery) were compared among the groups. The pigs were divided into two groups based on whether the three branches were damaged or not: the three-branch damage group ( n=23) and the control group ( n=27). The maximum damage area and maximum damage depth were compared between the two groups. Results:After the APC spraying, circular or elliptical damage appeared on the surface of the G1, with changes such as yellow-brown color, brown color, charred appearance, and defects. Under the microscope, G1 capsule was found to be deficient, the fibrous tissue beneath the capsule was ruptured, and the structures of small blood vessels and small bile ducts were incomplete. " Burn marks" and damage to the three branches of the Glisson system in G1 were also observed, and the damage was more severe at the center of the spray-coagulation. As the spray-coagulation time increased, the maximum damage area of the G1 model also increased, and the two were positively correlated ( r=0.90, P<0.001). The maximum damage depth was also positively correlated with spray-coagulation time ( r=0.97, P<0.001). The numbers of pigs with damage to the three branches of the Glisson system in Groups A-E were 0, 2, 5, 6, and 10, respectively, and the number of pigs with damage increased with the spray-coagulation time. In the three-branch damage group, the spray-coagulation time, maximum damage area, and maximum damage depth were all higher than those in the control group (without three-branch damage), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The degree of damage to G1 caused by APC is positively correlated with the spray-coagulation time, and damage to the three branches of the Glisson system in G1 is related to the maximum damage area, maximum damage depth, and APC spray-coagulation time.

Liver transplantation for adult hepatolenticular degeneration / 中华消化外科杂志

A 24-year-old male patient was admitted to the Organ Transplant Department of the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force on March 13, 2000, due to repeated abdominal distension accompanied by edema of both lower limbs for more than 7 months and aggravated for 1 month. Clinical diagnosis: hepatolenticular degeneration, metabolic encephalopathy, decompensated stage of cirrhosis. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed under general anesthesia on March 24, 2000. The postoperative recovery is smooth, and the patient has survived for more than 23 years, with normal life and work.

Clinical efficacy of liver transplantation for Wilson's disease / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of liver transplantation for Wilson's disease(WD).Methods:From January 1999 to November 2021, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 16 recipients with WD undergoing liver transplantation.There were 9 males and 7 females with an age range of 29.5(14~54)years.They were followed up by telephone, outpatient services and hospitalization.The starting point of follow-up was operation date.And recipient death was an endpoint.Postoperative survival, improvement of neuropsychiatric symptom, changes of corneal K-F ring, altered levels of liver function and serum copper-protein at Month 1 post-operation were observed.The follow-up deadline was November 24, 2021.Results:15 recipients underwent classical orthotopic liver transplantation and the other one recipient underwent living-related liver transplantation.No perioperative deaths occurred.All 16 recipients were followed up for 122(6~260)months.The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 93.8%、85.2%and 75.8%, respectively.Among 10 recipients with corneal K-F ring positive with varying degrees after operation and was disappeared in 2 recipients at 7 and 11 months.Among 5 recipients with neuropsychiatric manifestation, 4 recipients showed ameliorative neuropsychic symptoms with varying degrees after operation and 1 recipient died.All the levels of liver function and serum copper-protien of all recipients recovered obviously in 1 month and the 1-, 5-, and 10-year post-operation.Conclusions:Classical orthotopic liver transplantation and living-related liver transplantation not only effectively improves copper metabolism of patient with WD and relieves their severe neurological manifestation, but also improves their life and prolongs survival, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Predictive value of preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in elderly patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To determine the predictive value of preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR) for prognosis in elderly patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU).Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 168 elderly patients who underwent RNU in Beijing Hospital between March 2004 to February 2019.Males accounted for 44.6% (75 patients) and females 55.4%(93 patients) of the patients. Median age at the time of surgery was 73(69-78) years, and 110 (65.5%) patients suffered from hydronephrosis. There were 147 cases(87.5%)with single tumor, and 21 cases(12.5%)with multiple tumors, including 75(46.6%) cases in renal pelvis or pelvi-ureteric junction, and 93(53.4%)cases in ureter. Open RNU was performed in 106(63.1%) patients, and laparoscopic method in 62(32.9%) patients. The optimal cutoff value of MLR was set as 0.22 by using the median.χ 2 test, which was used to detect the association between MLR(≤0.22 vs.>0.22) and clinicopathological variables. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test. Additional subgroup analyses(low grade vs. high grade) were performed according to pathological grade. Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to determine the significance of MLR in respect to OS and PFS. Results:The follow-up period ranged from 19.2 to 86.9 months (median 51.9 months). Next, the cohort was divided into 2 groups , including 77 patients with low MLR(≤0.22) and 91 patients with high MLR(>0.22). High MLR was significantly more frequent in male patients(31.2% vs.56.0%), as well as those undergoing laparoscopic surgery (54.5% vs.70.3%)(All P<0.05). Based on a Cox univariate proportional hazards analysis, male gender( HR=1.793, 95% CI 1.003-3.205, P=0.049), presence of lymph node metastasis( HR=6.809, 95% CI 2.124-17.454, P=0.001) and high MLR( HR=2.287, 95% CI 1.259-4.154, P=0.007)were associated with poor OS. Male gender( HR=1.758, 95% CI 1.066-2.902, P=0.027), presence of lymph node metastasis( HR=6.524, 95% CI 2.542-16.748, P<0.001), lymphovascular invasion(LVI) ( HR=2.348, 95% CI 1.139-4.838, P=0.021), high MLR( HR=2.801, 95% CI 1.657-4.735, P<0.001)and PLR( HR=1.663, 95% CI 1.003-2.757, P=0.049) were significantly associated with subsequent PFS. By multivariate analysis, tumor site( HR=2.050, 95% CI 1.079-3.892, P=0.028), lymph node metastasis ( HR=6.641, 95% CI 1.852-23.811, P=0.004) and MLR( HR=2.089, 95% CI 1.062-4.113, P=0.033) were the independent risk factors for OS in elderly patients with UTUC. Tumor side( HR=2.024, 95% CI 1.033-3.965, P=0.040), multifocality ( HR=2.992, 95% CI 1.161-7.713, P=0.023), lymph node metastasis ( HR=6.454, 95% CI 2.026-20.564, P=0.002) and MLR( HR=2.866, 95% CI 1.554-5.284, P=0.001) were associated with PFS.The multivariate analysis of the significant risk factors established a postoperative risk stratification model for OS and PFS. The results showed significant differences among the 3 subgroups of patients with low(0 risk factor), intermediate(1 risk factor), or high risk(2-3 risk factors)(All P<0.05). Conclusion:MLR was an independent risk factor for OS and PFS in elderly patients with UTUC and patients with elevated MLR have worsen prognosis.

Research status and progress on surgical treatment of postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma / 器官移植

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. At present, hepatectomy is one of the most frequent therapeutic options, whereas the high postoperative recurrence rate severely affects the long-term survival of HCC patients. Therefore, it is urgent to choose appropriate therapeutic regime to treat the recurrence of HCC to improve the long-term survival of HCC patients. Surgical treatment is an efficacious treatment for recurrent HCC, including re-hepatectomy, salvage liver transplantation and radiofrequency ablation. Currently, individualized treatment is recommended for postoperative recurrence of HCC. The selection of treatment should be conducted based on the tumor conditions after the first hepatectomy, the characteristics of recurrent tumors, baseline data of patients and recurrence time, etc., aiming to formulate appropriate treatment regimes for patients. In this article, these surgical regimes were reviewed and compared to explore appropriate surgical schemes for postoperative recurrence of HCC, aiming to provide reference for prolonging the survival of HCC patients.

Expression of ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, TNFR-Ⅱ in psoriasis vulgaris / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the possible role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅰ (TNFR-Ⅰ), tumor necrosis factor-α receptor Ⅱ (TNFR-Ⅱ) in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:15 cases of normal skin and 20 cases of psoriasis vulgaris in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's hospital were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to detect the expression of ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, TNFR-Ⅱ protein in the two groups. Statistical analysis was then performed to compare the difference in expression between the two groups.Results:⑴ In normal skin , ERAP1 is mainly expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis. In the psoriatic vulgaris lesions, ERAP1 was diffusely positive. The expression of ERAP1 in the psoriatic lesions was stronger than that of normal tissues, with stastically significant difference ( Z=-4.170, P<0.05). ⑵ TNFR-Ⅰ is diffusedly expressed in the normal skin tissues. However, in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions, the expression of TNFR-Ⅰ in the spinous layer was stronger than that of the basal layer (χ 2=17.740, P<0.05). ⑶ In the normal skin, TNFR-Ⅱ was not expressed; in the psoriatic lesions, TNFR-Ⅱ was diffusely expressed in the basal cell layer and acanthosis of the epidermis in varying degrees, and the difference between normal and psoriatic skin was statistically significant (χ 2=17.500, P<0.001). ⑷ The expression of ERAP1 in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris was negatively correlated with TNFR-Ⅰ ( rs=-0.662, P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between ERAP1 and TNFR-Ⅱ ( rs=0.343, P=0.139). Conclusions:ERAP1, TNFR-Ⅰ, and TNFR-Ⅱ may play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. They may interact with each other to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocyte in order to maintain the abnormal proliferation and benign proliferation of psoriasis vulgaris epidermis.

Clinical features and reflectance confocal microscopy characteristics of vulvar lichen sclerosus / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) characteristics of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods:RCM examination was carried out in 34 patients who were preliminarily diagnosed as VLS in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2018 to June 2019, the results of the various indicators were recorded, and then a histopathological examination was performed at the same site.The RCM image characteristics were analyzed against histopathological manifestations, after that the results were compared and calculated the consistency rate of these image features.Results:The RCM image features of 28 patients with VLS were as follows: the thickness of spinous layer of lesion was thinner than that of surrounding normal skin (epidermis atrophy) in 21 cases (75%); hyper reflectance in basal layer was decreased in 21 cases (75%); In 16 (57.14%)cases, the basal cell ring was absent at the junction of the epidermis, the boundary was blurred, and the infiltration of mononuclear cells and scattered round like large cells in the superficial dermis (liquefaction and degeneration of basal cells); 28 cases (100%) had increased refractive index of superficial dermis (collagen homogenization). The coincidence rates with histopathological examination were 89.29%, 92.86%, 85.71% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the increase of refractive index in the superficial dermis were the highest, reaching 96.53% and 62.35%. The highest specificity was 92.82% in the presence of epidermal atrophy and the increase of refractive index of superficial dermis.Conclusions:The RCM images of VLS were highly consistent with the histopathological examination.It also has high sensitivity and specificity.Combined with clinical manifestations, it can provide effective help for the diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the judgment of therapeutic efficacy.

Effects of maximal androgen blockade therapy on serum calcium, phosphorus and other metabolic indices in elderly patients with prostate cancer / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of maximal androgen blockade(MAB)therapy on serum calcium, phosphorus and other metabolic indices in elderly patients with prostate cancer.Methods:Clinicopathological data of prostate cancer patients treated with MAB in our department from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent prostate biopsy for definitive diagnosis.Detailed data on patient's age, body mass index(BMI), previous medical history, treatment plan and peripheral blood indicators before and after endocrine treatment, such as blood calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, were collected.Results:Patients had a mean age of(75.5±5.8)years and a mean BMI of(24.6±3.2)kg/m 2.Blood calcium levels exhibited a downward trend after MAB treatment compared pre-treatment[(2.12±0.44)mmol/L vs.(2.17±0.31)mmol/L, t=0.82, P=0.42], but had no significant difference.Serum phosphorus concentrations were higher and the calcium-phosphorus ratio was lower after MAB treatment than before treatment[(1.02±0.26)mmol/L vs.(1.17±0.34)mmol/L, 2.10±0.28 vs.1.88±0.60, t=-4.12 and 3.56, P<0.01]. After MAB treatment, blood fasting glucose[(6.50±1.55)mmol/L vs.(5.34±1.04)mmol/L, t=-7.82, P<0.01], triglycerides[(1.66±1.32)mmol/L vs.(1.22±0.59)mmol/L, t=-3.38, P<0.01]and cholesterol[(4.70±1.08)mmol/L vs.(4.16±0.90)mmol/L, t=-4.72, P<0.01]were elevated, while hemoglobin concentrations[(122.11±20.43)g/L vs.(130.78±23.98)g/L, t=3.98, P<0.01]were decreased compared with pre-treatment levels. Conclusions:MAB therapy can cause varying degrees of metabolic abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, hemoglobin concentrations, blood glucose and lipid levels in elderly prostate cancer patients.The above indicators should be closely monitored during treatment, and treatment-related complications should be proactively prevented.