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Objective:To investigate the value of mind map combined with blended teaching in improving the teaching quality of medicinal botany. Methods:A total of 102 students studying the course of medicinal botany were enrolled as subjects. The 51 students in the class of 2020 were enrolled as control group and received conventional teaching, and the 51 students in the class of 2021 were enrolled as observation group and received mind map combined with blended teaching. The two groups were assessed in terms of examination scores, critical thinking ability scores, self-learning ability scores, and student feedback on teaching quality. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher examination scores ( t=3.01 and 3.14, P=0.003 and 0.002). After practice, both groups had increases in the scores of critical thinking ability and self-learning ability, and the observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group ( t=11.22 and 2.69, P<0.001 and P=0.008). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a better student feedback on teaching quality than the control group ( t=6.79, 7.83, 7.26, 7.43, and 8.54, P=0.009, 0.005, 0.007, 0.006, and 0.003). Conclusion:The combination of mind map and blended teaching can improve the examination scores of students and their critical thinking ability and self-learning ability, and students believe that this teaching model can help to improve teaching quality.
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Objective:To analyze the electrophysiological characteristics of subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord in 10 patients with nitrous oxide poisoning.Methods:Ten patients with nitrous oxide poisoning (case group) and 20 controls (control group)treated in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University from January 2016 to January 2020 were included in this study. MRI and electrophysiological examinations were performed on the head, cervical spine and thoracic spine, including distal motor latency (DML), motor nerve amplitude (CMAP), motor conduction velocity (MNCV), sensory conduction velocity (SNCV), sensory nerve amplitude (SNAP), N20 latency of upper limb cortical somatosensory evoked potential and P40 latency of lower limb cortical somatosensory evoked potential. The above indexes were compared between the two groups.Results:In the case group, DML of motor nerve was prolonged, MNCV was slowed down, CMAP was decreased, SNCV was slowed down and SNAP was decreased compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incubation periods of N20 and P40 in the case group were longer than those in the control group: (32.70 ± 3.34) ms vs. (18.85 ± 1.37) ms, (57.00 ± 4.08) ms vs. (38.40 ± 1.54) ms, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 16.20, 18.20, P<0.01). The inverted "V" type T 2 long signal of cervical spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord could be seen on MRI of cervical or cervical and thoracic vertebrae in 5 patients. Conclusions:Nitrous oxide poisoning can cause obvious subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord, involving peripheral nerve and spinal cord damage. Peripheral nerve damage can involve motor fibers and sensory fibers, mainly axonal damage, accompanied by demyelination damage, especially in both lower limbs.
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Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase which plays an important role in regulating energy metabolism. After cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, AMPK is activated. The activation of AMPK could decrease neurological impairment after cerebral ischemia and plays a neuroprotective role by mechanisms such as inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, activating autophagy, alleviating apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis. This article reviews the molecular biological characteristics of AMPK and its role and mechanism in cerebral ischemia, aiming to promote an in-depth study of AMPK and make it a novel target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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CONCLUSIONS: The GlideScope® Video Laryngoscope (GVL) provides a successful method for obtaining adequate visualization of the larynx in patients with difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE). Although the GVL is far from an ideal laryngoscope for laryngeal surgery because of its low image quality and narrow curved operation space, valuable concepts regarding its development can be used for designing a new laryngoscope specifically for otolaryngology. OBJECTIVE: DLE is a problem characterized by poor visualization of the larynx due to a combination of anatomic and clinical conditions. With respect to DLE, no consensus has been reached as to which alternative method should be used when direct laryngoscopy fails. This study focused on the management of DLE cases using the GVL to achieve adequate laryngeal exposure for phonosurgery. METHODS: We used the GVL in conjunction with a set of specially designed endolaryngeal instruments in six cases for which traditional rigid laryngoscopy could not provide visualization of the larynx. RESULTS: Using the GVL, full visualization of the larynx was obtained in all patients with minimal need for excessive internal or external pressure. Manipulations to remove simple lesions or perform a biopsy were carried out successfully. All of the surgeries were completed with excellent visualization and without any major complications.
