Copper homeostasis in chronic kidney disease and its crosstalk with ferroptosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there is still no effective treatment to prevent or delay the progression of CKD into ESRD. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of CKD is essential for preventing and treating CKD. There are a variety of trace elements in the human body that interact with each other within a complex regulatory network. Iron and copper are both vital trace elements in the body. They are critical for maintaining bodily functions, and the dysregulation of their metabolism can cause many diseases, including kidney disease. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to kidney disease. However, the role of abnormal copper metabolism in kidney disease and its relationship with ferroptosis remains unclear. Here, our current knowledge regarding copper metabolism, its regulatory mechanism, and the role of abnormal copper metabolism in kidney diseases is summarized. In addition, we discuss the relationship between abnormal copper metabolism and ferroptosis to explore the possible pathogenesis and provide a potential therapeutic target for CKD.

Empirical versus diagnostic-driven antifungal therapy for hematological malignancies patients with inva-sive fungal disease / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of empirical therapy and diagnostic-driven the-rapy in the treatment of the hematological malignancies patients complicated with invasive fungal disease (IFD). Methods The clinical data of patients with hematological malignancies undergoing antifungal treat-ment in the Department of Hematology and Lymphoma of Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital,Chinese Aca-demy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from August 2017 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 68 patients met the inclusion criteria,of which,28 received the empirical therapy and 40 received the diagnostic-driven therapy. Then the differences of the incidence of IFD,IFD-related mor-tality,days of hospitalization and antifungal treatment between the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of IFD in the diagnostic-driven therapy group was higher than that in the empirical therapy group [27. 5％ (11 / 40)vs. 7. 1％ (2 / 28),χ2 = 4. 414,P = 0. 036]. While the rates of IFD-related mortality were 7. 5％ (3 / 40)and 3. 6％ (1 / 28)respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0. 459,P =0. 498). The number of antifungal treatment days in the diagnostic-driven therapy group was greater than that in the empirical therapy group [(15. 9 ± 3. 3)d vs. (13. 1 ± 2. 5)d,t = - 3. 654,P = 0. 001]. While the num-bers of hospitalization days were similar in the two groups [(20. 1 ± 2. 1)d vs. (19. 4 ± 2. 3)d],with no sta-tistically significant difference (t = - 1. 273,P = 0. 208). Conclusion Both diagnostic-driven therapy and empirical therapy are helpful to early antifungal treatment,and they should be performed properly combined with the actual clinical conditions.

Nursing care to hemodialysis patients with hypocalcemia after parathyroiddectomy / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the postoperative care to hemodialysis patients with hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. Methods The nursing measures included timely correction of hypocalcemia, nursing of muscular spasm, dietary nursing and rational medication. Five of them developed numbness in the limbs, which was alleviated by administration of venous transfusion of calcium gluconate. After six months, the blood calcium in 6 patients resumed to normal level. For 1 case with lower blood calcium, the level of blood calcium maintained at 1.8~2.0mmol/L after supplement with high dose of calcium and high -calcium hemodialysis. Conclusions The hemodialysis patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroiddectomy are susceptible to hypocalcemia. The timely correction of hypocalcemia and related nursing measures are of significance for their recovery.

Experience of guiding the innovative experiment programs in preclinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The innovative experiment programs are important teaching reform for improving the students' innovating spirit and practical ability.The innovative experimental studies for medical students in preclinical stage include scientific research topic selection,information retrieval,experimental study and manuscript preparation.The innovative experiments stimulated the research interests,improved the comprehensive quality and promoted the learning of preclinical theories.However,the supporting rules,the assessment methods and the quality of teachers remain to be further improved in order to execute the programs more successfully.

Overexpression of Wnt3 inhibits apoptosis of hepatic progenitor cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of adenoviral vector-mediated over-expression of Wnt3 on the apoptosis of hepatic progenitor cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hepatic progenitor cells transfected with Ad-GFP-Wnt3 vector or the control vector Ad-GFP were examined for cell apoptosis under fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining, and the proportion of apoptotic cells were determined by flow cytometric analysis with Annexin-PE/7-ADD staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in the cells were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed a high expression of Wnt3 in Ad-GFP-Wnt3-transfected hepatic progenitor cells, which exhibited significantly decreased cell apoptosis as compared with the control group. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl mRNA and proteins increased significantly while Bax expression decreased obviously in Ad-GFP-Wnt3-transfected cells (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adenoviral vector-mediated over-expression of Wnt3 can suppress apoptosis of hepatic progenitor cells possibly through the Bcl-2 pathway.</p>

Meta-analysis of the teaching effectiveness of PBL method for medical students in surgery bed side teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of PBL teaching model for medical students in surgery bed side teaching.MethodsThe method of meta-analysis.ResultsFinally,twenty-six documents met the requirement.The resuhs of Meta-analysis showed that,in the aspect of theory improvement for medical students,WMD=6.46,95 ％ CI 为 2.56 ～ 10.36,P＜0.01 ; in the aspect of skill ability improvement,WMD=5.32,95 ％ CI 为 2.47 ～ 8.16,P ＜0.01.ConclusionThe model of PBL teaching could significantly improve the effectiveness in theoretical knowledge and skill ability.

Present situation and suggestion on training the research ability of post-graduate students of basic medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The important difference between post-graduate and undergraduate education is to train their reseach ability,which is very important especially to the post-graduate students of basic medicine who will be researchers.The problem in training research ability of post-graduate was studied in this paper and solution plan was put forward.

Relative factors of the compliance in schizophrenic out-patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the relative factors of the compliance in schizophrenic out-patients.Methods118 schizophrenic out-patients chosen randomly were investigate with the compliance and assessed with Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-SI), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) by telephone. Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the relative factors of the compliance.Results56.8% of all patients were of full compliance. The risk factors of compliance in schizophrenic out-patients were the frequency of medicine taken, the scores of CGI-SI and the insight of the illness. ConclusionIt is important to choose effective and convenient antipsychotic drugs and improve the insight of the illness to enhance the compliance of the schizophrenic out-patients.

Effects of HBx on localization of PPAR? in HepG2 cell line / 第三军医大学学报

Objective Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-encoded X(HBx) contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor(PPAR?) highly expressed in some hepatoma cell lines.We tend to investigate the possible relationship between HBx and PPAR? in the development of hepatic cancer.Methods PPAR? of HepG2 cells traysinfected with recombinant HBx adenovirus,with blank vector and without transfection was detected by RT-PCR for its mRNA level,Western blot for its protein level and immunocytochemistry for its localization.The effect of HBx on the inhibition of HepG2 cell growth by troglitazone,the ligand of PPAR?,was measured by MTT assay.Results The localization of PPAR? in HepG2 cells infected with HBx adenovirus was changed,increasing in cytoplasm and decreasing in cellular nucleus,while the expressions of PPAR? mRNA and protein were not significantly changed,compared with those in HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells transfected with blank vector.The inhibitory effects of troglitazone on HepG2 cell growth weakened when HepG2 cells were infected with HBx adenovirus.Conclusion HBx may affect the localization of PPAR?,but not the quantity of PPAR? expression.HBx decreases the inhibition ratio of troglitazone on HepG2 cell growth.