A comparison of peripapillary vessel density between subjects with normal-tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma with similar extents of glaucomatous damage.

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in retinal microvasculature impairments between patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and those with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with similar extents of structural and visual field damage. Participants with glaucoma-suspect (GS), NTG, POAG, and normal controls were consecutively enrolled. Peripapillary vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) were compared among the groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between VD, PD and visual field parameters. The VDs of the full areas were 18.3 ± 0.7, 17.3 ± 1.7, 16.5 ± 1.7, and 15.8 ± 2.3 mm-1 in the control, GS, NTG, and POAG groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The VDs of the outer and inner areas and the PDs of all areas also differed significantly among the groups (all P < 0.001). In the NTG group, the VDs of the full, outer, and inner areas were significantly associated with all visual field parameters including the mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and visual field index (VFI). In the POAG group, the VDs of the full and inner areas were significantly associated with PSD and VFI but not with MD. In conclusion, with similar degrees of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field damage in both groups, the POAG group showed a lower peripapillary VD and PD than the NTG group. VD and PD were significantly associated with visual field loss.

Risk factors for decreased distance between internal carotid artery and pharyngeal wall.

OBJECTIVES: The risk of disastrous bleeding during pharyngeal surgery is increased in cases of an internal carotid artery (ICA) that is medially displaced due to its anomalous course. We attempted to assess the distance between the ICA and the pharyngeal wall (DIP) and to evaluate the predisposing factors associated with ICA variation. METHODS: The course of ICA was studied in 509 CT scans, and a retrospective chart review was performed. The course of ICA and DIP were evaluated at each level of the pharynx: nasopharynx (NP), oropharynx (OP), and hypopharynx (HP). RESULTS: The mean DIP value was greatest (15.8±4.6mm) at NP, decreased at OP (15.8±4.6mm), and was shortest at HP (13.5±6.0mm). DIP was significantly shorter in females compared with males at all three pharyngeal levels. Age was inversely correlated with DIP at NP and OP. Tortuous ICA was most common (51.4%), followed by straight (41.2%), kinking (6.9%), and coiling (0.5%) types. DIP was longest in the straight type and decreased as the curvature of ICA increased. The most common ICA type differed between younger (<60 years; 56.2% having the straight type) and older groups (≥60 years; 66.2% having the tortuous type). Females older than 60 years displayed a higher incidence of kinking ICA compared with males. CONCLUSIONS: Hypopharynx, old age, female gender, and tortuous or kinking ICA types were risk factors for a decreased distance between the ICA and the pharyngeal wall. Meticulous examination of the pharyngeal wall should therefore be performed prior to pharyngeal surgery in patients with these associated risk factors.

Retinal capillary hemangioma treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

PURPOSE: To report a case of retinal capillary hemangioma treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. METHODS: A 15-year-old female presented with metamorphopsia in the left eye for 7 days. Examination showed peripheral endophytic retinal capillary hemangioma, macular edema, and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50. The hemangioma and macular edema were treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. RESULTS: After 5 months of follow-up, involution of the hemangioma, reduction of macular edema, decrease of the feeder and draining vessel diameter, and improvement of best-corrected visual acuity to 20/25 was seen. CONCLUSIONS: This verteporfin photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide appeared to cause involution of the hemangioma with reduction in macular edema and improvement in visual acuity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose of Adults / 간호학회지

This study was conducted to draw out prevalence and the risk factors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose for adults,(age 30-69). The subjects were 2096 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1999 at K Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using chi-square test, unpaired t-test and logistic regression. Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose were diagnosed by ADA (American Diabetes Association, 1997) criteria. The results were as follows: 1. Mens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 7.9% and womens' prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 3.8%. Mens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 10.4% and womens' prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.5%. Prevalences of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with age. 2. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose of obese subjects (relative body weight>=162) was higher than that of overweight subjects (110<=relative body weight<=119) in men and women. 3. The diagnoses of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose increased with systolic blood pressure and triglyceride. 4. Significant factors associated with diabetes in the logistic regression best gut model were age, relative body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in men, and systolic blood pressure in women. In conclusion, as age, weight, systolic blood pressure and triglyceride get higher, Diabetes Mellitus and impaired fasting glucose prevalence also increases, porportionally.