Regional environmental supervision and corporate environmental investment: from the perspective of ecological damage compensation.

On the basis of the "Pilot System of the Ecological Damage Compensation" launched in 2015 and a research sample of listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2017, this paper uses a difference-in-differences model to empirically evaluate the impact of the damage compensation system on corporate environmental investment, as well as the moderating effect of market degree and firm ownership. The result shows that the implementation of the damage compensation system significantly promotes corporate environmental investment and that the market degree exerts a moderating effect. The effect of supervision remains the same because of firm ownership. This research uses a pilot policy to form a natural experimental group to accurately identify the impact of environmental supervision on corporate environmental investment. The aforementioned conclusions recognize the need for the construction of the ecological damage compensation system, provide a reference for the national government to formulate specific effective environmental policies, stimulate the environmental governance motivation of regional governments, and encourage enterprises to assume environmental responsibilities and thereby achieve green sustainable development.

Extension of the Swanepoel method for obtaining the refractive index of chalcogenide thin films accurately at an arbitrary wavenumber.

The well-known Swanepoel method was often used to obtain the refractive index (RI) of thin films at the wavenumber values corresponding to the extremes of the transmission interference fringes. But it is difficult to accurately obtain the RI of chalcogenide thin films, especially at an arbitrary wavenumber. So a regional approach method (RAM) was presented here to extend the Swanepoel method to an arbitrary wavenumber. In the RAM the RI at the arbitrary wavenumber was determined through dynamic matching. The calculated values were used to match the experimental transmittance. The accuracy of the RI is better than 0.5%. The RI of a well-known film was obtained by the RAM. And the results are in great agreement with the true values of the RI of the film which indicates the correctness and effectiveness of the RAM. Moreover, the transmission spectrum of Ge-Sb-Se film was measured in the ultra-broadband range of 2000-18000 cm-1 (555-5000 nm), and finally the RI of the film was obtained at the 22 wavenumbers of the spacer 600 cm-1 by the RAM.

Improvement of Swanepoel method for deriving the thickness and the optical properties of chalcogenide thin films.

A tangencypoint method (TPM) is presented to derive the thickness and optical constants of chalcogenide thin films from their transmission spectra. It solves the problem of the abnormal value of thickness in the strong absorption region obtained by Swanepoel method. The accuracy of the thickness and refractive index is better than 0.5% by using this method. Moreover, comparing with Swanepoel method by using the same simulation and experimental data from the transmission spectrum, the accuracy of the thickness and refractive index obtained by the TPM is higher in the strong absorption region. Finally the dispersion and absorption coefficient of the chalcogenide films are obtained based on the experimental data of the transmission spectrum by using the TPM.