La educación ante el consumo de riesgo de bebidas alcohólicas: propuesta de actuación multidisciplinar desde el profesional de la salud / Education facing risk consumption of alcoholic beverages - A proposal for multidisciplinary action from the health care professionals

Educar y sensibilizar al consumidor para moderar el consumo de alcohol es clave para potenciar un estilo de vida saludable. Los profesionales de la salud (PS) en general, y los farmacéuticos comunitarios o los médicos y enfermeros de Atención Primaria (AP) en particular, son influenciadores clave en la educación para prevenir conductas de riesgo. El desconocimiento por parte del consumidor de conceptos como la unidad de bebida estándar, las recomendaciones de consumo, o las equivalencias de alcohol en las bebidas consumidas, puede generar consumos de riesgo alto, dado que el alcohol es alcohol y no depende de la bebida que lo contiene. Asimismo, los PS no suelen estar familiarizados con estos conceptos y con el uso de herramientas para la detección precoz, como puede ser el cuestionario AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Proponemos un abordaje multidisciplinar (médicos y enfermeros de AP, farmacia comunitaria, dietistas-nutricionistas) para educar al consumidor sobre el riesgo asociado al consumo de alcohol, sustentado en la elaboración de un protocolo de actuación consensuado entre las sociedades científicas de estos colectivos profesionales, cuyo objetivo fundamental es contribuir a la formación óptima y actualizada de los PS. Este protocolo de actuación pretende, por tanto, prevenir conductas de riesgo mediante la educación del consumidor y la detección de hábitos de consumo de alto riesgo. Asimismo, este abordaje multidisciplinar y coordinado debe servir para impulsar la comunicación entre los distintos colectivos a la hora de proporcionar información relevante para abordar el consumo de riesgo desde la AP de Salud

Educating and increasing awareness in the consumer to achieve a moderate alcohol consumption is key to promote a healthy lifestyle. Health care professionals (HCP), in particular community pharmacists and Primary Care (PC) physicians and nurses, are key influencers in the education to prevent risk behaviors. A consumer's poor knowledge of concepts such as standard unit, the recommendations on alcohol use, or the alcohol equivalence in the drinks consumed, can lead to a high-risk use, since "alcohol is alcohol" no matter what beverage contains it. Moreover, HCPs are usually not familiar with these concepts and with early detection tools such as the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). We propose a multidisciplinary approach (PC physicians and nurses, community pharmacy, dietists-nutritionists) to educate consumers on the risks associated with the use of alcohol, supported by the development of a protocol of action subscribed by the scientific societies of these professional groups, with the main objective of contributing to optimal and updated training for HCPs. Thus, this protocol of action aims to prevent risk behaviors through consumer education, and to detect high-risk alcohol use. Moreover, this multidisciplinary and coordinated approach should help to boost communication between the different collectives involved when providing relevant information to tackle risky alcohol use from PC

[Education facing risk consumption of alcoholic beverages - A proposal for interdisciplinary action from the health care professional]. / La educación ante el consumo de riesgo de bebidas alcohólicas: propuesta de actuación multidisciplinar desde el profesional de la salud.

INTRODUCTION: Educating and increasing awareness in the consumer to achieve a moderate alcohol consumption is key to promote a healthy lifestyle. Health care professionals (HCP), in particular community pharmacists and Primary Care (PC) physicians and nurses, are key influencers in the education to prevent risk behaviors. A consumer's poor knowledge of concepts such as standard unit, the recommendations on alcohol use, or the alcohol equivalence in the drinks consumed, can lead to a high-risk use, since "alcohol is alcohol" no matter what beverage contains it. Moreover, HCPs are usually not familiar with these concepts and with early detection tools such as the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). We propose a multidisciplinary approach (PC physicians and nurses, community pharmacy, dietists-nutritionists) to educate consumers on the risks associated with the use of alcohol, supported by the development of a protocol of action subscribed by the scientific societies of these professional groups, with the main objective of contributing to optimal and updated training for HCPs. Thus, this protocol of action aims to prevent risk behaviors through consumer education, and to detect high-risk alcohol use. Moreover, this multidisciplinary and coordinated approach should help to boost communication between the different collectives involved when providing relevant information to tackle risky alcohol use from PC.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Educar y sensibilizar al consumidor para moderar el consumo de alcohol es clave para potenciar un estilo de vida saludable. Los profesionales de la salud (PS) en general, y los farmacéuticos comunitarios o los médicos y enfermeros de Atención Primaria (AP) en particular, son influenciadores clave en la educación para prevenir conductas de riesgo. El desconocimiento por parte del consumidor de conceptos como la unidad de bebida estándar, las recomendaciones de consumo, o las equivalencias de alcohol en las bebidas consumidas, puede generar consumos de riesgo alto, dado que el alcohol es alcohol y no depende de la bebida que lo contiene. Asimismo, los PS no suelen estar familiarizados con estos conceptos y con el uso de herramientas para la detección precoz, como puede ser el cuestionario AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Proponemos un abordaje multidisciplinar (médicos y enfermeros de AP, farmacia comunitaria, dietistas-nutricionistas) para educar al consumidor sobre el riesgo asociado al consumo de alcohol, sustentado en la elaboración de un protocolo de actuación consensuado entre las sociedades científicas de estos colectivos profesionales, cuyo objetivo fundamental es contribuir a la formación óptima y actualizada de los PS. Este protocolo de actuación pretende, por tanto, prevenir conductas de riesgo mediante la educación del consumidor y la detección de hábitos de consumo de alto riesgo. Asimismo, este abordaje multidisciplinar y coordinado debe servir para impulsar la comunicación entre los distintos colectivos a la hora de proporcionar información relevante para abordar el consumo de riesgo desde la AP de Salud.

Pivoting system fracture in a bileaflet mechanical valve: a case report.

A leaflet escape occurred in a low profile bileaflet mechanical prosthesis manufactured by TRI-Technologies that had been implanted for 3 years in the mitral position of a 32 year old patient. The escaped leaflet had embolized and was subsequently located by an abdominal computerized axial tomography scan and ultrasound in the terminal portion of the aortic bifurcation. The embolized leaflet was removed 3 months after valve replacement surgery. In an attempt to determine the cause of the escape the retrieved embolized leaflet was investigated. Techniques employed included visual examination aided by stereo-microscopy, x-ray imaging and scanning electron microscopy. One of the ears had fractured and was missing from the leaflet. Chipping was observed at the leaflet ear position on both the inflow and outflow surfaces. Visual and SEM observations found fractographic river-lines that indicated an apparent origin at the inflow surface of the ear nearest to the straight 'B-datum' line or coaptation edge. The origin seemed to be in the radius between the leaflet ear and the leaflet body. SEM observation of the remaining intact ear showed wear marks on both the inflow and outflow sides of the leaflet ear that corresponded to the suspected origin of fracture. It is believed that the use of boron alloyed pyrolytic carbon material and the leaflet's homogeneous monolithic structural design were factors that contributed to this adverse event.

Analysis of sixty-two explanted Liotta bioprostheses: biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and biodurability issues.

Sixty-two explanted Liotta porcine bioprostheses were examined to review the issues related to their biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and biodurability. These bioprostheses were harvested from 56 patients with implantation times ranging from only a few hours to more than nine years of implantation. There were 10 acute and short-term (< 1 year), 20 midterm (1 < t < 5 years), and 32 long-term (> 5 years) cases. The indications for the reoperations were: hemodynamic (59), thrombosis (10), and endocarditis (3). The major indications varied according to the duration of implantation: blood infiltration, fibrin buildup, thrombosis in the short-term; endocarditis and hemodynamic insufficiency in the midterm; and mineralization and tears causing hemodynamic incompetence in the long term. Mineralization proved to be the main threat to long-term durability for porcine valves. Besides a few short-term failures, these explanted devices slowly degenerated over time and were replaced to prevent congestive heart failure. Documentation of the failure modes of these porcine valves is important since the demand for bioprostheses will increase in the future, in particular for percutaneous devices. Such bioprostheses emphasize a critical biocompatibility issue following implantation because they have the capacity to remain free of thrombus in the absence of anticoagulation. The biofunctionality appears to be adequate in the absence of subsequent pathology with restoration of normal valve function. However, the documentation of such significant long-term biodurability issues raises questions that have been addressed but not fully answered yet with the new generations of bioprostheses.