Are Dominicans in Favor of Xenotransplantation? A Study of the Attitude of Dominican Immigrants Residing in Spain and the United States.

Xenotransplantation carries many social and cultural implications. The immigrant population in countries with xenotransplantation programs, such as Spain and the United States, will play an important role in accepting such therapy. The objective of the study is to analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation among the Dominican population residing in the United States and Spain. METHODS: The study population was born in the Dominican Republic and resides in the southeastern United States and Spain. A sample population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward xenotransplantation (PCID-XENOTx-Ríos). A random selection of people to be surveyed was carried out. Assistance from immigration support associations was needed to advise on the location of potential respondents. RESULTS: A total of 123 respondents were included in the study: A sample was taken of residents of the population from the Dominican Republic residing in Florida, United States (n = 66), and in Spain (n = 57). If it was assumed that xenotransplanted organs functioned as well as human ones, 30% would be in favor. If the results were worse, only 7% would be in favor. This favorable attitude was related to the following variables (P < .05): level of education, an attitude in favor of deceased and living organ donation, and having spoken about donation and transplantation within the family. CONCLUSIONS: The attitude toward xenotransplantation among the population from the Dominican Republic who are residing in the southeastern United States and Spain is unfavorable.

Level of Acceptance of Solid Organ and Tissue Xenotransplantation Among the Bolivian Population Residing in Spain.

The Bolivian population is growing in Spain. Xenotransplantation of organs and/or tissues carries many social and cultural implications. It is important to find out the level of acceptance of xenotransplantation in immigrant populations, especially in populations where there are preclinical trials. The objective of the study is to analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation of organs and tissues in the Bolivian population residing in Spain and the variables that influence their attitude. METHODS: We selected a sample of the Bolivian population living in Spain. A sample of the population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward xenotransplantation (PCID-XENOTX-Ríos). RESULTS: Of the 206 respondents, 26% of respondents are in favor of xenotransplantation of organs if it was assumed that xenotransplanted organs functioned as well as human ones. If the results were worse, only 6% would be in favor. The following factors were associated with this attitude: (1) level of education (P = .008), (2) a favorable attitude toward human donation (P = .004), (3) a partner's favorable attitude toward transplantation (P < .001), and (4) a belief that one might need a transplant in the future (P = .01). The following were associated with attitude in the multivariate analysis: (1) having secondary education (odds ratio, 3.690; P = .004) and (2) a partner's favorable attitude toward transplantation (odds ratio, 6.024; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude of Bolivian residents in Spain toward xenotransplantation is negative and is determined by educational and family factors.

La Teoría de la Identidad Social: una síntesis crítica de sus fundamentos, evidencias y controversias / Social Identity Theory: A critical synthesis of its bases, evidence and controversies

La Teoría de la Identidad Social (TIS) y la Teoría de la Auto-Categorización del Yo han tenido gran influencia en la Psicología Social contemporánea, proporcionando reseñables contribuciones a la comprensión de la dimensión social de la conducta. En este trabajo se sintetizan los fundamentos de dichas teorías y se revisan críticamente los elementos más controvertidos de la TIS, examinando sus límites y potencialidades. Se muestra que la literatura ofrece un panorama heterogéneo que reúne, junto a notables esfuerzos de síntesis e integración, numerosos trabajos fragmentarios e interpretaciones descontextualizadas que han generado visiones distorsionadas del comportamiento grupal. Tomando en consideración el carácter multidimensional, contextualmente mediado, dinámico y funcional de los procesos identitarios, patente ya en los trabajos más cualificados, se hace necesario revisar las herramientas epistemológicas y metodológicas al uso dentro del área y evolucionar hacia prácticas que permitan estudiar los fenómenos grupales en modo más acorde a su complejidad (AU)

The social identity theory (SIT) and the self-categorization theory have had considerable influence on contemporary Social Psychology, making notable contributions to our understanding of the social dimension of behaviour. In the present work, we summarise the bases of these theories and critically review the most controversial elements of SIT, exploring its limits and potential. As shown here, the literature offers a heterogeneous body of research that includes outstanding efforts of synthesis and integration, but also numerous fragmentary studies and decontextualized interpretations that have generated distorted views of group behaviour. Taking into account the multidimensional, contextually mediated, dynamic and functional nature of identitary processes, which clearly emerge in the most serious works in the field, there is obviously a need to review the epistemological and methodological tools currently employed, with a view to developing practices that allow the study of group phenomena in a manner more suited to their complexity (AU)

[Social Identity Theory: a critical synthesis of its bases, evidence and controversies]. / La Teoría de la Identidad Social: una síntesis crítica de sus fundamentos, evidencias y controversias.

The social identity theory (SIT) and the self-categorization theory have had considerable influence on contemporary Social Psychology, making notable contributions to our understanding of the social dimension of behaviour. In the present work, we summarise the bases of these theories and critically review the most controversial elements of SIT, exploring its limits and potential. As shown here, the literature offers a heterogeneous body of research that includes outstanding efforts of synthesis and integration, but also numerous fragmentary studies and decontextualized interpretations that have generated distorted views of group behaviour. Taking into account the multidimensional, contextually mediated, dynamic and functional nature of identitary processes, which clearly emerge in the most serious works in the field, there is obviously a need to review the epistemological and methodological tools currently employed, with a view to developing practices that allow the study of group phenomena in a manner more suited to their complexity.