Large-Scale Characterization of Drug Responses of Clinically Relevant Proteins in Cancer Cell Lines.

Perturbation biology is a powerful approach to modeling quantitative cellular behaviors and understanding detailed disease mechanisms. However, large-scale protein response resources of cancer cell lines to perturbations are not available, resulting in a critical knowledge gap. Here we generated and compiled perturbed expression profiles of ∼210 clinically relevant proteins in >12,000 cancer cell line samples in response to ∼170 drug compounds using reverse-phase protein arrays. We show that integrating perturbed protein response signals provides mechanistic insights into drug resistance, increases the predictive power for drug sensitivity, and helps identify effective drug combinations. We build a systematic map of "protein-drug" connectivity and develop a user-friendly data portal for community use. Our study provides a rich resource to investigate the behaviors of cancer cells and the dependencies of treatment responses, thereby enabling a broad range of biomedical applications.

Clinical significance of FSTL 1, Bax, Bcl-2 in acute cerebral infarction and its relationship with hemorrhagic transformation.

OBJECTIVE: Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is the most common type of acute cerebrovascular disease so far, and its incidence rate has been increasing in recent years. At present, the methods of diagnosing ACI in clinic are extremely complicated, and an effective index that can effectively diagnose ACI is urgently needed in clinic. This study is designed to investigate the clinical significance of Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), Bax and Bcl-2 in ACI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 84 cases of ACI patients admitted to our hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 and 90 cases of healthy subjects undergoing physical examination at the same time were selected as the research objects for prospective analysis. The concentrations of FSTL1, Bax and Bcl-2 in the peripheral blood of objects in the two groups were detected to analyze the diagnostic value of FSTL1, Bax and Bcl-2 for ACI, and the correlation of FSTL 1, Bax and Bcl-2 with the infarct size, treatment method and hemorrhagic transformation. Another 20 SD rats were purchased, among which 10 rats were randomly selected for ACI modeling. FSTL1 concentration, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in brain tissues of ACI rats and normal rats were detected. RESULTS: FSTL1 and Bax in peripheral blood of ACI patients were higher than those of healthy subjects (p<0.050), and Bcl-2 was lower than those of healthy subjects (p<0.050). It was detected that FSTL1, Bax and Bcl-2 had good diagnostic value for patients with ACI (p<0.001). FSTL1 and Bax decreased while Bcl-2 increased in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy (p<0.050). And FSTL1, Bax and Bcl-2 were closely related to infarct size and hemorrhagic transformation (p<0.050). Logistic regression analysis showed that NIHSS score, atrial fibrillation, infarct volume, FSTL1 and Bax were independent risk factors affecting hemorrhagic transformation in ACI patients (p<0.050), and Bcl-2 was an independent protective factor affecting hemorrhagic transformation in ACI patients (p<0.050). The concentration of FSTL1 and the expression of Bax protein in rat brain tissue were also higher than that in normal rats, while Bcl-2 was lower than that in normal rats (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FSTL1, Bax and Bcl-2 are involved in the occurrence and development of ACI and are closely related to the hemorrhagic transformation of patients. The mechanism by which FSTL1 promotes the occurrence of ACI might be related to promoting the occurrence of inflammatory responses in the brain tissue of patients or accelerating the apoptosis of neurons.

[Gene mutation spectrum and clinical characteristics analysis of 178 patients with essential thrombocytosis].

Objective: To analyze the gene mutation spectrum, clinical features, and the factors of disease progression and prognosis in patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET) . Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 178 newly diagnosed ET patients admitted from February 1st, 2009 to November 1st, 2018. Results: Of the 178 patients, 89 were male and 89 female, and the median diagnosis age was 49.5 (3-86) years old. JAK2V617F, CALR and MPL mutations frequencies were 16.45% (1.67%-43.90%) , 40.00% (10.00%-49.15%) and 25.10% (25.00%-40.00%) , respectively. Compared with patients with CALR mutations, patients with JAK2V617F mutation had higher diagnosis age (P=0.035) , higher white blood cell count (P=0.040) , higher hemoglobin concentration (P=0.001) , and lower platelet count (P=0.002) , respectively. Of them, 47 patients (27.01%) developed thrombotic events before diagnosis, and 3 ones (1.72%) experienced thrombotic events after diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed age >60 years (P=0.013, OR=4.595, 95%CI 1.382-15.282) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVF) (P<0.001, OR=8.873, 95%CI 2.921-26.955) as risk factors for thrombotic events, CALR mutation (P=0.032, OR=0.126, 95%CI 0.019-0.838) as a protective factor for thrombotic events. Age >60 years (P=0.042, OR=4.045, 95%CI 1.053-15.534) was found to be a risk factor for the overall survival (OS) of ET patients. OS of age ≤60 years and age>60 years were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis to be (115.231±1.899) months and (83.291±4.991) months (χ(2)=6.406, P=0.011) , respectively. Conclusion: Age>60 years and CVF were risk factors for thrombotic event. CALR mutation was a protective factor for thrombotic event. Age >60 years was a risk factor for OS in ET patients.

Molecular evolutionary trends and feeding ecology diversification in the Hemiptera, anchored by the milkweed bug genome.

BACKGROUND: The Hemiptera (aphids, cicadas, and true bugs) are a key insect order, with high diversity for feeding ecology and excellent experimental tractability for molecular genetics. Building upon recent sequencing of hemipteran pests such as phloem-feeding aphids and blood-feeding bed bugs, we present the genome sequence and comparative analyses centered on the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, a seed feeder of the family Lygaeidae. RESULTS: The 926-Mb Oncopeltus genome is well represented by the current assembly and official gene set. We use our genomic and RNA-seq data not only to characterize the protein-coding gene repertoire and perform isoform-specific RNAi, but also to elucidate patterns of molecular evolution and physiology. We find ongoing, lineage-specific expansion and diversification of repressive C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The discovery of intron gain and turnover specific to the Hemiptera also prompted the evaluation of lineage and genome size as predictors of gene structure evolution. Furthermore, we identify enzymatic gains and losses that correlate with feeding biology, particularly for reductions associated with derived, fluid nutrition feeding. CONCLUSIONS: With the milkweed bug, we now have a critical mass of sequenced species for a hemimetabolous insect order and close outgroup to the Holometabola, substantially improving the diversity of insect genomics. We thereby define commonalities among the Hemiptera and delve into how hemipteran genomes reflect distinct feeding ecologies. Given Oncopeltus's strength as an experimental model, these new sequence resources bolster the foundation for molecular research and highlight technical considerations for the analysis of medium-sized invertebrate genomes.

Follow-up Status of Living Kidney Donors After Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the follow-up status of living kidney donors after transplantation. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the medical record data from one hospital in Korea. Eighty-one donors from February 2010 to April 2016 were selected for analysis of follow-up status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimator, and Cox regression. RESULTS: Overall, 48.4% of donors continued to participate in follow-up visits. Donor follow-up rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 75.1%, 58.2%, and 48.4%, respectively. Significant predictors of follow-up loss among donors were smoking habit and the type of follow-up health care provider. CONCLUSION: For management of the physical and psychological health of donors, continuous care by the nephrologist and surgeon is required following transplantation.

Impact of Early Hospital Readmissions After Kidney Transplantation on Graft Function.

Early hospital readmissions are common after kidney transplantation. This single-center retrospective study investigated the relationship between early hospital readmissions and clinical outcomes. All adult patients receiving a kidney transplant at this center between March 2009 and June 2015 were included. The early hospital readmissions within the first 30 days were numbered, and the diagnosis was ascertained. The patients were divided into None and Readmission groups. Clinical outcomes and patient- and death-censored graft survival were compared. Among the 103 patients included in the study, 32 (31.1%) had 1 or more readmissions within 30 days. Surgical complications, electrolyte imbalance, and acute rejection were common causes of readmission. No differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Patients with early readmissions exhibited low renal function at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (P = .002, .020, and .013, respectively). No difference in graft function was found 12 months after transplantation between the None and Readmission groups. Five-year graft and patient survival also showed no difference between the two groups (P = .424 and .442, respectively). In conclusion, early readmission after kidney transplantation affected lower graft function until 1 year after kidney transplantation. However, the long-term effect on graft function is limited in this study.

[The value of platelet count in predicting the efficacy of rituximab treatment in adult patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia].

Objective: To investigate the value of platelet count in predicting the efficacy of rituximab treatment in chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 103 chronic ITP patients hospitalized in our medical center between January 2011 and December 2014. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of platelet count in different time points were analyzed for the predictor of treatment response. Optimal cutoff values were established using ROC analysis. Results: A total of 103 patients were included in the study. There were 46 males and 57 females, with a median age of 30 (18-67) years. At day 1, 3 and 7 after the first dose of rituximab, there was no significant difference in platelet counts between the success group (PLT≥50×10(9)/L after treatment) and the failure group (PLT≤50×10(9)/L after treatment) (P>0.05). At day 14 after rituximab treatment (PTD 14), platelet counts became significantly different in the success and failure groups[41(8-384)×10(9)/L vs 23(0-106)×10(9)/L, P=0.003], and remained different thereafter, with increasing significance in the subsequent follow-ups. Patients were divided further using an optimal cut-off platelet count of 50×10(9)/L on PTD 14, PTD 30, and PTD 60, and PPV and NPV values were calculated for predicting eventual success and failure. Conclusion: Response can be predicted by obtaining platelet counts at 14, 30 and 60 days after rituximab treatment. The study proposed a protocol that guides patient monitoring and management planning.

A Study on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Educational Needs for Brain-Death Organ Transplantation and Donation and Intent to Donate Organs.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge, attitude, educational needs, and will of nursing students on organ donation from brain-dead donors. METHODS: Data were collected by using a 40-item questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitude, educational needs, and will for organ donation of 215 nursing college students in one university in Dangjin city from May 11 to May 31, 2017. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 program (Data Solution Inc, Seoul). RESULTS: In the general characteristics, 85.1% of the subjects did not receive education on donation, and 99.5% of the subjects responded that education is needed. The desired methods of education were special lecture in school (55.3%), "webtoons" on the Internet (19.5%), formal curriculum (15.8%). Points to improve to increase brain-death organ transplantation and donation included "active publicity through pan-national campaign activities" (56.3%), "respecting prior consent from brain-dead donors" (21.9%), and "encouragement and increased support for organ donors" (12.1%). There was a significant difference in knowledge according to will for organ donation (t = 3.29, P = .001) and consent to brain-death organ donation in family members (t = 3.29, P = .001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between attitude and knowledge of the subjects regarding brain-death organ donation. CONCLUSION: The knowledge, attitude, educational need, and will for organ donation of nursing students revealed in this study will be used as basic data to provide systematic transplant education including contents about organ transplantation in the regular nursing curriculum in the future. It will contribute to the activation of organ donation.

A model species for agricultural pest genomics: the genome of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

The Colorado potato beetle is one of the most challenging agricultural pests to manage. It has shown a spectacular ability to adapt to a variety of solanaceaeous plants and variable climates during its global invasion, and, notably, to rapidly evolve insecticide resistance. To examine evidence of rapid evolutionary change, and to understand the genetic basis of herbivory and insecticide resistance, we tested for structural and functional genomic changes relative to other arthropod species using genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and community annotation. Two factors that might facilitate rapid evolutionary change include transposable elements, which comprise at least 17% of the genome and are rapidly evolving compared to other Coleoptera, and high levels of nucleotide diversity in rapidly growing pest populations. Adaptations to plant feeding are evident in gene expansions and differential expression of digestive enzymes in gut tissues, as well as expansions of gustatory receptors for bitter tasting. Surprisingly, the suite of genes involved in insecticide resistance is similar to other beetles. Finally, duplications in the RNAi pathway might explain why Leptinotarsa decemlineata has high sensitivity to dsRNA. The L. decemlineata genome provides opportunities to investigate a broad range of phenotypes and to develop sustainable methods to control this widely successful pest.

Video-tactile pneumatic sensor for soft tissue elastic modulus estimation.

BACKGROUND: A new sensor for estimating elasticity of soft tissues such as a liver was developed for minimally invasive surgery application. METHODS: By measuring deformation and adjusting internal pressure of the pneumatic sensor head, the sensor can be used to do palpation (indentation) of tissues with wide range of stiffness. A video camera installed within the sensor shell is used to register the radius of the contact area. Based on finite element model simulations and the measured data, elastic modulus of the indented soft tissue can be calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Three phantom materials, namely plastic, silicone and gelatin, with varied stiffness were tested. The experimental results demonstrated that the new sensor can obtain highly reliable data with error less than 5%. The new sensor might be served as an instrument in laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis of pathological tissues or internal organs.

High-flow Nasal Cannula Versus Noninvasive Ventilation for Treatment of Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure in Renal Transplant Recipients.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy compared with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) from July 1, 2011, to September 31, 2015. All renal recipients who had acute respiratory failure at that period of time were classified into the HFNC or NIV group depending on the initial form of respiratory support. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty patients received HFNC and the other 18 received NIV as the initial respiratory support. The ICU mortality in the HFNC group was 5% (1 patient), compared with 22.2% (4 patients) in the NIV group (P = .083). The median length of the ICU stay was 12 days in the HFNC group, compared with 14 days in the NIV group (P = .297). The number of ventilator-free days at day 28 was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NIV group (26 ± 3 vs 21 ± 3; P < .001). The incidences of both pneumothorax (0% vs 22.2%; P = .042) and skin breakdown (0% vs 22.2%; P = .042) were significantly lower in the HFNC group. CONCLUSIONS: In renal transplant recipients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to severe pneumonia, HFNC achieved outcomes similar to NIV. In addition, HFNC was associated with an increased number of ventilator-free days at day 28 and fewer complications.

[PEMPHIGUS ACANTHOLYTICUS PARANEOPLASTIC: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE REPORT].

The article describes the clinical observation of a rare severe dermatosis, paraneoplastic acantholyticus pemphigus, associated with colon cancer with reference to pathogenesis, clinical variations and difficulties of diagnostics of this condition.

Adjustment Experience of Kidney Transplantation Recipients in Korea.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to understand the adjustment process after kidney transplantation. METHODS: The research method followed grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin. Twelve recipients after kidney transplantation were selected. The data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews or e-mailing or phone-interviews and analyzed by means of a constant comparative method. RESULTS: Through the category analysis, "struggling for independence" was verified as the central phenomenon of recipients, and the causal conditions that influence this phenomenon were "unpredictable physical status," "the difficulty of self-care," "apathy of families and friends," and "emotional instability." The contextual conditions were "social prejudice" and "difficulty in returning to society," and the intervening conditions were "significant others support" and "religious support." The action/interaction strategies were "inner reviewing strategies," "interactive strategies," and "active self-maintaining strategies." From this observation, "establishing guidelines for living" was derived as the result. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided deep understanding on the adjustment process after kidney transplantation, and this would help to provide a frame for individualized medical and nursing intervention strategies in assisting the psychosocial adaptation of the kidney transplantation recipient.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli planktonic cells by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in suspensions: Effect of surface functionalization coupled with medium nutrition level.

While earlier studies have identified the antibacterial activity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and proposed that cell membrane damage by direct contact with CNTs is likely the main toxicity mechanism, the relative importance of chemical versus physical properties of CNTs in controlling their bacterial cytotoxicity is understudied. Given that CNT is commonly modified via acid treatment to enhance its dispersivity and surface chemistry, in this study commercially available multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with high purity were processed carefully by acid reflux, resulting in differences in surface charge of MWCNTs without altering their physical properties. The surface condition of MWCNTs was also modified by adsorption of organic matter to compare bacterial toxicity of functionalized and non-functionalized MWCNTs in suspensions. Results show that although overall electrostatic repulsion and steric obstruction resulted from surface modifications led to elevated dispersivity of MWCNTs and mitigated toxicity on planktonic Escherichia coli cultures, no correlation between the dispersivity and bacterial toxicity of MWCNTs was observed, suggesting that dispersity alone may not be a proper index to estimate the CNT antibacterial effect on planktonic cells in the aqueous phase. In addition, viability recovery of MWCNT-treated cells was observed to be nutrition level-dependent, implying that availability of proper nutrients may be another important factor to be considered when assessing the ecotoxicity of CNTs in the aquatic system.

Experimental study on the inhibition effect of miR-106a inhibitor on tumor growth of ovarian cancer xenografts mice.

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibition effect of miR-106a inhibitor on tumor growth of ovarian cancer xenografts mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were selected as experimental animals, ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells transfected with miR-106a inhibitor and its negative control were inoculated subcutaneously, intratumoral injection of miR-106a inhibitor and its negative control were continued after tumor formation, and they were enrolled as treatment group and model group, respectively. Tumor volume and weight as well as Ki-67 and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression were determined; miR-106a inhibitor and its negative control as well as miR-106a mimic and its negative control were transfected into SKOV-3 cells, and expression of PDCD4 in cells was determined. RESULTS: Tumor tissue volume and weight as well as mRNA expression and protein expression of Ki-67 in treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group while mRNA expression and protein expression of PDCD4 were significantly higher than those in the model group; transfection of miR-106a mimic could decrease mRNA expression and protein expression of PDCD4 in SKOV-3 cells, and transfection of miR-106a inhibitor could increase mRNA expression and protein expression of PDCD4 in SKOV-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Transfection of miR-106a inhibitor can inhibit the growth of tumor in ovarian cancer xenografts mice through increasing the expression of PDCD4.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychologic Distress in Korean Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the extent to which transplant recipients face psychologic distress with the receipt of a transplanted organ. The purpose of this study was to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychologic distress in 105 adults who had undergone kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS: HRQoL was measured with the use of the Korean version of Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 version 2, and psychologic distress with the use of the Transplant Effects Questionnaire (TEQ). Clinical and demographic data were collected from questionnaires. The data were collected from August 2014 to November 2014 at 2 medical centers in Korea. RESULTS: Of the 105 patients, 53.3% were male and the overall mean age was 46.99 years. The mean score of each of the TEQ subscales ranged from 2.45 to 4.62. In the subscales of HRQoL, the mean score of physical component summary (PCS) was 50.23, and the mean score of mental component summary (MCS) was 46.19. MCS was negatively correlated with worry (P = .001) and guilt (P = .037) and positively correlated with adherence (P = .006) in the TEQ subscales, whereas there was no significant correlation between PCS and the TEQ subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that mental HRQoL is correlated with psychologic distress. Therefore, to increase the HRQoL, continuous attention is needed in kidney transplant recipients who experience psychologic distress and adherence problem. In addition, further empirical studies should be conducted to explain the mechanisms underlying this relationship.

Early Weight Gain After Transplantation Can Cause Adverse Effect on Transplant Kidney Function.

BACKGROUND: The outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with increased body mass index (BMI) remain controversial. We studied the relationship between changes in BMI and kidney transplant function, especially during the first year after transplantation. METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study of all kidney transplant recipients at our center from March 2009 to June 2014 to determine whether changes in BMI were associated with kidney transplant function, as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Recipient BMI and eGFR were calculated pre-transplant and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 postoperative months (POM) after transplantation. The correlation between changes in BMI and eGFR was then evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were studied. There was a strong negative correlation between changes in BMI and eGFR from pre-transplant to POM 1 (correlation coefficient, -0.406; P < .0001) and from POM 1 to POM 3 (r = -0.324, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: We found that increased BMI caused a significant decline in renal function as measured by eGFR, especially in the initial 3 months after kidney transplantation.

[CORRECTION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY USING DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING MODE BIOFEEDBACK IN HEALTHY PEOPLE.]

The research is an attempt to explain the use of portable computer devices aiming to correct heart rate variability (HRV) of healthy young men. According to the data, used deep diaphragmatic breathing in mode of biofeedback harmonizes breathing and blood circulation which positively affects the body's adaptive potential. However, developers present the portable instruments of biofeedback primarily as a means of psychological relaxation. The aim of this study is to determine whether such devices are able to significantly affect heart rate variability and how long this effect lasts. There were 30 males aged 18 to 20 years that participated in this study. They were randomly divided into three equal groups with up to 10 people in each of them. Members of the first group were doing breathing exercises using a portable biofeedback StressEraser device, the second group used Em-Wave2, and the third one used hardware and software system MyCalmBeat. Each session lasted from 10 to 15 minutes. There were 10 sessions held daily in the morning. HRV was recorded by remote heart rate monitor Polar RS800CX and software Polar ProTrainer5. 5-minutes' stationary segments of the curve chest electrocardiogram removal were used in order to calculate the HRV indexes. It was found that 15 minutes deep breathing in mode of biofeedback significantly affects the heart rate variability of healthy young people. In particular, it increases the overall heart rate variability according to the statistical and spectral analysis. It was established that in all 3 groups of experiment participants the spectral curve low-range "Low frequency" (LF) suffered the major shifts. These shifts reflect the activity level of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS) as well as vascular-motor center according to the conventional interpretation. It was found that all three groups suffered a specific weight decrease of Very Low Frequency (VLF)% respectively 11.8±2.2%;(p <0,01); 6.6 ± 2.8%; (p <0,02) and 6.8 ± 2.4% (p <0,05). This means that activity redistribution between different regulatory components of heart rate occurred in favour of the peripheral ANS parts. Heart rate variability changes of this kind remained valid for at least one month after the experiment. The greatest influence on heart rate variability was observed in the group of people who used the device StressEraser.

Medical and social consequences of the safety problems of oncological radiology. / MEDYKO SOTsIAL'NI NASLIDKY PROBLEM BEZPEKY PATsIIeNTIV V ONKORADIOLOGII.

INTRODUCTION: Actuality of the problem of patient safety in oncoradiology in Ukraineis grounded. OBJECTIVE: assessment of the safety of patients who performed radiation therapy, and extent of medical and social consequences of erroneous actions of personnel in this area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of international audit TLD (IAEA / WHO) quality during dosimetry procedures cobalt telehamma vehicles in Ukraine are investigated, as well as legal and regulatory framework providing for the safety of radiotherapy care, scientific publications on patient safety. METHODS: statistical, analytical, bibliographi cal, systematic approach. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: On the example of radiation therapy using the results of the international program of the IAEA / WHO TLD audit quality dosimetry calibration devices for remote gamma therapy in Ukraine from 1998 to 2014 the attempt to assess the extent of medical and social consequences of underestimating of medical errors in oncoradiology is made. The problems of regulatory nature of medical errors in oncoradiology are preliminary identified. CONCLUSIONS: The problem of medical errors in the treatment of cancer radiation methods in Ukraine is extremely important. Usually the problems of errors in onkoradiology are considered in organizational, technical, personnel and technical aspects, while medical and social consequences of problemare not covered. About 10 thousand of can cer patients in yearmay sufferfrom errors related only to dosecalculationaccording to the optimistic variant, while the number of patients for the same period on the pessimistic case can reach 15 thousand. There are a number of legal character problems in onkoradiology related to patient safety that require clarification. The first priority for improving the safety of patients in onkoradiology is the recording and analysis of radiation therapy defects and their consequences.