[Efficacy and safety of Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We conducted a multi-centered open clinical study on 165 BPH patients treated with Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules at a dose of 160 mg qd for 12 weeks. At the baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of medication, we compared the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), prostate volume, postvoid residual urine volume, urinary flow rate, quality of life scores (QOL), and adverse events between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline, both IPSS and QOL were improved after 6 weeks of medication, and at 12 weeks, significant improvement was found in IPSS, QOL, urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine. Mild stomachache occurred in 1 case, which necessitated no treatment. CONCLUSION: Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules were safe and effective for the treatment of BPH.

Genetic polymorphisms in HIF1A are associated with prostate cancer risk in a Chinese population.

The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIF1A (coding HIF-1α) have been shown to influence an individual's susceptibility to many human tumors; however, evidence on associations between HIF1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk is conflicting. We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in HIF1A (rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482) using the TaqMan method and assessed their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of 662 PCa patients and 716 controls in a Chinese Han population. Compared with rs11549467 GG genotype, the variant genotypes GA+AA had a significantly increased PCa risk (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.72), particularly among older patients (OR=2.01; 95%CI=1.05-3.86), smokers (OR=2.06; 95%CI=1.07-3.99), never drinkers (OR=2.16; 95%CI=1.20-3.86) and patients without a family history of cancer (OR=1.71; 95%CI=1.02-2.89). Furthermore, patients with rs11549467 variant genotypes were associated with a higher Gleason score (OR=2.14; 95%CI=1.22-3.75). No altered PCa risk was associated with the rs11549465 and rs2057482 polymorphism. However, the combined variant genotypes of rs2057482 and rs11549467 were associated with increased PCa risk (OR=2.10; 95%CI=1.23-3.57 among subjects carrying three or more risk alleles). These results suggest that HIF1A polymorphisms may impact PCa susceptibility and progression in the Chinese Han population.

Association between the Ku70-1310C/G promoter polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

Ku70 plays an important role in DNA double-strand break repair. Studies revealing conflicting results on the role of the Ku70-1310C/G promoter polymorphism on cancer risk led us to perform a meta-analysis to investigate this relationship. Ten case-control studies with 2566 cases and 3058 controls were identified. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. The overall results suggested no association between the Ku70-1310C/G promoter polymorphism and total cancer risk. However, on stratified analysis, significantly increased risks were observed among the Asian population (GG vs. CC: OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.10-2.06; GG vs. CC/CG: OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.01) and population-based case- control studies (GG vs. CC: OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.12-2.22; CG vs. CC: OR=1.35, 95%CI=1.11-1.64; CG/GG vs. CC: OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.14-1.65). Additionally, variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk (GG vs. CC: OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.26-2.56; GG vs. CC/CG: OR=1.40, 95%CI=1.01-1.95).

[Modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: technique and clinical outcomes].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. METHODS: A total of 105 patients received the operation with age ranging from 51 to 73 years from January 2008 to June 2010. Mean level of serum prostate specific antigen was 13.6 µg/L and mean prostatic volume was 45 ml. Pathological studies of biopsy confirmed the prostate carcinoma with Gleason score 6-8. Radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis. Based on previously retroperitoneal radical prostatectomy, modified technique was applied involving surgical approach, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 93 min (65 - 150 min). Intraoperative blood loss was 115 ml (50 - 400 ml). No complication of bowl injury occurred. Positive surgical margin was present in 24 patients. Normal continence were seen in 64 patients after catheter removed. Recovery of incontinence within 3 months was seen in 33 patients and 3 to 12 months in 5 patients respectively. Three patients with incontinence were still in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides large working space and clear anatomic exposure. Higher efficiency and lower complication rate are obtained through modified laparoscopic technique involving seminal vesicle isolation, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.

[Correlation of prostate cancer susceptibility with genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1, smoking and drinking: a case-control study in the population of Nanjing area].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) with the polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene, smoking and drinking, and to explore the joint role of genes and living habits in PCa pathogenesis. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on 109 PCa patients and 202 age-matched non-PCa male controls, and detected the polymorphisms of CYP2E1 Rsa I and Pst I sites by PCR-RFLP using DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: The history of deep smoking (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.28 - 4.09) or heavy smoking (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02 - 3.22) was a risk factor. The CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype significantly increased the risk of PCa (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04 - 2.82) and apparently interacted with drinking (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.59). Heavy smokers with the C1/C1 genotype showed an increased risk of PCa (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.20 - 6.56), as compared with non-smokers carrying the genotype of C1/C2 or C2/C2. CONCLUSION: The risk of PCa obviously increases in individuals with both the CYP2E1 C1/C1 genotype and the habit of smoking or drinking, and it has a significant positive correlation with the dose of tobacco exposure.

[Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS). METHODS: Two cases of PMDS were reported, one accompanied by transverse testicular ectopia and the other associated with cryptorchidism. Corporeal hysterectomy and orchidopexy were given to both the patients and cryptorchidectory the latter. RESULTS: Vascular supply and texture of the testis were normal in both the 2 patients after 1.5-2 years' follow-up. CONCLUSION: PMDS is male pseudohermaphroditism, for which means should be taken to preserve the blood supply and fertility function of the testis in surgical management, and attention should be paid to possible development of testis tumor in follow-up.

[Treatment of long-segment urethral stricture by free internal prepuce lamina patch urethroplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of free internal prepuce lamina patch urethroplasty on long-segment urethral stricture. METHODS: Eight patients of long-segment urethral stricture underwent resection of atresia posterior urethra and/or incision of stricture anterior urethra, free internal prepuce lamina patch as of corresponding length and width were taken for the reconstruction of the urethra, and mean while multi-hole silica ge tract was placed in the urethra. RESULTS: Miction was easy and fluent in 7 cases, and unobstructed in 1 case after two urethral soundings. CONCLUSION: Free internal prepuce lamina patch urethroplasty was a good method for treating long-segment urethral stricture.

[The clinical efficacy of epristeride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical safety, efficacy of Epristeride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: One hundred and fourty-one BPH patients, aged from 50 to 83 years old [(66.18 +/- 6.41) yr], were given Epristeride tablets 5 mg p.o., twice daily for 120 days. To synthetically estimate the efficacy by the changing rate of international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), the volume of prostate (V) and the residual urine (Ru). RESULTS: The total efficacy was 81.29%. The adverse reactions include 1 case (0.72%) of exanthem, 1 case (0.72%) of nausea and vomiting, 1 case (0.72%) of insomnia, 1 case (0.72%) of tinnitus and 3 cases (2.16%) of erectile dysfunction. Two patients discontinued the treatment due to the side effects (1.44%). There was no clinical significantly abnormal laboratory index during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Epristeride tablets was safe and effective in the treatment of BPH.

[The clinical efficacy of Naftopidil tablet in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Naftopidil tablet in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: Eighty BPH patients were divided into two groups randomly by double-blind, double-simulated and active control parallel study trials. Forty patients in treatment group were given Naftopidil tablet 25 mg, p.o., qn for 42 days, while 40 patients in control group were given Tamsulosin 0.2 mg, p.o., qn for 42 days. Statistical analysis was given from 77 cases in the groups. Estimation of the efficacy was done by the change of major indexes include international prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum flowrate (Qmax) and secondary indexes such as quality of life (QOL), residual urine (Ru) and volume of prostate (V). RESULTS: The changes of IPSS, Qmax, QOL had significant difference between two groups before and after treatment(P < 0.05). The change of Ru had no significant difference between two groups before and after treatment (P > 0.05) while there was significant difference between two groups after six-week treatment(P < 0.05). The change of V had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The adverse reactions in both groups were mild, and there was no significant difference between two groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Naftopidil tablet was safe and effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.