RESUMEN
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of adding flavoring agents to fermented cassava pulp (FCPU) on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and blood metabolites in growing cattle. Materials and Methods: A duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design was randomly assigned to six growing beef cattle. Treatments were: 1) untreated FCPU (control), 2) 0.05% w/v vanilla-flavored FCPU, and 3) 0.05% w/v amyl acetate-flavored FCPU. Results: The results showed that flavoring agents did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) or digestibility of nutrients. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations did not change all treatments postfeeding. Flavoring added to FCPU after feeding did not affect total volatile fatty acid (VFA) or VFA percentage. However, propionic acid levels tended to be lower in the vanilla-flavored FCPU group than those in the unflavored FCPU group at 0 h postfeeding (p < 0.01). Growing bulls fed vanilla-flavored FCPU tended to have greater fungal zoospores in the rumen than those fed amyl acetate-flavored FCPU (p < 0.1) at 2 h after feeding. Dietary treatments did not affect blood glucose and urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05). However, blood triglyceride concentration was greater for cattle fed a control diet than other treatments at 0 h postfeeding (p < 0.05) and tended to be higher than those fed vanilla-flavored FCPU at 2 h afterfeeding (p < 0.1). Conclusion: It was suggested that adding vanilla or amyl acetate flavor to the FCPU showed no adverse effects on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, or nutritional digestibility; however, it did not increase DMI.
RESUMEN
Objective: The price of animal production will be affected by the significant increase in feed costs. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of adding waste cassava pulp to fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis in tropical sheep. Materials and Methods: A 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design was used to randomly arrange nine crossbreed lambs (Santa Inês × Dorper) with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.7 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SD). During a 21-day trial, the animal was offered a random selection of concentrate diets and rice straw (control), total mixed ration (TMR), or FTMR. During the investigation, data on nutrition utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: The finding shows that FTMR had significantly higher dry matter (DM) intake and DM intake per BW than either TMR or control (p < 0.05). Lamb fed on FTMR had significantly higher DM, organic matter protein, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestion than those on control or TMR (p < 0.05). Rumen pH values for all treatments ranged from 6.68 to 6.73, with no significant differences. Growing lambs fed FTMR had greater rumen total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid concentrations than those given TMR and the control (p < 0.05). Protozoa were not different across the FTMR groups, although total bacterial and fungal zoospores were increased. In addition, when lambs were fed FTMR containing cassava pulp, ruminal microbial protein synthesis was significantly increased. Conclusion: It could indicate that feeding growing lambs with FTMR could improve nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. However, studies on the effects of FTMR on sheep performance, meat quality, and milk quality are necessary.
