La morbimortalité du tétanos à l'hôpital Sominé Dolo de Mopti

Introduction. Le tétanos est un problème de santé publique. La létalité qui lui est associée est très élevée. L'objectif de ce travail était de décrire les aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs du tétanos chez l'adulte. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective des cas de tétanos à l'hôpital Sominé Dolo de Mopti. Les données ont été collectées à partir des dossiers des malades et portaient sur le nom, le sexe, l'âge, la profession, la provenance, le statut vaccinal, la porte d'entrée. Le score de Dakar a été utilisé pour évaluer le pronostic des patients. Résultats. Nous avons colligé 11 cas dont un tétanos obstétrical. La prévalence hospitalière était de 1,03% ; l'âge moyen de 41ans avec des extrêmes de 21 et 70 ans. La tranche d'âge de 20 - 30 ans était la plus affectée avec 36,36%. Aucun des patients n'avait été antérieurement vacciné contre le tétanos. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation a été de 11,36 jours. Tous les patients ont présenté le trismus, dans plus de 50% des cas, la fièvre était associée aux paroxysmes. Nous rapportons un taux de létalité de 54,54% dont 83,33% sont survenus dans les quatre jours qui ont suivi l'hospitalisation. Le délai moyen de survenu du décès était de 4 jours. Conclusion. Le tétanos continue d'être une menace à l'atteinte de l'objectif de la couverture sanitaire universelle. Des efforts de sensibilisation et des programmes de vaccination plus inclusifs devraient permettre d'en réduire la morbimortalité

[Undesirable Events During Anesthesia For Programmed Digestive Surgery]. / Evenements Indesirables Au Cours De L'Anesthesie Pour Chirurgie Digestive Programmee.

OBJECTIVES: to study the morbidity operative peri in digestive surgery. PATIENT AND METHOD: It was about a prospective and descriptive survey in the services of digestive surgery and anesthesia resuscitation from February to August 2014. The population of survey was constituted of the whole patients having benefitted an anesthesia for programmed digestive surgery. The statistical test used for the comparison of the qualitative variables was CHI2 with p <0,05 considered meaningful. RESULTS: during the period 125 files have been collected. The patients having presented at least an undesirable event were of 86 either 68,8%. These events had occurred in 77.9% of cases during the interview. The middle age was of 47.46±15, 68years with extremes of 18years. and 85 years. Sex ratio was of 1, 55. Patients were classified ASA I in 83.2%. The predominant operative indication was the gastric tumor in 26.4 % of the cases. General anesthesia was practiced in 82.4% of the cases. Anesthesia were achieved in 55.2% of the cases by male nurses' anesthetists and 44,8% by the students in diploma of studies specials(DES).Main recovered undesirable events were of cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive nature (nausea and vomiting). Intervening of the undesirable events was bound to the technique of anesthesia, Anesthetic time length of intervention, used narcotic and to the antecedents of the patients with p <0, 05. CONCLUSION: Factors of avoidable operative morbidity peri are nearly present in all our acts for digestive surgery. The formation of the staff and the setting to disposition of products better tolerated will permit to reduce these factors.

OBJECTIF: Etudier la morbidité péri-opératoire en chirurgie digestive. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale dans les services de chirurgie digestive et d'anesthésie réanimation de Février à août 2014. La population d'étude était constituée de l'ensemble des patients ayant bénéficié d'une anesthésie pour chirurgie digestive programmée. Le test statistique utilisé pour la comparaison des variables qualitatives a été le CHI2 avec p< 0,05 considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: pendant la période 125 dossiers de patients ont été colligés. Les patients ayant présenté au moins un événement indésirable étaient de 86 soit 68,8 %. Ces événements étaient survenus dans 77,9 % des cas à la phase d'entretien. L'âge moyen était de 47,46±15,68 avec des extrêmes de 18 ans et 85 ans. Le sexe ratio était de 1,55. Les patients étaient classés ASA I dans 83,2 %. L'indication opératoire prédominante était la tumeur gastrique avec 26,4 % des cas. L'anesthésie générale était pratiquée dans 82,4% des cas. L'anesthésies était réalisée dans 55,2 % des cas par les infirmiers anesthésistes et 44,8 % par les étudiants en diplôme d'études spéciales(DES). Les principaux événements indésirables retrouvés étaient de nature cardiovasculaire, respiratoire et digestive. La survenue des événements indésirables était liée à la technique d'anesthésie, au temps anesthésique, à la durée de l'intervention, au narcotique utilisé et aux antécédents des patients avec p < 0,05. CONCLUSION: Les facteurs de morbidité évitables péri-opératoire sont quasiment présents dans tous nos actes pour chirurgie digestive. La formation du personnel et la mise à disposition de produits mieux tolérés permettront de réduire ces facteurs.

[Squamous cell carcinoma associated with use of skin-lightening cream]. / Carcinome épidermoïde associé à une dépigmentation volontaire.

BACKGROUND: Women widely use skin-lightening products for cosmetic purposes in sub-Saharan Africa despite numerous reported cutaneous and systemic complications. The occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma has long been reported, but only three cases have been published so far. We report the first case in Mali. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 30-year old woman with no noteworthy medical history was seen at our outpatient center for cervical ulceration that had been present for the last 5 years. She had used cosmetic bleaching cream over a period of around ten years. Physical examination revealed extensive ulceration on the left side of her neck. Blood tests for viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus were negative. The pathological examination of the skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. After failure of the initial excision with early relapse, multiple surgical ablations were performed 3 months later. DISCUSSION: The high prevalence of skin-lightening cosmetic use contrasts with the rarity of epidermoid carcinoma in depigmented skin. However, a large chronic ulcer on uncovered parts of the upper body, particularly the neck, should prompt physicians to consider skin cancer. Appropriate preventive measures include the promotion of educational messages for the general population, the use of sun-protection devices, and routine skin biopsy for all women presenting chronic cervical ulceration after long-term use of skin-lightening products.

[Caesarean at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital of Bamako: factors of morbi-mortality]. / Facteurs de morbi-mortalite de la Cesarienne au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Following the progress made regarding anesthesia reanimation, caesarean have become a much safer procedure. However, factors of mobi-mortality are still numerous. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors of morbi-mortality arising during a caesarean. PATIENT AND METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2007 to December 2011 in the gynecology-obstetric and anesthesia reanimation services of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital. The analysis looked at the medical files of women undergoing a caesarean and hospitalized in the gynecology-obstetric and anesthesia reanimation services. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS.19 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and the Epiinfo.7 softwares. Chi2 tests were performed to compare frequencies where a value of p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 269 medical files were analysed. Mean age was of 28.46 ± 6.702. The most frequent peroperative morbidity factors were cardiovascular. Death rate was of 5.2%. The most frequent cause of these deaths was eclampsia. Factors influencing morbi-mortalities were iterative caesareans and urgency of the caesarean. The evacuated mothers had presented complications in 37.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: The caesarean is a procedure that is not sufficiently safe in our services and there are a lot of factors of mobi-mortality.

INTRODUCTION: La sécurité au cours de la césarienne est devenue très grande grâce aux progrès de l'anesthésie réanimation. Cependant les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier les facteurs de morbi-mortalité au cours de la césarienne. PATIENTES ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective de janvier 2007 à décembre 2011 dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel TOURE. Elle a porté sur les dossiers des parturientes césarisées et hospitalisées dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation. L'analyse des données a été faite à l'aide du logiciel SPSS.19 (Statistical package for Social Sciences) et l'Epiinfo.7. Le test de khi2 était utilisé pour comparer les fréquences avec une valeur de p ≤ 0,05 considérée comme significative. RÉSULTATS: Le nombre de dossiers analysés était de 269. L'âge moyen était de 28,46 ± 6,702. Les événements morbides per opératoires fréquents étaient cardio-vasculaires. Le taux de létalité était de 5,2 %. La cause la plus fréquente des décès était l'éclampsie. Les facteurs de morbi-mortalités retrouvés ont été la césarienne itérative, le contexte urgent de la césarienne. Les parturientes évacuées avaient présenté une complication dans 37,3% des cas. CONCLUSION: La césarienne est un acte qui n'est pas suffisamment sûr dans notre structure. Les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux.

Facteurs de morbi-mortalité de la césarienne au centre hospitalo-Universitaire Gabriel Touré de Bamako

La sécurité au cours de la césarienne est devenue très grande grâce aux progrès de l'anesthésie réanimation.Cependant les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux. Le but de ce travail était d'étudier les facteurs de morbi-mortalité au cours de la césarienne. Patientes et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale rétrospective de janvier 2007 à décembre 2011 dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation du centre hospitalier universitaire Gabriel TOURE. Elle a porté sur les dossiers des parturientes césarisées et hospitalisées dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et d'anesthésie réanimation. L'analyse des données a été faite à l'aide du logiciel SPSS.19 (Statistical package for Social Sciences) et l'Epiinfo.7. Le test de khi2était utilisé pour comparer les fréquences avec une valeur de p ≤0,05 considérée comme significative. Résultats : Le nombre de dossiers analysés était de 269. L'âge moyen était de 28,46 ± 6,702. Les événements morbides per opératoires fréquents étaient cardio-vasculaires. Le taux de létalité était de 5,2 %. La cause la plus fréquente des décès était l'éclampsie. Les facteurs de morbi-mortalités retrouvés ont été la césarienne itérative, le contexte urgent de la césarienne. Les parturientes évacuées avaient présenté une complication dans 37,3% des cas. Conclusion :La césarienne est un acte qui n'est pas suffisamment sûr dans notre structure. Les facteurs de mobi-mortalité sont nombreux

[Tracheal intubation in the Emergency Unit: accidents and incidents in the teaching hospital of Gabriel Touré of Bamako]. / L'intubation tracheale au service d'accueil des urgences: accidents et incidents au centre hospitalo-universitaire de Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Intubation in urgency is characterized by a greater difficulty compared with intubation in situation regulated with the operating theatre suite. In urgency, the determination of the predictive anatomical factors of difficult intubation is secondary. The incidence of the complications of endotracheal intubations in urgency in the French system was 11,6% with a rate of failure to 0,5. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidents and accidents during endotracheal intubations in the service of reception of the urgencies with the Gabriel TOURE teaching hospital of Bamako. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2010 at September 2011 with the service of reception of the urgencies of the Gabriel Touré teaching hospital. All the intubated patients were included. All the patients received a clinical evaluation and paraclinic examinations. Clinical monitoring was carried out in the 24 hours following the accident. The statistical test which was used for the comparison of our results was Khi 2 with a threshold of significance fixed at P<0,05. RESULTS: For the period of study 120 cases of accidents and incidents were collected for 320 intubated patients - a frequency of 37,5%. The age bracket 15 - 29 was prevalent representing 30,8 % of patients. The sex ratio was 2,3 in favour of men. In 44.3% of cases patients died in the 24 hours following intervention. Only patients admitted for cranial traumatism presented undesirable side effects in 50% of the cases versus 50% for the other joined reasons for admission. CONCLUSION: The accidents during endotracheal intubation in urgent interventions are considerable, hence the acquisition of more suitable material and good training would decrease incidence.

INTRODUCTION: L'intubation en urgence se caractérise par une plus grande difficulté comparée à l'intubation en situation réglée au bloc opératoire. En urgence, la détermination des facteurs anatomiques prédictifs de l'intubation difficile est secondaire. L'incidence des complications des intubations endotrachéales en urgence dans le système français était de 11,6% avec un taux d'échec à 0,5%. OBJECTIF: Etait d'étudier les incidents et accidents au cours des intubations endotrachéales dans le service d'accueil des urgences au CHU Gabriel TOURE de Bamako. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective d'octobre 2010 à septembre 2011 au service d'accueil des urgences du C.H.U. Gabriel Touré. Tous les patients intubés étaient inclus. Tous les patients avaient bénéficié d'une évaluation clinique et des examens paracliniques. Une surveillance clinique était effectuée dans les 24 heures premières heures après l'accident. Le test statistique qui a été utilisé pour la comparaison de nos résultats était le Khi2 avec un seuil de signification fixé à P<0 ,05. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période d'étude 120 cas d'accidents et incidents ont été colligés sur 320 patients intubés soit une fréquence de 37,5%. La tranche d'âge 15 ­ 29 était prédominante avec 30,8 %. Le sex ratio était de 2,3 en faveur des hommes. Les patients étaient décédés dans les 24 Heures dans 44,3 % des cas. Les patients admis pour traumatisme crânien avaient présenté à eux seuls des événements indésirables dans 50 % des cas contre 50 % pour les autres motifs d'admission réunis. CONCLUSION: Les accidents au cours de l'intubation endotrachéale en urgence sont considérables dont l'acquisition de matériel adapté et une bonne formation diminueraient.

[Miliary tuberculosis in Mali during the decade 2000-2009]. / Miliaire tuberculeuse au Mali pendant la décennie 2000-2009.

In order to describe the epidemio-clinical and evolutionary aspects of miliary tuberculosis (TB) in Mali, a retrospective study of 10 years (1 January 2000 to December 31, 2009) was conducted in the service of pneumo-phtisiology at the university hospital of point G. It concerned all patients with radiological images compatible with miliary TB, signs of bacillary impregnation, bacillus or not, treated with antituberculosis drugs. Of 3630 TB patients all forms recorded during the study period, 183 miliary were recorded (5%) including 117 men and 66 women. Young adults between 29-45 years were more represented (52%). The average diagnostic delay was 3.7 months. The symptomatology was dominated by the fever (100%), cough (90.1%) and asthenia (86.3%), anorexia (81.9%). The radiological images types of micronodular opacities were the most frequent in 147 cases (80.3%) against 36 cases of (19.7%) macronodular types. Bacteriological examination of sputum was negative in 139 patients (76%) and positive in 44 patients (24%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of an excavation in Chest radiography and smear positivity (P<0.001). The clinical improvement observed (55.7%) depended on the time of the diagnosis (P<0.001). The serology HIV was positive at 29 patients on 124 tested. Also, in areas with high prevalence TB/HIV, any miliary fever in the absence of other obvious etiologies should undertake without delay TB proper treatment.

[Pleural puncture biopsy in the aetiological diagnosis of pleurisy]. / Ponction biopsie pleurale dans le diagnostic étiologique des pleurésies.

INTRODUCTION: Pleurisy represents a worrying situation because of the difficulty of aetiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of pleural puncture biopsy (PPB) in the diagnosis of pleurisy. METHODS: A prospective study of the contribution of the pleural puncture biopsy in the pulmonary service of Bamako (Mali) from 2005 to 2009. PPB was used in the investigation of exudative, non-purulent pleurisy of unknown aetiology. Castelin biopsy forceps were used. RESULTS: Pleurisy was the reason for 20% of the total admissions of 6374 patients. The PPB was performed in 390 patients or 30.6% of the cases of pleurisy. The HIV test was performed in 341 patients (87.4%), of whom 72 cases (21.1%) were positive. The pleural biopsies were: lymphocytic (68.7%), mixed cellular (17.1%). Histological interpretation was possible in 367 biopsy specimens, a yield of 94.1%. Tuberculous granulomata were found in 65.1% with a close relationship to HIV status (P<0.004). Pleural cancer was found in 16.1%. CONCLUSION: The PPB is easy to perform at a low cost. It permits the diagnosis of tuberculous and neoplastic pleurisy, particularly in low income countries with a high prevalence of TB/HIV.

[Indications for admitting patients with respiratory conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa]. / Motifs d'admission des patients en milieu pneumologique noir africain.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory diseases are the cause of a larger number of consultations than any other organ pathology; and general practitioners therefore spend considerable time treating them. The aim of this work was to investigate the indication for admission to hospital in patients with respiratory disease in a Sub-Saharan African context. PATIENTS: This was a retrospective observational study of the indications for admission to the pneumology department of the University Hospital of Point G. in Bamako, between January 2000 and December 2009. Admission registers were used to verify data recorded in patients' medical records. RESULTS: Twelve thousand six hundred and forty records were collected; 8621 men and 4019 women, mean age 49±13.5 years. 80.3% of admissions were for respiratory diseases and 19.7% for non-respiratory diseases largely cardiovascular and digestive conditions. The admission diagnosis and definitive diagnoses were dominated by tuberculosis, which made up 67% and 60% of cases respectively (P=0.000). The diagnosis was not specified in 2% of cases. CONCLUSION: The reason for admission to the respiratory service varied and included a proportion of non-respiratory diseases. We meet respiratory and non-respiratory affections. Among pulmonary diseases, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and pleurisy are the main reasons for admission.

[Variability of skin test on both tuberculosis and co infected patients with HIV under tuberculosis treatment]. / Variabilite de l'intradermoreaction a la tuberculine chez les tuberculeux et coinfectes (VIH+) sous traitement antituberculeux.

To evaluate the variability of tuberculin skin test (TST), we did a prospective study in the pneumology unit of the teaching hospital at Point G and in the tuberculosis unit of the health district II at Bamako, Mali TST was applied two times to every patient more than 18 years old: at the beginning before the tuberculosis treatment (tst1) and after 2 months (tst2). For all 113 patients followed in both units, 41 were enrolled in this study (36, 2%). The mean age of patients was 37.9 years and 73.2% were male.(sex proportion was 2.72 for male). The different forms of Tuberculosis were: 63.4% of tuberculosis with smear positive(TSP); 7.3% of tuberculosis with smear negative(TSN); and 29,3% of disseminated tuberculosis. 22% of the patients were HIV positive. The tst1 was positive for 58.5% of the patients(11.11% of the HIV positive patients and 78.13% of the HIV negative). The diameter of indurations of the TST increased considerably during the treatment mainly with patients infected by HIV. The TST test can be an indicator of follow op for these patients who had less AFB most of time?

[Knowledge of the Bamako general population of tuberculosis]. / Connaissance de la population generale de Bamako sur la tuberculose.

The hope of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the fight against tuberculosis rests today on the implementation of the strategy DOTS. The success of this strategy passes obligatorily by an implication of the parents, neighbors in one word of the population living with the patient; this is why we fixed our objective to study knowledge on the tuberculosis of the people of more than 18 years of the district of Bamako. We carried out a cross-sectional study supplemented by focus-groups in 3 districts of Bamako near the general population (socio-medical personnel, old tuberculous, and helping natural) for the period from the 1st of June to July 15, 2004. Our sample was composed of 246 people for the individual questionnaires and of 47 per 8 meetings of focus group: the sex ratio was 2,5 in favour of the men and 60,2% of our subjects had less than 30 years. In the general population of Bamako 24,8% had a good knowledge, 49,0% an average knowledge and 26,2% a bad knowledge. 48,8 % of those which had a good knowledge were the pupils, students and civils servant. So in general the population had a good knowledge on symptomatology (90,2 %), it on the other hand had the knowledge very limited on the etiology (only 10,6% of the subject knew that tuberculosis is caused by a mycobactery) or on the modes of transmission (cigarettes, soap, meat). The population of Bamako has a very passable level of knowledge on tuberculosis. If this level is good with regard to symptomatology, it is very insufficient on the etiology or on the transmission of the disease. To improve this knowledge one needs a sensitizing supported for television and the radio in the dialects and national languages.

[Profile of deceased patients who died as a result of microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis: impact of HIV status]. / Profil des patients decedes de tuberculose pulmonaire a microscopie positif (TPM+): influence du statut VIH.

In order to study the profile of patients who died of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear under tuberculosis chemotherapy and the impact of HIV status, a prospective study over eight months from 1 November 2005 to 30 June 2006 was conducted in tuberculosis department CHU point G. Among patients hospitalized for tuberculosis all forms, 73 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were recorded including 54 sputum smear-positive (73.9%). The analysis focused on 28 deaths among pulmonary tuberculosis smear positive (prevalence of 51,85%). The age group of 16-35 years was the most represented with a sex ratio of 2.5. The different causes of morbidity which had a negative influence on the lethality of TB patients in order of importance were: the extent of the lesions (71.4%), HIV/AIDS status (63.15%), smoking (50 %) and a history of tuberculosis (25%) (p = 0.02). The deaths occurred early during the first week of hospitalization. The search for morbidity factors in any patient with tuberculosis should be systematical to improve their care.

Male circumcision and HIV in the Malian military.

In the goal of determine the impact of circumcision in transmission of HIV in military area. A retrospective study has been carried out from January 2000 to December 2005 at the infirmary of Genie military garrison about all HIV positive serology registered in that structure. It was a study of circumcised militaries and uncircumcised militaries as control group. Among 1183 militaries, 1102 were men (93.2%). Among these 1102, 57 were HIV positive (5.1%). Among 1102 military, 154 were uncircumcised and among them 20 were HIV positive (12.9 %). Among 948 of circumcised militaries 37 were HIV positive (3.9%). Circumcision reduces the risk of infection by HIV; however it has to be considered as supplement among other prevention methods.

[Extension of cervix cancer screening by visual methods to the community health centres in the district of Bamako]. / Extension du depistage du cancer du col uterin par inspection visuelle aux centres de sante communautaires du district de Bamako.

Cervix cancer remains a public health problem in developing countries. These results are an assessment for multicentric study based on visual inspection of the cervix after application of acetiq acid (VIA) and lugol's iodine (VILI). The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and the impact of this screening in the community health centres "CSCOM" in the district of Bamako. It was a prospective and multicentric study through 8 CSCOM, 3 Reference Centres "CSRéf", Hôpital Gabriel Touré (HGT) and National Institute of Public Health (INRSP) in Bamako. During 28 months, 5016 women aged through 25-49 years were screened. After their consent and questionnaire filling, the patient is comfortably settled for visual test. The repartition of screened patients by health level is: CSCOM (19.24% : 965/5016), CSRéf (48.64% : 2440/5016), HGT (32.12% : 1611/5016). In general, the positivity of tests was: 5.2% (VIA) and 6.8% (VILI). The positive women at the CSCOM level were oriented to the CSRéf or the HGT for the colposcopy, possible biopsy or care. At all 177 biopsies were done, and histological diagnosis were: 67 dysplasias, 3 early invasive carcinomas, 69 invasive carcinomas and 38 inflammatory metaplasic lesions or nonconclusives aspects. Patients with dysplasias or cancers were treated by cryotherapy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), cold-knife conization or surgery. This study showed that screening of cervical cancer by visual inspection is workable at CSCOM level. We wish a large diffusion of the method to the whole of the country.

Profil des patients decedes D (TMP+) : influence du statut VIH

Dans le but d'etudier le profil de patients decedes de tuberculose pulmonaire a microscopie positive (TPM+) sous chimiotherapie antituberculeuse et l'influence du statut VIH; une etude prospective sur huit mois; du 1er novembre 2005 au 30 juin 2006 a ete menee dans le service de pneumo phtisiologie du CHU de point G. Parmi les malades hospitalises pour tuberculose toutes formes confondues; 73 cas de tuberculoses pulmonaires ont ete repertories dont 54 cas de tuberculose a frottis positif soit 73;9. L'analyse a porte sur 28 deces parmi les cas de tuberculose pulmonaire a frottis positif soit une prevalence de 51; 85. La tranche d'age de 16-35 ans etait la plus representee avec un sex-ratio de 2;5. Les differents facteurs de morbidite qui ont influence negativement sur la letalite des patients tuberculeux par ordre d importance etaient : l etendue des lesions (71;4); ; le statut VIH/SIDA ( 63;15) ; le tabagisme (50) et des antecedents de tuberculose (25) (p= 0;02). Les deces survenaient precocement au cours de la premiere semaine d'hospitalisation. La recherche des facteurs de morbidites chez tout patient tuberculeux devrait etre systematique pour ameliorer leur prise en charge globale

Male Circumcision and HIV in the Malian Military

In the goal of determine the impact of circumcision in transmission of HIV in military area. A retrospective study has been carried out from January 2000 to December 2005 at the infirmary of Genie military garrison about all HIV positive serology registered in that structure. It was a study of circumcised militaries and uncircumcised militaries as control group. Among 1183 militaries1102 were men (93.2). Among these 1102; 57 have were HIV positive (5.1). Among 1102 military 154 were uncircumcised and among them 20 were HIV positive (12.9). Among 948 of circumcised militaries 37 were HIV positive (3.9). Circumcision reduces the risk of infection by HIV; however it has to be considered as supplement among other prevention methods

Extension du depistage du cancer du col uterin par inspection visuelle aux centres de sante communautaire du District de Bamako

Le cancer du col de l'uterus demeure un probleme de sante publique dans les pays en developpement. Le present travail constitue un bilan d'une etude multicentrique basee sur l'inspection visuelle du col apres application d'acide acetique (IVA) et de lugol (IVL). L'objectif assigne a ce travail est de determiner la faisabilite et l'impact de ce depistage au niveau des centres de sante communautaires du district de Bamako. Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective multicentrique a travers 8 CSCOM; 3 Centres de Sante de Reference (CSRef); l'Hopital Gabriel Toure (HGT) et l'Institut National de Recherche en Sante Publique (INRSP) de Bamako. Sur une periode de 28 mois; 5016 femmes agees de 25 a 49 ans ont ete depistees. Apres un consentement eclaire; la fiche d'enquete est remplie. La patiente etait confortablement installee sur une table gynecologique pour le depistage. La repartition des femmes depistees selon le niveau de la pyramide sanitaire se fait comme suit : CSCOM (19;24: 965/5016); CSRef (48;64: 2440/5016); HGT (32;12: 1611/5016). De facon generale; la positivite des tests etait la suivante : 5;2pour l'IVA et 6;8pour l'IVL. Les femmes positives au niveau des CSCOM etaient orientees vers un CSRef ou l'HGT pour la colposcopie; une biopsie eventuelle et la prise en charge. Sur 177 biopsies effectuees; les diagnostics suivants ont ete observes : 67 dysplasies; 3 carcinomes micro-invasifs; 69 carcinomes invasifs et 38 lesions inflammatoires; metaplasiques ou non concluantes. Les patientes presentant des lesions dysplasiques ou tumorales ont ete traitees par cryotherapie; conisation; resection a l'anse diathermique ou par la chirurgie. Ce travail montre que le depistage du cancer du col par les methodes visuelles est realisable au niveau des CSCOM. Nous recommandons une large diffusion de la methode sur tout le territoire national

[HIV/AIDS impact in pulmonary tuberculosis with negative microscopy in pneumology service at Point "G" hospital]. / Impact du VIH/SIDA dans la tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie négative (TPM-) dans le service de pneumophtisiologie à Bamako.

This study was opened and conducted from colligated patient folders during 5 years (from January 1999 to December 2003). The main objective was the description of epidemiological, diagnostically and prise and prise of charge aspects of microscopy negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients were enrolled in this study in accordance to WHO criteria. During these 5 years, pulmonary tuberculosis has constituted 72.2% on all froms of tuberculosis with 20.2% of microscopy negative pulmonary tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine scar has been observed in 50.8% of cases. The IDR was negative in 21.3% of cases; this rate was about 68.1% in HIV positive patients. More than 60% of the patients have more than 3 negative bacilloscopy. The 69.4% of our patients have been hospitalized and 64% have been treated with III category system.

Impact du VIH/SIDA dans la tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie négative (TPM -) dans le service de pneumophtisiologie à Bamako

Il s'agit d'une étude ouverte sur des dossiers colligés durant une période de cinq ans ( Janvier 1999 à Décembre 2003), qui avait pour objectif principal de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et la prise en charge de la TPM - .Les patients sont inclus dans l'étude pour TPM- selon les critères de l'OMS. Pendant cette période de cinq ans, la tuberculose pulmonaire (TP) a constitué 72,1% des cas de tuberculoses toutes formes sur lesquelles 20,2% de TPM- . La cicatrice BCG était présente dans 50,8% des cas. L'IDR était négative dans 21,3% des cas, ce taux atteint 68,1% chez les patients VIH positifs. Plus de 60% de nos patients ont réalisé plus de 3 bacilloscopies qui sont restées négative. La sérologie VIH était positive chez 51,1% des patients testés. L'hospitalisation a concerné 69,4% de nos patients, 64% ont été traité par le régime de la catégorie III