[Orbital neoplasms in children]. / Guzy oczodolu u dzieci.

The incidence, diagnosis and clinical picture of the orbital tumors in children are discussed on the basis of 49 personal cases. Discovered was the preponderance of primary non-malignant tumors. The most frequently encountered tumors were angiomas (27 p.c.), dermatomas (19 p.c.) lymphomas (8 p.c.) and among the malignant tumors--rhabdomyosarcoma (6 p.c.).

[Iatrogenic eye perforation in para- and retrobulbar injections]. / Iatrogene Bulbusperforation bei para- und retrobulbären Injektionen.

The authors report on 5 cases of inadvertent iatrogenic perforation of the globe in the course of retrobulbar and parabulbar injections. Perforation occurred twice by injection of the drug into the eyeball itself (subretinally or intravitreally), while in 3 cases a double perforation occurred, as a result of which the drug penetrated behind the eye. The prognosis is better in the latter case. Even though perforation of the globe during parabulbar and retrobulbar injections is extremely rare, it must always be considered if there is a sudden deterioration in vision and/or severe pain immediately after the injection; depending on the situation, retinal and/or vitreous surgery must then be performed at once.

[Congenital cystic eye]. / Ein Beitrag zum kongenitalen Zystenauge.

Report on 2 cases of congenital cystic eye. In the first case the unilateral defect was the only malformation, without any chromosomal aberration. The second patient presented with a congenital cystic eye, on the right and a severe microphthalmos of the left eye, as well as several other malformations. Genetic investigations revealed a gross defect of a chromosome 13 (13q- deletion syndrome; so-called Orbeli syndrome).

[Comparative studies of pilocarpine gel and pilocarpine eyedrops]. / Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Pilocarpin-Gel und Pilocarpin-Augentropfen.

The influence of pilocarpine gel 4% and pilocarpine eye drops 4% or 2% on the optical and ophthalmological parameters pupil diameter, intraocular pressure, ametropia and visual acuity, range of accommodation, and nocturnal visual acuity with and without blinding was investigated. The tendency to amplify the myopia and impair nocturnal vision acuity with and without blinding was greater with eye drops than with gel. There was no significant difference between gel and eye drops as regards their effect on other parameters.

[Long-term results of goniotrepanation with scleral flap]. / Langzeitbeobachtungen nach Goniotrepanation mit Skleradeckel.

Between 1970 and 1977 407 eyes were operated on for glaucoma of different origins, the procedure used being goniotrepanation with scleral flap. Ninety of these eyes were followed up for more than 5 years (7.2 years on average) with regard to long term effects of the operation. Open-angle glaucoma accounted for 73% of the cases. IOP was normal without drug treatment in 68 eyes (76%), and with drugs in a further 19 (21%). In other words, IOP was regulated for 5 years or more postoperatively in 97%. The investigation also covered the condition of the lens, (extension of cataract?), visual acuity and the morphology of the bleb.

[Prevention of cystoid macular edema using indomethacin eye drops]. / Zur Prophylaxe des zystoiden Makulaödems mit Indometacin-Augentropfen.

The effect of 1% Indomethacine solution on the development of post-operative macular edema was examined. Starting from the day of the operation, the patients received 1 drop of either the solution or the placebo 4 times daily for 3 months. Using fluorescein angiography it was demonstrated that post-operative macular edema developed with a significantly lower incidence in patients treated with the prostaglandine inhibitor Indomethacin than in the control group. There was no noticeable difference between the 2 groups with regard to side-effects.

[Incision procedure in cataract extraction after filtering glaucoma operations]. / Zur Schnittführung bei Kataraktextraktionen nach fistulierender Glaukomoperation.

The authors report on 72 cataract extractions following filtering procedures for glaucoma. In 45 cases they performed a purely corneal incision in the upper part of the globe (in 17 cases the classical von Graefe knife incision was used; in 28 cases a three-plane incision ab externo using a razor blade and scissors was done). In the other 27 cases the globe was opened from the outer surface by performing a corneoscleral incision with a limbus-based conjunctival flap. With regard to postoperative intraocular pressure and intraoperative and postoperative complications the two techniques - the ab interno incision and the ab externo incision - produced equally good results. Moreover, a slightly higher residual astigmatism was observed after the purely corneal incisions. The advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques for opening the globe following a filtering procedure for glaucoma are discussed. Finally the authors describe the procedure they currently use, depending on the preoperative situs.

Influence of low magnetic-field-strength variations on the retina and pineal gland of quail and humans.

Recently, Schulten postulated on the basis of his experiments and quantum-mechanical calculations that variations of the strength of the earth's magnetic field may influence reactions in biological systems. In this paper groups of birds were subjected to different variations of low magnetic-field strength. The influence of these variations on the enzyme hydroxyindol-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT) was determined. HIOMT is unique to the retina and the pineal gland and seems to be involved in regulation of light-adaptation processes. A significant effect was found, which can be interpreted as being in agreement with Schulten's theory. These observations were further supported by our examination of the influence of magnetic field variation on human night-vision acuity. Whereas the magnetic influence on the avian retina may be interpreted in connection with navigation, the importance for the human retina remains to be elucidated.